Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence, case fatality rate (CFR), age distribution, serotype distribution and transmission of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis worldwide are reviewed. This organism is a commensal in the throat, but serotype b can become invasive and causes the majority of meningitis disease in infants in most countries. The incidence is estimated at 47/100,000 in the US, and 20-30/100,000 in Europe for children 5 years. In non-industrialized settings, data are available for Alaska and The Gambia, where incidence is 60/100,000 children 5. In Africa the peak age is 6 months of age, compared to 8-9 months is the West, where 60% of cases occur in adults as well. The CFR ranges from 1.95-5% in the West, a function of hospital facilities, but is reported to be 26% in Nigeria and 57% in Egypt. H. influenzae serotype b predominates in most countries. Only 3 common outer membrane protein antigens are common, but the lipopolysaccharide types vary widely. In West Africa serotype a is more prevalent, and in The Gambia an entirely different clone was isolated. The carriage rate appears to be low, around 2-4% in most communities, but in some closed communities, such as day care centers, up to 56% carriage has been found. It is theorized that introduction of new strains is the reason for infection of very young children in developing areas.
 ...
PMID:World-wide epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis; industrialized versus non-industrialized countries. 189 57

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is the key initiator of host responses to infection. We describe here the lipopolysaccharide-(LPS) (20 micrograms/ml) stimulated IL-1 production of peripheral blood monocytes in 2 children with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. We found a depressed IL-1 production at the acute stage of the infection when the meningitis was most active with return to normal coinciding with clinical recovery. These results show an inverse correlation with acute phase reactants and IL-1 production. Normalization of IL-1 production seems to be a good prognostic sign in bacterial meningitis.
 ...
PMID:Interleukin-1 production in bacterial meningitis. 232 Sep 58

Based on a 10-year retrospective and a 15-month prospective analysis, White Mountain Apache Indian children younger than 5 years were found to have an annual incidence of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis of 254 cases/100,000--an 8-fold higher incidence than that seen in the general United States population. In our prospective surveillance, H. influenzae isolates from cases of systemic disease were further characterized by capsular type, biotype and by outer membrane protein (OMP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) patterns on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Unexpectedly, H. influenzae type a strains were isolated in 3/18 cases of systemic disease. All other disease-producing strains were type b. H. influenzae b strains possessing common OMP, LPS, capsular and biotype characteristics were isolated from individuals in geographically distinct communities within the reservation. These apparently identical strains were isolated from different individuals who had systemic infections that occurred months apart (longest interval, 14 months). Both OMP and LPS subtyping were necessary to discriminate among invasive H. influenzae isolates.
 ...
PMID:Haemophilus influenzae disease in the White Mountain Apaches: molecular epidemiology of a high risk population. 633 45