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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tolerogenic treatment of mice by successive injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli or S. marcescens and cyclophosphamide (CY) decreased both the specific and polyclonal responses to tolerogen and to irrelevant LPS from Br. abortus as well as the specific immune response to sheep red blood cells. Splenocytes of tolerant mice were unresponsive to polyclonal challenge when transferred to irradiated syngeneic recipients. Spleen cells or blood serum from tolerant mice did not suppress the polyclonal response of intact mice to LPS. Possible reasons for the polyclonal B cell anergy were analyzed.
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PMID:Polyclonal B cell anergy induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and cyclophosphamide. 329 50

Proliferative activity of hemopoietic bone-marrow stem cells has been studied in splenectomized mice in response to sheep red blood cells (2 X 10(8], pneumococcal polysaccharide (100 micrograms) and lipopolysaccharide E. coli (100 micrograms) injections. Spleen and its lymphoid cellular elements were shown to be of great importance for the regulation of the functional activity of hemopoietic stem cells under the antigenic influence.
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PMID:[Proliferative activity of the hematopoietic stem cell in antigenically stimulated splenectomized mice]. 330 53

Liposomes of certain lipid composition prepared by the detergent removal method (Brunner, J. et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1976. 455: 322) induced the proliferation of spleen cells from different mouse strains. Spleen cell populations enriched in B lymphocytes and those obtained from nude mice were induced to proliferate, whereas spleen cell fractions enriched in T lymphocytes and thymocytes were not. The mitogenic effect of liposomes resembled that of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and it depended upon their lipid composition. Liposomes prepared from dimyristoyl lecithin (DML), 2:1 dimyristoyl lecithin:cholesterol (DML:C), 2:1 dioleoyl lecithin: cholesterol (DOL:C), and 2:1 egg yolk lecithin:cholesterol (EYL:C) were mitogenic, whereas liposomes prepared from egg yolk lecithin (EYL) alone were not mitogenic for spleen cells. The mitogenic effects of these liposome preparations were in the decreasing order DML greater than DOL:C greater than or equal to EYL:C greater than DML:C greater than EYL. The results suggest a correlation between the membrane fluidity of liposomes and their mitogenic effect. Although no proliferative response was induced on T lymphocytes, two of these liposomes, DML and EYL:C, had the ability to potentiate the cytotoxic response of T lymphocytes to alloantigens in mixed leukocyte culture. In responder-stimulator combinations which differed for the H-2K, H-2D or the entire H-2 region, these liposomes potentiated the cytotoxic response significantly. The results suggest that liposomes have an ability to modulate T lymphocyte response.
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PMID:Effect of liposomes on lymphocytes: induction of proliferation of B lymphocytes and potentiation of the cytotoxic response of T lymphocytes to alloantigens. 348 56

Suramin stimulated DNA synthesis in spleen cell cultures of all inbred strains of mice tested, including, for example, CBA, DBA/2, C57BL/6, and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-nonresponsive strain C3H/HeJ. The cells responding to the drugs were removed by passage through nylon wool columns, but they were not eliminated by in vivo treatment of the mice with anti-Thy 1.2 antibody. Spleen cells of homozygous nude mice (C57BL/6 or BALB/c background) were as reactive as those of their heterozygous littermates. Collectively the data show that suramin is a B-cell mitogen in the mouse.
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PMID:Activation of murine B lymphocytes by suramin. 348 56

An interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) cDNA probe and an IL-1 responsive T-cell clone (D10.G4; half-maximal stimulation, 0.1-1 pM) have been used to study the production of IL-1 by primary murine cell populations, particularly macrophages and dendritic cells. Spleen and peritoneal macrophages produced IL-1 mRNA and released biologically active IL-1 when challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Induction of IL-1 was evident over a dose range of 0.01-10 micrograms of LPS per ml, and maximal mRNA levels were maintained from 4 to 20 hr. Several other stimuli did not induce IL-1 in cultured macrophages, including phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, gamma-interferon, Con A, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-3, cachectin, and activated T cells. Activated T cells could markedly reduce the response of peritoneal macrophages to LPS. When other cell types were compared with macrophages, keratinocytes had high levels of IL-1 mRNA, apparently in response to endogenous LPS. However B and T lymphocytes did not yield detectable IL-1 during proliferative responses to LPS and Con A, respectively, while dendritic cells produced little or no IL-1 when challenged with a battery of stimuli. Therefore, IL-1 may not be required for the potent accessory function of dendritic cells in lymphocyte mitogenesis. The results indicate that macrophages and dendritic cells have different secretory capacities. The macrophage is the principal leukocyte that synthesizes IL-1, and select stimuli increase and decrease the levels of macrophage IL-1 mRNA.
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PMID:Induction of murine interleukin 1: stimuli and responsive primary cells. 349 97

Copper(II)(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate)2 (Cu-DIPS), administered subcutaneously to mice at 80 mg/kg body weight, had marked radioprotective activity. Given 3 h before exposure to 8.0 Gy (800 rad) irradiation, Cu-DIPS increased the 42-day survival from 40% to 86%. Seven days after exposure to 8.0 Gy, there were severe reductions in spleen weight (73%) and cellularity (98%) in both Cu-DIPS- and vehicle-treated mice. Viable spleen cells collected 7 days after irradiation were totally unresponsive to mitogenic or antigenic stimulation regardless of Cu-DIPS or vehicle treatment, suggesting that Cu-DIPS did not prevent radiation-induced damage to mature lymphocytes. At 14 days, when Cu-DIPS-treated mice started to show improved survival over vehicle-treated mice, spleen weights and cellularity were 2.5- and 3.5-fold higher, respectively, in Cu-DIPS-treated mice. Treatment with Cu-DIPS not only enhanced splenic repopulation, but also accelerated the reappearance of both B and T cell reactivities. Spleen cell responsiveness to the B cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the T cell mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A), regenerated significantly faster in Cu-DIPS-treated mice. Cu-DIPS also significantly accelerated the regeneration of T-dependent antibody induction. Based on these assays of immunocompetence, Cu-DIPS-treated mice had, on average, a seven-fold greater capacity to respond to immune stimulation than vehicle-treated mice 24 days after irradiation.
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PMID:Copper(II)(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate)2 accelerates recovery of B and T cell reactivity following irradiation. 350 May 2

The effects of the antibiotic acetylspiramycin (ASPM) on lymphocyte function were studied in vitro and in vivo. When added to lymphocyte cultures in vitro, ASPM inhibited splenic lymphocyte transformation induced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and antigen. It also depressed production by spleen cells of the lymphokine inducing procoagulant activity in mouse macrophages. Spleen cells from mice given ASPM orally showed enhanced responses to PHA, but normal responses to LPS. The capacity to produce lymphokine was increased early after oral ASPM and slightly decreased after prolonged administration. Oral ASPM had no effect on the production of antibodies and a very slight enhancing effect on the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells.
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PMID:Acetylspiramycin and the immune system--II. Effects on lymphocyte proliferation, lymphokine production, delayed-type hypersensitivity and antibody production. 379 30

The frequencies of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-reactive B cells and their antibody specificity repertoire have been determined in the spleen and bone marrow (BM) of conventional (CV) and "antigen-free" C3H/HeCr mice of various ages. The antigen-free mice were germfree (GF)-raised and were fed an ultrafiltered solution of chemically defined (CD) low m.w. nutrients, and were thus devoid of exogenous antigenic stimulation. Spleen and BM cells were grown in a limiting dilution culture system that allows the growth and development of every newly formed LPS-reactive B cell into a clone of IgM-secreting cells which are capable of switching to other immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain isotypes (C-gene expression). The secretion of IgM and IgG1 was determined in the protein A plaque assay, whereas specific IgM antibody-secreting cells (V-gene expression) were detected in plaque assays specific for various heterologous erythrocytes and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) coupled with a number of different haptens. The absolute frequency of LPS-reactive B cells and their capacity to switch to IgG1-secretion was not significantly different in 8- to 12-wk-old and 52-wk-old GF-CD mice and their age-matched CV controls. Moreover, no differences were observed in the frequencies of antigen-specific B cells within the pool of LPS reactive B cells. These frequencies ranged from 1 in 20 to 1 in 50 for NIP4-SRBC and NNP2-SRBC, from 1 in 100 to 1 in 150 for NIP0.4-SRBC, from 1 in 50 to 1 in 100 for TNP30-SRBC, and from 1 in 1000 to 1 in 2000 for SRBC and horse red blood cells. Within the limitations of having determined the switching capacity of IgM to IgG1 only and having assessed only a minor fraction of the total B cell antibody-specificity repertoire, the data indicate that young and old GF-CD mice, although devoid of exogenous antigenic and/or mitogenic stimulation, generate B cells with a similar switching capacity and a similar IgM antibody specificity repertoire as CV mice.
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PMID:Frequency analysis of functional immunoglobulin C- and V-gene expression by mitogen-reactive B cells in germfree mice fed chemically defined ultra-filtered "antigen-free" diet. 387 8

Spleen cells from CBA/J or SJL mice sensitized with mouse thyroglobulin (MTg) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be activated in vitro with MTg to transfer experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) to normal syngeneic recipients. EAT induced by these transferred cells was similar in incidence and severity to EAT induced by active immunization of mice with MTg and adjuvant and cells from EAT-resistant Balb/c mice could not be activated to induce EAT. The specific antigen MTg was required both for initial sensitization of the mice and for activation of spleen cells in vitro. The cells that were active in transferring EAT to mice were shown to be T cells. Removal of B cells from the cultured spleen cells had no effect on the ability of the cells to induce EAT.
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PMID:Induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice with in vitro activated splenic T cells. 387 86

The action of the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine (CsA) on anti-DNA B-cell responses was investigated in an in vitro system. Spleen cells from autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr or control BALB/c mice, when cultured at high cell density, spontaneously produced significant amounts of IgM and IgG, including anti-DNA. IgG levels, both total and anti-DNA, were much higher for MRL-lpr/lpr cells compared to BALB/c cells, suggesting similarity of this model system to the in vivo response. For cells of both strains, the production of IgM and IgG anti-DNA was 10- to 100-fold more sensitive to the inhibitory activity of CsA than total immunoglobulin production. The effect was not manifest, however, in cultures stimulated with the B-cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide. These observations suggest that CsA in certain dose ranges preferentially inhibits anti-DNA production, with efficacy determined by the mechanisms promoting B-cell hyperactivity.
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PMID:Inhibition of in vitro anti-DNA B-cell responses by cyclosporine. 387 3


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