Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

At various times after the onset of disease 50 sera of patients with bacteriologically proven salmonella infections were investigated for O-antigen specific antibodies in ELISA and Widal-tests. 21 of these sera were derived from patients with typhoid fever, 10 from patients with gastroenteritis due to various species of salmonella group D and 19 from patients with group B salmonella-gastroenteritis. Additional 44 sera stemming from patients without such infection were included in the investigation as a control. With ELISA the sera were examined for antibodies of the IgM- and IgG-class separately. As antigens lipopolysaccharide W-preparations from S. typhi ("group D-antigen") and S. typhimurium ("group B-antigen") were used in the ELISA. High reciprocal titers (geometric means: 1404, 2560, and 1020) of IgM were demonstrable in sera drawn 11-30 days after onset of the disease with group D- and group B-antigen respectively (Fig. 1, Table 1 and Table 2). With increasing distance of time from the onset of the disease these titers decreased rapidly. The titers of agglutinating antibodies as measured in the Widal-test behaved similarly to those of IgM (Fig. 1, Table 1 and 2), and the correlation between both was high (r = +0.93, Fig. 2). In contrast, titers of IgG-antibodies reached their maximum later, namely 31-60 days after onset of the disease (Table 1), and the correlation to the agglutinin-titers (r = +0.33, Fig. 3) was much lower. In sera of patients with typhoid fever reciprocal titers of IgM against the homogeneous group antigen surmounted those of IgG at the average by about 5 log2-step (mean g: 1404 and 79 respectively) between the 11th and 30th day of disease. At this stage of the disease also sera from patients with gastroenteritis due to both salmonella D or B demonstrated clearly an IgM-dominated ratio. After a period of more than 2 month this ratio was about 1:1 in sera of patients with typhoid fever or with salmonella group D-gastroenteritis, but was clearly IgG-dominated in sera obtained from patients with group B-gastroenteritis. This might be due to the fact that most of the sera classified as "obtained greater than 2 months after onset" stemmed from excreters of salmonella B species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Comparison of the ELISA (lipopolysaccharide) and Widal reactions (O antigen) in the diagnosis of Salmonella infections]. 619 25

A veronal buffer extract of Salmonella typhi was used as the reference antigen and its corresponding rabbit antiserum as the reference antibody in crossed immunoelectrophoresis to analyze antibodies in sera obtained from typhoid patients and carriers. Four precipitating antibodies were regularly detected. Three were against antigens common to other gram-negative bacteria and one appeared to be typhoid specific. Of the three common antigens, one (antigen no. 7) formed a precipitin resembling in mobility and morphology the lipopolysaccharide antigen seen in crossed immunoelectrophoresis analysis of other gram-negative bacteria. The other (antigen no. 19) was heat labile and antigenically similar to the reported common antigen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The third (antigen no. 14), also heat labile, was present in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae but not the family Pseudomonas. The typhoid-specific precipitating antibody present in sera of most typhoid patients and carriers but not patients infected with nontyphoid salmonella was directed to a heat-labile, non-O, non-H, and non-Vi antigen (antigen no. 28), probably protein in nature.
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PMID:Crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis of anti-Salmonella typhi antibodies in sera of typhoid patients and carriers: demonstration of the presence of typhoid-specific antibodies to a non-O, non-H, non-Vi antigen. 619

An enzyme-linked immunoassay was developed for diagnosing enteric fever. The test measured the inhibition of binding between a labelled, monoclonal IgM antibody and the insolubilized antigen, Salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Good discrimination was seen between 32 proven typhoid cases (88.0 +/- 4.4% inhibition) and non-typhoid cases. The latter consisted of 27 febrile patients bacteriologically and serologically (Widal test) found to be negative for typhoid (26.3 +/- 10.8% inhibition), 46 patients screened for syphilis (VDRL test) but found negative (31.2 +/- 13.3% inhibition), and 27 healthy blood donors (44.6 +/- 13.9% inhibition). The test also efficiently detected all 5 known typhoid carriers (90.6 +/- 3.4% inhibition). The antibody binds antigen 9 in the LPS; however, this reaction was inhibited by antibodies directed against both this antigen and an adjacent antigen, 12. Anti-12 antibodies presumably inhibit by steric hindrance and their importance in the test is discussed. Thus, the assay potentially detects (only) those systemic infections caused by salmonellae that possess antigen 9 or 12 (viz. S. typhi and S. paratyphi A).
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PMID:Diagnosis of enteric fever by inhibition assay using peroxidase-labelled monoclonal antibody and Salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide. 620 89

Salmonella typhi 5076-1C, a potential live, oral vaccine for protection against typhoid fever and Shigella sonnei shigellosis, expresses the S. sonnei form I antigen and normal S. typhi somatic antigens. Polysaccharide antigens of this galactose epimeraseless genetic derivative strain were hot phenol-water extracted from cells grown with (+gal) and without (-gal) galactose. Ultracentrifugation of the aqueous layer from (+gal) cells resulted in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pellet having core-linked S. typhi O-antigen but no core-linked form I antigen; the LPS from (-gal) cells lacked O-antigen. The form I antigen, obtained from the supernatant, was purified by alcohol precipitation and ion exchange chromatography. Unlinked form I and S. typhi O-polysaccharide antigens, both present in the (+gal) supernatant, were further separated by gel filtration. Chemical analyses revealed the 5076-1C form I antigen to be a polymer (Mr = 14,000-20,000) having O-disaccharide repeating units comprised of 2-acetamido-4-amino-2, 4,6-trideoxy-D-galactose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-L-altruronic acid. Unlike parental S. sonnei form I LPS, the 5076-1C form I antigen lacked core lipid A, had low phosphorus content, and migrated in polyacrylamide gels with lower relative mobility. In contrast to current concepts of LPS assembly, these data indicate that 5076-1C form I antigen is transported to the cell surface without covalent linkage to core lipid A, and exists as a polymerized, antigenic surface entity.
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PMID:Unusual lipopolysaccharide antigens of a Salmonella typhi oral vaccine strain expressing the Shigella sonnei form I antigen. 637 5

Serum samples from 22 patients with proven typhoid fever, 60 febrile nontyphoidal patients, and 120 healthy subjects were tested for immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM anti-Salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of all three classes of immunoglobulin anti-lipopolysaccharide were higher in typhoid patients than in controls; the test for IgM anti-lipopolysaccharide gave the best discrimination between typhoid and nontyphoidal sera. The absorbance values obtained with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgM anti-lipopolysaccharide were highly correlated to the titers of anti-O agglutinins. However, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was much more specific than the Widal test, and hence it could be a useful tool for the serological diagnosis of typhoid fever with a single blood sample.
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PMID:Serodiagnosis of typhoid fever by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay determination of anti-Salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide antibodies. 638 77

Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, specific for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were evaluated before and after oral immunization with the Ty 21a strain of Salmonella typhi in a group of healthy volunteers. No rise in seric and foecal antibody titres, detected by the ELISA technique, was seen after vaccination. On the contrary, we were able to demonstrate the development of specific cell-mediated immunity, as assayed by the leukocyte migration inhibition test, 21 days after vaccination. This conversion was still present 40 days after the last dose of vaccine. We believe that the Ty 21a strain of S. typhi, recently proposed for immunization against typhoid fever and based on the use of live micro-organisms, is effective due to its ability to induce specific cell-mediated immunity.
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PMID:A preliminary report on the immunological responses after oral vaccine (Ty 21a). 639 32

A crude protein antigen (Barber's antigen) was prepared from Salmonella typhi by mild extraction with veronal buffer followed by repeated precipitation with trichloracetic acid according to the method of Barber. From serological studies and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Barber's antigen was found to be highly heterogeneous and contain both the lipopolysaccharide and Vi antigens in addition to the protein antigens. Nevertheless antibodies specific to the proteins in the Barber's antigen were demonstrated in typhoid patients' sera by radioimmunoassay, indicating that proteins were also a major antigenic component of S. typhi and might play a role during typhoid infection.
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PMID:Antigenic analysis of Barber's protein antigen prepared from Salmonella typhi and demonstration of protein-specific antibodies in sera of typhoid patients. 642 95

The development of cell-mediated immune response to lipopolysaccharide and Barber protein from Salmonella typhi was investigated in patients suffering from typhoid fever. The cell-mediated immunity as measured by the leukocyte adherence inhibition test, was demonstrable in 77% of patients with typhoid fever but only in 5.6% of healthy controls. It was found that cell-mediated immune response appeared after the first week of illness and persisted for at least 4 weeks. The time course development of cell-mediated immune response and humoral immune response was correlated but the magnitude of each response was independent on one another.
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PMID:Immunological study of typhoid fever in man. II Cell-mediated immune response. 680 78

The data are presented on studying the production of antibodies to influenza A (H3N2) virus by lymphoid cells of the amygdaline tonsils and mediastinal lymph nodes in vitro during stimulation of these cells with influenza virus or lipopolysaccharide of typhoid bacteria.
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PMID:[Production of antibodies to influenza virus A by human lymphoid cells in vitro]. 687 60

Serum antibody responses to the lipopolysaccharide and protein antigens of S. typhi in typhoid patients were studied using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay technique. Sera from 24 adult typhoid patients and 20 non-typhoid adult controls were compared. As a group, sera from typhoid patients showed increased IgA, IgG and IgM immunoglobulin levels and gave significantly higher anti-LPS and anti-protein antibody titres in all three major immunoglobulin classes than did non-typhoid controls. Levels of antibodies against LPS or protein in sera of typhoid patients were highly variable with a skew distribution. A good correlation was found between antibody titres to the LPS antigen and those to a protein antigen. No correlation, however, was found between the anti-LPS antibody titres measured by radioimmunoassay and the anti-O antibody titres measured by the Widal agglutination test. Titration of anti-LPS or anti-protein antibodies by radioimmunoassay was found to be more sensitive and specific than Widal test for the serological diagnosis of typhoid fever. The advantages of measuring antibody response by radioimmunoassay over conventional Widal test are discussed.
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PMID:Antibody response to the lipopolysaccharide and protein antigens of Salmonella typhi during typhoid infection. I. Measurement of serum antibodies by radioimmunoassay. 733 77


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