Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of cocaine and LP-BM5 murine leukemia retrovirus infection on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production were investigated. Three types of macrophages were used 1) peritoneal macrophage (PM), 2) thioglycollate induced peritoneal macrophage (TPM), and 3) alveolar macrophage (AM). Cells were cultured with and without cocaine during in vitro stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and gamma-interferon (IFN). Retroviral infection enhanced the TNF production by PM and AM, but not by TPM. Intraperitoneal cocaine injection reduced TNF production by PM, but increased TNF production by AM and TPM. TNF production by AM from cocaine injected mice was stimulated by cocaine applied in vitro. In contrast, 100 micrograms/ml of cocaine in vitro significantly inhibited the TNF production by TPM from uninfected and retrovirally infected mice. Thus, TNF production by macrophages is modulated by murine retroviral infection and cocaine treatment. This could play an important role in host defense.
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PMID:Cocaine modulation in vitro of tumor necrosis factor production by macrophages from retrovirally infected mice. 838 41

We used the retroviral vector PINCO [which expresses the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a selectable marker], to infect growth factor-dependent immature D1 dendritic cells (DC). The efficiency of infection in different experiments was between 5 and 30%, but subsequent cell sorting led to a virtually homogeneous population of GFP-positive cells. Retroviral infection did not modify the immature DC phenotype, as shown by the low expression of major histocompatibility complex and co-stimulatory molecules. Furthermore, the GFP-positive D1 cells underwent full maturation after lipopolysaccharide treatment, as indicated by a high expression of cell-surface MHC and co-stimulatory molecules, and also by strong stimulatory activity in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. The high efficiency of this retroviral system, the rapidity of the technique, and the possibility to overcome in vitro selection make this method very attractive for the stable introduction of heterologous genes into proliferating immature mouse D1 cells. Furthermore, this approach is suitable for functional studies of new DC-specific genes involved in DC maturation and survival.
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PMID:Retroviral gene transfer, rapid selection, and maintenance of the immature phenotype in mouse dendritic cells. 1044 64

The neurogenic potential of the postnatal neocortex has not been tested previously with a combination of both retroviral and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. Here we report that injections of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) retrovirus into 134 postnatal rats resulted in GFP labeling of 642 pyramidal neurons in neocortex. GFP-labeled neocortical pyramidal neurons, however, unlike GFP-labeled glia, did not incorporate BrdU. Closer inspection of retrovirally labeled neurons revealed microglia fused to the apical dendrites of labeled pyramidal neurons. Retroviral infection of mixed cultures of cortical neurons and glia confirmed the presence of specific neuronal-microglial fusions. Microglia did not fuse to other glial cell types, and cultures not treated with retrovirus lacked microglial-neuronal fusion. Furthermore, activation of microglia by lipopolysaccharide greatly increased the virally induced fusion of microglia to neurons in culture. These results indicate a novel form of specific cell fusion between neuronal dendrites and microglia and further illustrate the need for caution when interpreting evidence for neuronogenesis in the postnatal brain.
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PMID:Fusion of microglia with pyramidal neurons after retroviral infection. 1730 2