Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antibody response to a T-cell dependent antigen, sheep erythrocytes and to a B-cell mitogen, purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS), has been studied in mice kept on protein deficient (2 and 4 per cent casein) diets. The number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) to SRBC were 20-5 +/- 7-7 per million spleen cells in protein-deficient animals compared to 261-0 +/- 31-1 in parallel controls maintained on a protein rich diet (18 per cent casein). No difference was observed in number of PFC formed in controls and deficient animals to LPS, values were 161-4 +/- 19-7, 158-5 +/- 14-2, & 162-3 +/- 31-9 in control (18 per cent casein) and deficient groups (4 per cent and 2 per cent casein) respectively. The delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction to SRBC measured in foot pads was significantly lower in mice on 4 per cent casein diet compared to controls. These studies suggest that the effect of protein deficiency is primarily on T-cell function and not on the B-cell response;
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PMID:Depression of T-cell function and normality of B-cell response in protein calorie malnutrition. 40 30

Mutants of Escherichia coli K12, deficient in up to three major outer membrane proteins b, c and d have been constructed. Mutants that lack the lipopolysaccharide sugar heptose are deficient in protein b. All heptose-deficient strains are supersensitive to lysozyme, various antibiotics and detergents. They excrete the periplasmic enzyme ribonuclease I. Mutants deficient in proteins c and/or d have the same sensitivity towards these compounds as the parent strain. Cells of single, double and triple mutants are all rod-shaped. Electrophoretic analysis of cell envelope proteins indicates that in some mutants the protein deficiency is partially compensated for by increased amounts of one or two of the other major outer membrane proteins. Heptose-deficient strains have an increased amount of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate.
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PMID:Heptose-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli K12 deficient in up to three major outer membrane proteins. 78 63

The present studies were performed to determine the effects of severe protein deficiency and subsequent injection of thymosin fraction 5 (TF5) on T and B cell functions. BALB/c mice, 4 weeks old, were fed a normal protein (21%), a low protein (4%) or a protein free (0%) diet and then injected with TF5 or buffer (PBS). A significant increase was observed in the PHA (phytohemagglutinin) and LPS (lipopolysaccharide) induced mitogenesis with increasing age of the well-nourished, PBS injected animals. The severely protein malnourished mice, PBS injected and the well nourished mice, injected with TF5 had smaller increases in both B and T cell mitogenesis with increasing age. TF5 injection of the malnourished mice increased PHA and LPS mitogenesis nearly to the levels of the well-nourished mice. The protein malnourished mice consistently had higher serum corticosteroid levels than controls. No changes in serum corticosteroids were observed with TF5 injection of controls, but there was a significant decrease in the corticosteroid levels of the severely malnourished with TF5 injection. Cytoxicity assays of T cell function, antibody dependent cellular cytoxicity and cytoxicity to mouse thymona tumor cells, in mice fed moderately protein deficient diets showed suppression compared to controls fed 20% protein. TF5 injection partially and temporarily increased these functions in the malnourished mice.
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PMID:Thymosin fraction 5: effects on T cell functions in mice immunosuppressed by severe dietary protein deficiency. 309 92

Muscle glutamine concentration ([GLN]) and protein synthesis rate (Ks) have been examined in vivo in well-fed, protein-deficient, starved, and endotoxemic rats. With protein deficiency (8 or 5% casein diet), [GLN] fell from 7.70 to 5.58 and 3.56 mmol/kg in the 8 and 5% diet groups, with Ks falling from 15.42 to 9.1 and 6.84%/day. Three-day starvation reduced [GLN] and Ks to 2.38 mmol/kg and 5.6%/day, respectively. In all these groups food intakes and insulin were generally well maintained (except in the starved group), whereas free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) was depressed in the starved and 5% protein group. The E. coli lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (3 mg/kg) reduced [GLN] to 5.85 and 4.72 mmol/kg and Ks to 10.5 and 9.10%/day in two well-fed groups. Insulin levels were increased, and free T3 levels fell. Combined protein deficiency and endotoxemia further reduced [GLN] and Ks to 1.88 mmol/kg and 4.01%/day, respectively, in the 5% protein rats. Changes in both ribosomal activity (KRNA) and concentration (RNA/protein) contributed to the fall in Ks in malnutrition and endotoxemia, although reductions in the RNA concentration were most marked with protein deficiency and reductions in the KRNA dominated the response to the endotoxin. The changes in [GLN] and Ks were highly correlated as were [GLN] and both KRNA and the RNA concentration, and these relationships were unique to glutamine. These relationships could reflect sensitivity of glutamine transport and protein synthesis to the same regulatory influences, and the particular roles of insulin and T3 are discussed, as well as any direct influence of glutamine on protein synthesis.
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PMID:Relationship between glutamine concentration and protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle. 313 58

The composition of the cell envelope of a heptose-deficient lipopolysaccharide mutant of Escherichia coli, GR467, was studied after fractionation into its outer and cytoplasmic membrane components by means of sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The outer membrane of GR467 had a lower density than that of its parent strain, CR34. Analysis of the fractionated membranes of GR467 indicated that the phospholipid-to-protein ratio had increased 2.4-fold in the outer membrane. The ratio in the mutant cytoplasmic membrane was also increased, although to a lesser extent. By employing a third parameter, the lipid A content of the outer membrane, it was found that the observed phospholipid-to-protein change in the outer membrane was due predominantly to a decrease in the relative amount of protein. This decrease in protein was particularly significant, since it was concomitant with a 68% decrease in the lipid A recovered in the outer membrane of GR467 relative to the lipid A recovered in the outer membrane of CR34. Similar findings were observed in a second heptose-deficient mutant of E. coli, RC-59. The apparent protein deficiency in GR467 was further studied by subjecting solubilized envelope proteins to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was found that major envelope proteins which were localized in the outer membrane were greatly diminished in GR467. Two revertants of GR467 with the wild-type amounts of heptose had wild-type relative levels of protein in their outer membranes. A partial heptose revertant had a relative level of protein in its outer membrane between those of the mutant and wild type.
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PMID:Alterations in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of heptose-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli. 459 Apr 75

The polyclonal B-cell response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide was studied in C57BL/6 mice maintained after weaning on either a moderate protein-restricted diet with 8% casein or a normal diet. After in vitro or in vivo stimulation with the endotoxin, autoreactive and anti-hapten antibody-producing cells were quantitated by direct plaque assay, using bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes and trinitrophenylated sheep erythrocytes as targets. Larger numbers of plaque-forming cells were generated in cultures of spleen cells from dietary-restricted than from normal mice stimulated with various doses of lipopolysaccharide. The number of background plaque-forming cells was also higher in nonstimulated spleen cell cultures from restricted animals. After injection of lipopolysaccharide in vivo, the number of cells producing antibodies to bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes per 10(7) spleen cells was significantly increased in dietary-deficient mice. The results are discussed in relation to the different sensitivities of lymphocyte populations to protein deficiency and to the possible presence of high levels of endogenous polyclonal B-cell activators in the restricted mice.
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PMID:Polyclonal B-cell response to stimulation with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in dietary protein restriction. 675 15