Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An interleukin 8 (IL-8) homologue has been identified in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The transcript contains an open reading frame of 294 nucleotides that translates into a 97 amino acid putative peptide, with 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTR) of 171 and 453 nucleotides, respectively. As with previously sequenced lamprey and flounder genes, the trout amino acid sequence lacks the typical ELR motif upstream of the first pair of cysteines, where DLR is present. The trout IL-8 gene contains four exons divided by three short introns of 341, 247 and 292bp, and occupies 1824bp of genomic DNA. RT-PCR reveals a low level constitutive expression of the IL-8 homologue in many tissues, including spleen, heart, liver, head kidney and gill. Expression was not detectable in the brain. Whilst no apparent affect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on IL-8 expression was observed in vivo, stimulation of a trout macrophage cell line (RTS-11) with either LPS or poly I:C did result in clear up-regulation of IL-8 expression, detectable by RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis.
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PMID:Identification and analysis of an interleukin 8-like molecule in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. 1190 23

A homologue of interleukin 18 has been identified from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The trout IL-18 gene spans 3.7 kb and consists of six exons and five introns, sharing the same gene organization with its human counterpart. The putative translated protein is 199 amino acids in length with no predicted signal peptide. Analysis of the multiple sequence alignment reveals a conserved ICE cut site, resulting in a mature peptide of 162 amino acids. The trout IL-18 shares 41-45% similarity with known IL-18 molecules and contains an IL-1 family signature motif. It is constitutively expressed in a wide range of tissues including brain, gill, gut, heart, kidney, liver, muscle, skin and spleen. Transcription is not modulated by lipopolysaccharide, poly(I:C) or trout recombinant IL-1beta in primary head kidney leucocyte cultures and RTS-11 cells, a macrophage cell line. However, expression is downregulated by lipopolysaccharide and rIL-1beta in RTG-2 cells, a fibroblast-like cell line. An alternatively spliced form of IL-18 mRNA has also been found and translates into a 182 amino acid protein with a 17 amino acid deletion in the precursor region of the authentic form. This alternatively spliced form is also widely expressed although much lower than the authentic form. Interestingly, its expression is upregulated by lipopolysaccharide and poly(I:C), but is not affected by rIL-1beta in RTG-2 cells. The present study suggests that alternative splicing may play an important role in regulating IL-18 activities in rainbow trout.
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PMID:Identification and expression analysis of an IL-18 homologue and its alternatively spliced form in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 1512 1

Interleukin (IL)-11 is a multifunctional cytokine that stimulates hematopoietic progenitor cells and exerts a series of important immunomodulatory effects. It was believed to be restricted to mammals, but here we report the first nonmammalian IL-11 gene, in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A trout IL-11 cDNA clone was isolated that contains a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 400 bp, an open reading frame of 612 bp and a large 3'-UTR of 1924 bp. Analysis of a genomic DNA clone from a trout lambda library revealed that the trout IL-11 gene has the same five exon/four intron gene organization, as well as the same intron phase, as mammalian IL-11 genes. The 204 amino acid trout IL-11 translation has a predicted signal peptide of 26 amino acids and mature peptide of 178 amino acids, with a calculated molecular mass of 20.5 kDa and a theoretical pI of 9.83. The mature peptide contains a cysteine residue and a potential N-linked glycosylation site that are not present in mammals. Phylogenetic analysis clearly grouped trout IL-11 with IL-11 molecules from other species and separated from other members of the IL-6 family. The IL-11 gene is highly expressed in intestine and gills in healthy fish and its expression can also be detected in spleen, head kidney, brain, skin and muscle. Bacterial infection of rainbow trout markedly up-regulates IL-11 expression in liver, head kidney and spleen. IL-11 expression is also up-regulated in RTS-11 cells (a trout macrophage cell line), which constitutively expressed the lowest level of IL-11 of the four trout cell lines examined, after stimulation with bacteria, lipopolysaccharide, poly(I:C) and recombinant trout IL-1beta. Only a single transcript of 3.2 kb could be detected in lipopolysaccharide or recombinant IL-1beta-stimulated RNA samples by northern blotting. The expression results, showing that IL-11 is widely distributed and modulated by infection and other cytokines, suggest that fish IL-11 is an active player in the cytokine network and the host immune response to infection.
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PMID:Cloning and expression of the first nonmammalian interleukin-11 gene in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. 1572 Mar 88