Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumor necrosis factor is released in the circulation and aqueous humor during endotoxin-induced uveitis, and induces acute uveitis when injected intraocularly in rats. To elucidate the role of tumor necrosis factor in the development of endotoxin-induced uveitis we analysed the effect of neutralizing anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies and of pentoxifylline, a drug that inhibits tumor necrosis factor synthesis. Lewis rats were treated with: (a) a single intracardial injection of polyclonal rabbit anti-murine tumor necrosis factor antiserum prior to foot pad injection of 200 micrograms lipopolysaccharide; (b) an intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg pentoxifylline 1 hr before, at the time of, and 3 hr after foot pad injection of lipopolysaccharide; or (c) an intravitreal injection of 20 to 500 micrograms pentoxifylline together with 1 microgram lipopolysaccharide. The ocular inflammation was examined by slit-lamp and evaluated for the presence of hyperemia, flare, miosis, infiltrating cells or hypopyon. Levels of tumor necrosis factor in serum and aqueous samples were determined using a bioassay. Systemic treatment with either anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies or pentoxifylline resulted in a significant inhibition, 90 and 70% respectively, of serum tumor necrosis factor activity at 3 to 4 hr after lipopolysaccharide injection. Systemic pentoxifylline treatment had no influence on the severity of uveitis. Anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody treatment, in contrast, caused an exacerbation of endotoxin-induced uveitis at t = 20 hr; mean uveitis score 3.9 vs. 1.4 in controls; P < 0.01. Intraocular administration of pentoxifylline together with lipopolysaccharide also had an aggravating effect on uveitis, that was associated with increased levels of intraocular tumor necrosis factor. The results show that inhibition of serum tumor necrosis factor activity does not block the development of endotoxin-induced uveitis. In fact, anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody treatment exacerbates the intraocular inflammation. These findings suggest that tumor necrosis factor may have other than proinflammatory properties in this uveitis model.
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PMID:Systemic anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody treatment exacerbates endotoxin-induced uveitis in the rat. 884 38

This study was conducted to investigate therapeutic value of a soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor, etanercept, in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). Forty-two inbred male Lewis rats were divided into seven equal groups. 200 microg of Escherichia coli 055:B55 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected in one hind footpad of the Groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 rats. Group 5, 6, and 7 rats also received subcutaneous etanercept 24 hr prior to LPS injection at a dose of 0.4 mg kg(-1). Group 1 rats were used as controls. Eight, 24, and 48 hr after treatment clinical uveitis scores (miosis, iris hyperemia, and hypopyon) were assessed by a masked observer and the rats were euthanized. Neutrophil leukocytes, CD8+, CD4+, and CD45RO+ cells in the anterior uveal tissue were counted either after hematoxylin-eosin or monoclonal antibody staining. TNF-alpha levels were also measured in the aqueous humor samples by an ELISA method. Etanercept treatment significantly improved clinical uveitis scores at all examination points compared to the LPS injected animals. The improvement was almost complete expect for the miosis score, since no significant difference was detected between the controls and LPS + Etanercept treated animals at all examination points. Cell counts were also at significantly lower levels in LPS + Etanercept treated animals at all examination points, except for CD8+ and CD45RO+ cell counts at 24 hr examination point. There was no significant difference between the controls and LPS + Etanercept treated animals at all examination points as with CD4+ and CD45RO+ cell counts at 48 hr. Our data showed that etanercept had a definite effect on the treatment of EIU. Further studies should clarify its efficacy on clinical uveitis conditions.
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PMID:Etanercept treatment in the endotoxin-induced uveitis of rats. 1533 98

This report describes the presence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification in a 66-year-old woman. The patient presented with ocular redness and pain, as well as hypopyon in the anterior chamber and reduction of visual acuity to hand motion. Intraocular fluid examination revealed a lipopolysaccharide level of >2.5, which suggested bacterial endophthalmitis. The patient was promptly treated with intravitreal ceftazidime 2 mg and vancomycin 1 mg, as well as intravenous infusion of cefuroxime 750 mg, all administered simultaneously at 12-hour intervals. She also received topical levofloxacin eyedrops, once per hour. Subsequently, pathology culture confirmed the presence of the Gram-negative bacillus, S. maltophilia. The presence of lipopolysaccharide in intraocular fluid is an important early indicator of bacterial endophthalmitis, which can provide guidance for clinical treatment.
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PMID:Intraocular lipopolysaccharide examination for early diagnosis of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endophthalmitis: a case report. 3277 4