Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An enzyme immunoassay involving activation of complement (C-EIA) was developed for rabbit polyclonal IgM antibodies against lipid A and lipopolysaccharide antigens. C-EIA was significantly higher in sensitivity for IgM-rich rabbit sera compared to EIA using anti-immunoglobulin secondary antibodies. Hence, C-EIA should be useful for the detection of weak IgM reactivities in rabbit sera, especially after short-time immunizations. Selective inhibition of both complement pathways indicated that C-EIA measures activation of the classical pathway.
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PMID:A complement-dependent enzyme immunoassay (C-EIA) with increased sensitivity for IgM-rich rabbit sera. 143 Nov 48

Three strains of mice were injected with a T-independent antigen, Escherichia coli 055:B5 polysaccharide (PS) combined with purified saponin, QS-21, isolated from Quillaja saponaria bank. PS was prepared by hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Nine week old mice were injected intradermally with 60 micrograms PS, as determined by an anthrone assay, with or without 15 micrograms QS-21 on days 0 and 14. On day 22 sera were assayed by EIA for PS specific antibodies. Titers were 11-fold higher in CD-1 mice with QS-21. C3H/HeJ (Ipsd) and C3H/HeSnJ (Ipsr) mice also showed an adjuvant associated increase in titer with saponin. Therefore, LPS responsiveness was not required for the adjuvant effect. PS vaccinated C3H and CD-1 mice with and without QS-21 had similar antibody isotype profiles. IgG2b titers accounted for more than half of the total Ig response. IgG2a was next highest followed by IgG3, IgM, IgG1, and IgA. In comparison, CD-1 mice injected with 0.1 microgram intact LPS had a different LPS specific isotype profile. IgG3 was the highest followed by IgG1, IgG2b, IgM, IgG2a, and IgA.
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PMID:A purified saponin acts as an adjuvant for a T-independent antigen. 180 66

Maxillary sinusitis was induced in New Zealand white rabbits by local inoculation of 10(6) colony-forming units of Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343, and the serum IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses to cell wall antigens were studied. Prior to inoculation, and one, two, three and four weeks after induction, serum samples were obtained and analysed for antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide and the capsular polysaccharide. Capsular polysaccharide from B. fragilis ATCC 23745 was used as control. The rise in IgG activity against NCTC 9343 capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide was most marked and sustained throughout the four weeks. The increases in IgA concentration were moderate and sometimes transient, and a more pronounced IgA increase was seen with IFA than with EIA. The IgM peak levels were weak and usually declined within two to three weeks. The development of antibody to the lipopolysaccharide was similar to that of the NCTC 9343 capsular polysaccharide antibodies, though somewhat delayed in time. No significant increase in antibody to the control capsular polysaccharide was seen.
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PMID:Serum antibody response to Bacteroides fragilis in experimental sinusitis. 181 14

Four EIA (enzyme immunoassay) test systems for the detection of salmonella O-antigens in various biological tissues were studied. To find the optimum test system two types of affinity purified antibodies were used to coat the microtitre plates: (i) monospecific antibodies isolated on immunoadsorbent bearing synthetic O-antigen factor 4 (O:4; salmonella serogroup B) as ligand, (ii) antibodies specific for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) B isolated from the IgG fraction of hyperimmune sera. The use of affinity purified antibodies led to an increase in the sensitivity of 'sandwich' EIA by an order of magnitude and to improved specificity. Competitive EIA was ten to twenty times less sensitive. It is demonstrated for the first time that salmonella O-antigens can be detected in the sera of animals within a day after challenge. For patients with salmonellosis, O-antigen could be detected after the fifth day of illness, but in the urine and faeces only (not in the blood serum), in 30%-70% of cases. This substantially improves the identification of salmonellosis from among other enteric infections. In competitive EIA, inhibition of standard antibodies by the sera under study was caused not by the presence of O-antigen but by antibodies homologous to the coating antigen. This resulted in "blocking' of the latter and led to false-positive results. The results obtained enable the optimum EIA technique to be selected to improve the serological diagnosis of salmonellosis with both synthetic salmonella O-antigens and LPS.
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PMID:Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test systems for the detection of Salmonella O-antigen. 213 49

A procedure isolating immunoglobulins specific for common gram-negative bacterial core antigens is described. A polyclonal reagent was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and column affinity chromatography. The initial vaccinal antigen was an Ra mutant Escherichia coli O111:B4 (strain J5). The capture antigen was lipopolysaccharide derived from an Ra mutant, Salmonella typhimurium TV119 covalently-linked to an agarose matrix. Column eluants were characterized in terms of total protein concentration, IgG concentration, and EIA titer recognizing E. coli (J5). Low protein, low IgG, high EIA reading fractions were isolated, demonstrating the utility of the described technique to purify broad spectrum cross-reactive immunoglobulin reagents.
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PMID:Cross-reactive affinity purification of immunoglobulin recognizing common gram-negative bacterial core antigens. 219 Oct 44

The levels of antibodies to disintegrated Bordetella pertussis and its individual fractions (protein and polysaccharide) in children immunized with different batches of adsorbed DPT vaccine have been determined with the use of EIA techniques. The background level of antibodies in the control groups has been determined, and in immunized children the levels of antibodies to disintegrated B. pertussis and its protein fraction have been shown to considerably exceed the levels of antibodies to lipopolysaccharide.
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PMID:[Antipertussis immunity studied by immunoenzyme analysis]. 287 81

The value of several serological tests was assessed by studying sera from 30 women with clinical findings of perihepatitis and a high chlamydial antibody titre in the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The other tests included the complement fixation test and enzyme immunoassays in which the antigen comprised either partially purified particles (EIA kit) or purified major outer membrane protein (MOMP EIA) of Chlamydia trachomatis L2 or lipopolysaccharide isolated from an Re mutant of Salmonella (Re LPS EIA). High IgG titres were noted in most (88-96%) of the patients by MOMP EIA and EIA kit, and in fewer patients (50%) by Re LPS EIA or complement fixation test. Seroconversion was found in 11-44% of the patients for IgG and in 28-36% for IgM; high IgG titre was thus the best diagnostic indicator for each test. The enzyme immunoassay tests have the advantage of being automated either with partially purified corpuscular or purified MOMP antigen and would allow a sensitive easy screening for chlamydial aetiology of women with pain of the right upper quadrant.
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PMID:Comparative sensitivity of different serological tests for detecting chlamydial antibodies in perihepatitis. 389 92

We have generated a human monoclonal antibody with binding specificity for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific peptides using peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from a HCV antibody positive patient. The B-lymphocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 72 hours prior to the fusion. A recently described high efficiency hypo-osmolar electrofusion technique was employed, allowing generation of a large number of human hybridomas. The hybridomas were screened for human immunoglobulin and HCV-specific peptide binding by EIA. A single HCV-positive clone, JRA1, was detected and sub-cloned. Isotype analysis showed it to secrete an IgM lambda monoclonal antibody. The antibody was positive on both first and second generation HCV antibody analysis. This study confirms that viable pathogen-specific B-cells may be recovered from the peripheral blood. Although such cells are likely to be relatively uncommon in the circulating B-cell pool, they may be successfully immortalized by high efficiency electrofusion techniques. This technique might be valuable for the generation of human monoclonal antibodies with specificity for other human pathogens.
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PMID:Generation of a human monoclonal antibody to hepatitis C virus, JRA1 by activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes and hypo-osmolar electrofusion. 749 55

Sera from 45 patients from The Netherlands, Germany and Belgium who had a clinical diagnosis of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) were screened for antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli producing Verocytotoxin (VTEC). Sera from 43 family contacts and 34 control patients were also examined. Using the techniques of EIA and immunoblotting, antibodies to the LPS of Escherichia coli O157 were found in 28 patients, and to the LPS of serogroups O115 and O145 in one patient and one family member respectively. The results of our study suggest that VTEC, and in particular Escherichia coli O157, might be a significant cause of HUS in Western Europe.
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PMID:Serological detection of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in patients with haemolytic uraemic syndrome in western Europe. 769 51

The relative activities of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from four Gram-positive bacteria were compared to different lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations for activation of arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Total eicosanoid was determined in cultures labeled with [3H]-arachidonic acid. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) were determined by EIA analysis. The relative potencies of the different preparations were: smooth LPS from Salmonella abortus > or = Re-LPS from Salmonella minnesota (R-595) > or = LTA from Streptococcus pyogenes approximately Streptococcus faecalis approximately Staphylococcus aureus > or = monophosphoryl lipid A derived from the Re-LPS >> LTA from Bacillus subtilis. Activation of eicosanoid release was inhibited by staurosporin for all of the amphiphiles tested. Treatment of the macrophage cultures with LTA from S. pyogenes, S. faecalis, and S. aureus, either in the presence or absence of indomethacin, desensitized the cells to eicosanoid release on subsequent challenge with LPS. The desensitized cells remained responsive to the phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate. LPS from Gram-negative bacteria has immunostimulatory and endotoxic activities which result, in part, from the release of eicosanoids and other mediators from activated macrophages. The similarities in the patterns of cell activation by LPS and LTA suggest that lipoteichoic acids might contribute to the pathogenicities of Gram-positive bacteria.
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PMID:Activation of arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse macrophages by bacterial amphiphiles. 799 48


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