Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of a study of the interaction of the R-mutants of Sh. flexneri of various chemotypes and shigellae hybrids with a definite genetic characteristics differing by structure of the O-antigen labeled with 3H-glucose, with the cells of the HEp-2 line demonstrated that the presence of the full value lipopolysaccharide structure apparently promoted the fixation of shigellae to the epithelial cells. The rough shigellae strains could retain the capacity to penetrate into the cells and to multiply partially in their cytoplasm, this pointing to the existence of additional factors providing the invasiveness of dysentery bacillae independent of the full value structure of the polysaccharide of their O-antigen.
 ...
PMID:[Interaction with the Hep-2 epithelial cells of Sh. flexneri R mutants and hybrids differing in O antigen structure]. 79 29

A total of 192 samples of serum from 113 Sri Lankan patients with clinical dysentery was examined for antibodies of the IgM class to the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of Shigella dysenteriae-1 and Escherichia coli O157:H7. By means of ELISA and immunoblotting, 59 patients were found to have serum antibodies to the LPS of S. dysenteriae-1 only. Four samples from one patient were found to contain serum antibodies to the LPSs of both S. dysenteriae-1 and E. coli O157:H7. Antibodies to the LPS of S. dysenteriae-1 were also detected in 16 samples from 25 children, from Sri Lanka, with no previous history of dysentery; one of these children also had antibodies to the LPS of E. coli O157:H7. Analysis of 16 samples from apparently healthy children in the U.K. showed that only one serum contained antibodies to the LPS of S. dysenteriae-1. This patient had a history of recent travel to Pakistan. The isolation of S. dysenteriae-1 remains the preferred test for the diagnosis of bacillary dysentery. The use of serology as a means of providing evidence of infection with S. dysenteriae-1, however may prove to be a useful adjunct to cultural techniques but needs to be validated in an area where this organism is endemic.
 ...
PMID:Serological diagnosis of infection by Shigella dysenteriae-1 in patients with bacillary dysentery. 147 63

To study the secretory immune response after Shigella infection, the anti-lipopolysaccharide and anti-Shiga-toxin response in saliva, obtained from children with confirmed shigellosis and healthy children, were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by Western blot. Children with infection showed high titers compared to healthy controls. After Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection a significant change in titer could be observed in a large number of cases, in contrast to Shigella flexneri infection. It appeared that, in children living in endemic areas, infection with one serotype can give a rise in antibody titer to another serotype. This could be ascribed to polyclonal B cell activation since children in endemic areas routinely show relatively high titers to Shigella antigens. We conclude that the dynamics of salivary anti-Shigella LPS and anti-Shiga-toxin in children with dysentery indicate that it can be applied to studies of immune response in shigellosis for epidemiological and vaccination purposes.
 ...
PMID:Shigella-specific IgA in saliva of children with bacillary dysentery. 154 24

A live, oral Shigella vaccine, constructed by transfer of the 140-MDa invasiveness plasmid from Shigella flexneri 5 and the chromosomal genes encoding the group- and type-specific O antigen of S. flexneri 2a to Escherichia coli K-12, was tested in humans. Designated EcSf2a-1, this vaccine produced adverse reactions (fever, diarrhea, or dysentery) in 4 (31%) of 13 subjects who ingested a single dose of 1.0 x 10(9) CFU, while at better-tolerated doses (5.0 x 10(6) to 5.0 x 10(7) CFU), it provided no significant protection against challenge with S. flexneri 2a. A further-attenuated aroD mutant derivative, EcSf2a-2, was then tested. Rhesus monkeys that received EcSf2a-2 in three oral doses of ca. 1.5 x 10(11) CFU experienced no increase in gastrointestinal symptoms compared with a control group that received an E. coli K-12 placebo. Compared with controls, the vaccinated monkeys were protected against shigellosis after challenge with S. flexneri 2a (60% efficacy; P = 0.001). In humans, EcSf2a-2 was well tolerated at inocula ranging from 5.0 x 10(6) to 2.1 x 10(9) CFU. However, after a single dose of 2.5 x 10(9) CFU, 4 (17%) of 23 subjects experienced adverse reactions, including fever (3 subjects) and diarrhea (209 ml) (1 subject), and after a single dose of 1.8 x 10(10) CFU, 2 of 4 subjects developed dysentery. Recipients of three doses of 1.2 to 2.5 x 10(9) CFU had significant rises in serum antibody to lipopolysaccharide (61%) and invasiveness plasmid antigens (44%) and in gut-derived immunoglobulin A antibody-secreting cells specific for lipopolysaccharide (100%) and invasiveness plasmid antigens (60%). Despite its immunogenicity, the vaccine conferred only 36% protection against illness (fever, diarrhea, or dysentery) induced by experimental challenge (P = 0.17). These findings illustrate the use of an epithelial cell-invasive E. coli strain as a carrier for Shigella antigens. Future studies must explore dosing regimens that might optimize the protective effects of the vaccine while eliminating adverse clinical reactions.
 ...
PMID:Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in monkeys and humans of invasive Escherichia coli K-12 hybrid vaccine candidates expressing Shigella flexneri 2a somatic antigen. 158 89

A serological survey to detect antibody titres against Treponema hyodysenteriae was conducted on pigs from 106 herds in Western Australia. Titres indicating a positive result in the tests were determined by examining 400 sera from 4 herds known to be free of swine dysentery, and sera from immunised or experimentally infected pigs. Samples of serum from 40 bacon-weight pigs from each of the 106 herds were then collected at 2 abattoirs. Each serum was tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) against the lipopolysaccharide of T hyodysenteriae of serogroups A, B and E, respectively. To assist in evaluating the test, 19 herds were resampled and retested, and faecal samples from 17 herds were cultured for T hyodysenteriae. Thirty-five of the 106 herds (33%) had serological evidence of infection when only one batch of sera from each herd was tested. The ELISA to detect T hyodysenteriae infection in herds using 40 sera was estimated as having a sensitivity of 77.3% and a specificity of 81.8% based on the owners' opinion of their herds disease status. Prevalence of infection within herds ranged from 2.5% to 47.5%, with a mean of 18%.
 ...
PMID:A serological survey to determine the prevalence of infection with Treponema hyodysenteriae in Western Australia. 160 88

Acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 18 Thai patients and convalescent-phase sera from two Israeli patients and one Bangladeshi patient with Shigella dysenteriae 1 (Shiga) dysentery were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies that bind S. dysenteriae lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Shiga holotoxin, or two synthetic peptides representing epitopes from the B subunit of Shiga toxin. Paired sera from 24 Maryland adults with Shigella flexneri 2a or Shigella sonnei diarrhea served as negative controls. Of the 16 paired Thai serum samples tested for immunoglobulin G LPS antibody, 10 had greater than or equal to 4-fold rises (the two subjects with the highest convalescent-phase titers exhibited toxin-neutralizing activity); acute-phase specimens from four of the remaining six individuals already had elevated Shiga LPS titers in their acute specimens ranging from 1:800 to 1:12,800. Similarly, convalescent-phase sera from the two Israeli patients and the Bangladeshi patient revealed LPS titers of 1:800 to 1:3,200. In contrast, none of the Maryland volunteers with S. flexneri or S. sonnei diarrhea manifested rises in Shiga anti-LPS (P less than 0.00001 versus 10 of 16 Thai patients). Only 4 of the 18 Thai patients had significant rise in antibody to purified Shiga toxin, while one of the two Israeli patients and the one Bangladeshi patient had elevated convalescent-phase titers. None of the sera that reacted with Shiga holotoxin had antibody that bound to the peptides. This report, which describes a search for serum antibodies that bind Shiga toxin in patients with Shiga dysentery, demonstrates such antibodies in only a minority of patients with bacteriologically confirmed disease. During Shiga dysentery, Shiga toxin may be elaborated in such small quantities in vivo that it fails to elicit an immune response in most patients even though it may exert biological effects. In this behavior Shiga toxin resembles tetanus toxin, another potent exotoxin that fails to elicit antitoxic responses in people who recover from clinical tetanus.
 ...
PMID:Antibodies to shiga holotoxin and to two synthetic peptides of the B subunit in sera of patients with Shigella dysenteriae 1 dysentery. 162 17

Following a foodborne outbreak of Salmonella dysentery in a group of 79 women and 4 men, 6 individuals were found to have reactive arthritis (ReA). None of the affected individuals had the classical genetic marker HLA B27 although 2 of the 6 had CREG antigens. IgA antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide of the causative organism, Salmonella heidelberg, were found to be elevated in those patients with active ReA compared to those with inactive ReA or those who had dysentery but did not develop ReA. The lymphocyte proliferative response to both PHA and the whole S. heidelberg organism was impaired in the patients with ReA (active or inactive) compared with the non-ReA patient controls. In this predominantly female outbreak of Salmonellosis, the development of ReA lacked an association with HLA class I antigens commonly recognized.
 ...
PMID:Immunoepidemiology of post-Salmonella reactive arthritis in a cohort of women. 164 56

Only indirect evidence has been cited to document that lipopolysaccharide-mediated virulence at the bacterial level and serum antibodies to the O-specific side chain of the lipopolysaccharide molecule may prevent shigellosis. Our proposed use of the B subunit of Shiga toxin as a carrier protein is based upon evidence (even more indirect) that serum antitoxin may reduce the severity of dysentery and diarrhea. Because animal models of disease may provide information inapplicable to the prediction of vaccine-induced protective immunity, we suggest that clinical trials in the population at risk should be started after successful completion of the safety and immunogenicity phases of vaccine development in laboratory animals and in the target population. Clinical studies of shigella vaccines are difficult because of the many causes of dysentery in a population with a high rate of intestinal disease.
 ...
PMID:O-specific side-chain toxin-protein conjugates as parenteral vaccines for the prevention of shigellosis and related diseases. 204 64

According to the literature and the authors' data in patients who died of dysentery Shigellae are found seldom because of postmortem shedding of superficial colonic epithelium infected by them. Shigella adhesion and invasion into the colonocytes are regularly found in the colon biopsies. As shown recently in experiments, Shigella outer membrane proteins forming "contact haemolysin" ("virulence plasmid" product) are responsible for their invasion. In the small intestine this cytotoxin is destroyed by trypsin, therefore Shigella invasion takes place in the large intestine where it also lyses vacuole membranes around the bacteria in colonocytes. Widespread cytopathic alterations of the epithelium with a damage to ribosome and protein synthesis, disturbance of vascular permeability and fluid hypersecretion in the small intestine result from Shiga-like enterotoxin-cytotoxin. Extent of the inflammatory leukocyte response depends on the degree of Shigella invasion and multiplication and the destruction of the epithelium. Damages to the endothelium and blood coagulation system resulting occasionally in the infectious-toxic shock, are associated with Shigella destruction by leukocytes and absorption of lipopolysaccharide endotoxin released by them. Interepithelial lymphocytes especially those containing lysosome-like granules (similar to the blood "natural killers") play an important role in the response to Shigella.
 ...
PMID:[Current views on the pathomorphology and pathogenesis of dysentery]. 228 80

Water extracts of Escherichia coli "O" and "K" antigen test strains (EPEC, ETEC, EIEC, UPEC) were examined in immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis tests. The precipitation arcs corresponding to the O-antigen specificity and to the thermostable polysaccharide K antigen were easy to identify. All strains gave an O antigen precipitation arc found either on the anodic or the cathodic side of application basin and close to this. The so-called enteropathogenic types (from infantile diarrhoea) had a cathodic O antigen arc type; from dysentery-like disease had a negatively charged O-antigen, but no special thermostable K-antigen. Thus E. coli strains which may invade the tissues when conditions allow have a negatively charged surface antigen, either O-antigen lipopolysaccharide or both. Acidic components were found in the anodic O-antigen.
 ...
PMID:[Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of Escherichia coli strains (EPEC, ETEC, EIV and UPEC) (1)]. 244 16


1 2 3 4 Next >>