Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Benzotrichloride (BTC), benzal chloride (BDC), benzyl chloride (BC) and benzoyl chloride (BOC) were surveyed for their mutagenicity in microbial systems such as rec-assay using Bacillus subtilis and reversion assays using E. coli WP2 and Ames Salmonella TA strains with or without metabolic activation in vitro. BTC and BDC required metabolic activation for their mutagenic activities in several strains of E. coli and Salmonella. The mutagenic metabolites of these compounds may not have been produced by hydrolysis. BC was weakly mutagenic without metabolic activation. Only BOC exhibited no mutagenic activity in the detection procedures used. The mutagenic metabolite of BTC might be very unstable under our experimental conditions. The strain E. coli WP2 try hcr was more sensitive than E. coli B/r WP2 try (hcr+) with regard to the mutagenicity of BTC.
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PMID:Mutagenicity of benzotrichloride and related compounds. 10 69

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed for the detection of IgG antibody to Salmonella enteritidis in poultry flocks. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and heat-extracted (HE) antigen for use in the ELISA were evaluated together with the rapid slide test (RST), microagglutination test (MT) and the microantiglobulin (MAG) test. In experimentally infected specific pathogen free chickens, good correlation was seen between all tests although, generally, the MT and MAG detected antibody earlier and titres peaked earlier than the ELISAs. The LPS antigen detected antibody earlier than the HE antigen but the latter gave higher titres in the later stages of infection. Cross reactions were seen between S enteritidis and S typhimurium in the ELISAs although homologous reactions were always much higher. Antisera to S montevideo or S senftenberg gave weak positive reactions in both S enteritidis ELISAs. Serological and bacteriological examinations of representative samples from two commercial chicken flocks were carried out. In flock A the HE-ELISA and MAG test detected antibody in nearly all birds. The LPS-ELISA detected antibody in over 60 per cent of birds, while the MT and RST detected few seropositive birds. The whole blood test using the stained S pullorum antigen on the farm detected antibody in just under 25 per cent of the birds. S enteritidis was isolated from the organs of 25 per cent of the birds. All birds in flock B were seronegative by all tests; no salmonellae were isolated from the organs of these birds.
Vet Rec 1991 Jan 26
PMID:Development and application of an ELISA for detecting antibodies to Salmonella enteritidis in chicken flocks. 182 1

Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) induces endothelial injury in arterial vessels. Fibronectin is known to be involved in cell attachment and wound repair. The present study was designed to elucidate the effect of LPS on the production and distribution of fibronectin in relation to injury and repair in rat aortic endothelium. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed for ultrastructural and immunocytochemical evaluations at 1, 3, 6, 24, and 48 hr after a single intravenous injection of 1.5 or 3 mg/kg body weight E. coli LPS. Apparent morphological signs of endothelial injury, including cell detachment, denudation, cell death, and edema were observed 1-48 hr after injection. Parietal thrombosis and leukocyte diapedesis were also observed in the aorta. A profound increase in subendothelial fibronectin was found following LPS treatment. However, no distinct change in intracellular fibronectin was observed in the same endothelium until 24 hr after injection. Using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and anti-fibronectin-HRP antibody as tracers, LPS was also found to increase permeability and extravasation of plasma proteins (fibronectin) of the aortic endothelium. The increase of subendothelial fibronectin possibly resulted from increased influx and sequestration of plasma fibronectin. This increase may provide a firm substratum for reendothelialization after vascular injury.
Anat Rec 1991 Jan
PMID:Endotoxin-induced endothelial injury and subendothelial accumulation of fibronectin in rat aorta. 199 87

An indirect ELISA has been developed to detect Salmonella typhimurium antibodies in chicken sera, using whole bacterial cell protein, flagellar protein or lipopolysaccharide as antigens. In experimental infections high concentrations of S typhimurium-specific IgG persisted after the faecal excretion of S typhimurium had ceased, whereas the specific IgM response was transitory. Some uninfected chickens placed in contact with experimentally infected birds developed high IgG titres in the absence of detectable faecal excretion. Other S typhimurium strains, which varied in their invasive abilities, also induced high titres of IgG. The ELISA allowed chickens infected experimentally with S typhimurium to be differentiated from chickens infected with 10 other serotypes, including S enteritidis. The use of whole blood in place of serum in the ELISA reduced the titres slightly. The storage of serum dried on to filter paper strips for four weeks produced little change in ELISA antibody titre, and the treatment of such strips with phenol or chloroform vapour had little or no effect on the antibody titre.
Vet Rec 1990 May 26
PMID:Antibody response to experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection in chickens measured by ELISA. 219 54

Mice were immunized subcutaneously with thymus-independent (TI)-type 1 antigen trinitrophenylated lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS), TI-type 2 antigen TNP-Ficoll or thymus-dependent (TD) antigen TNP-keyhole limpet haemocyanin (TNP-KLH) in order to study the primary in situ immune response in popliteal lymph nodes (PLN) and spleen. The spleen responded more rapidly in developing specific antibody-forming cells (AFC) than the lymph nodes did, in spite of the fact that antigens reach the spleen only after passing several lymph node stations. This difference between lymph nodes and spleen in developing AFC was particularly significant with respect to the responses to TI (both type 1 and type 2) antigens. No differences in the distribution of specific AFC in PLN and spleen were observed after immunization with TI and TD antigens. Results are discussed with respect to the relative contributions of lymph nodes and spleen to immune responses to antigens injected subcutaneously.
Anat Rec 1989 Feb
PMID:Primary in situ immune response in popliteal lymph nodes and spleen of mice after subcutaneous immunization with thymus-dependent or thymus-independent (type 1 and 2) antigens. 271 42

Macrophages migrate through a fibrin-rich extracellular matrix in chronic inflammation, wound healing, and other pathophysiological processes. To investigate the factors that might influence the ability of mononuclear phagocytes to invade fibrin matrices, we cultured macrophage-like P388D1 cells as well as resident and thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages on three-dimensional fibrin gels, and we examined the effect of agents known to stimulate a variety of macrophage functions, including the production of fibrinolytic enzymes. Cells grown on fibrin gels under control conditions, as well as cells treated with either bacterial lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A, remained confined to the gel surface. In contrast, the tumor promoter 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced both P388D1 cells and peritoneal macrophages to invade the underlying fibrin matrix. The invasive behavior of PMA-treated P388D1 cells was not affected by protease inhibitors of various specificities. These results demonstrate that certain exogenous signals can profoundly modify the ability of macrophages to migrate through fibrin matrices.
Anat Rec 1988 Jan
PMID:Phorbol ester stimulates macrophage invasion of fibrin matrices. 334 83

The induction of cell differentiation by a combination of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3], recombinant gamma-interferon (rec gamma-IFN), and a lipopolysaccharide from E. coli (LPS) was studied in a clonal population (clone-9) of human promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cells in vitro. Treatment of clone-9 cells with 10(-9) to 10(-7)M 1,25-(OH)2D3 yielded a macrophage cell differentiation. The addition of 10 or 100 U/ml of gamma-IFN and 2 or 10 micrograms/ml LPS caused a further increase in expression of the different differentiation markers. The most pronounced effects involved increases in cell attachment to the surface of tissue-culture Petri dishes and in lysozyme, nonspecific esterase, and cytolytic activities. The combined treatment with 1,25-(OH)2D3 and rec gamma-IFN and LPS also caused an increase in the percent of multinucleated giant cells. These results indicate the effectiveness of combining different agents in inducing cell differentiation in HL-60 cells. A similar approach may be useful in controlling myeloid leukemias in vivo.
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PMID:Recombinant gamma-interferon and lipopolysaccharide enhance 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced cell differentiation in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. 392 56

A novel form of bacterial variation found in an FhuA- mutant of Escherichia coli K12 was characterized by the alternation of (1) simultaneous resistance to lipopolysaccharide-specific phage U3 and to FhuA-specific agents (Ufr phenotype); and (2) a return to the sensitivity pattern of the initial strain (Ufs). In Ufr cells, loss of the U3 receptor permitted C21 adsorption without modifying the sensitivity to other tested phages or colicins. Genetic analysis revealed that Ufr variants were altered at two distinct loci. Ufr bacteria, though derived from a strain F- devoid of classical gene transfer mechanisms, were transiently able to promote mating between themselves and, to some extent, with other bacteria, including Rec-. Heterogenic matings resulted in the formation of persistent heterozygotes segregating Ufr- and Ufs-like bacteria. Pedigree analysis and subcloning of heterozygotic isolates indicate that they were diploids, as was the initial Ufr strain. Functional genetic complementation between these two genomes was only transient and the alternative forms were likely to result from the expression of a single chromosome of the heterozygotes. Mutation occurred in either form without causing any change in the alternative form.
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PMID:Ufr/s variation in Escherichia coli K12: a reversible double-mutation or alternate chromosome expression in non-complementing diploids? 799 44

An experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was induced in female CD rats by the intravenous administration of living bacteria (9.5 x 10(7) cfu Klebsiella pneumoniae), sublethal (5 mg/kg) or lethal (50 mg/kg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or tissue factor (1.5 micrograms/kg i.v. bolus or 0.4 micrograms/kg x hr i.v. infusion). We used a new fibrin monomer (FM) assay to follow the course of DIC. FM were detected by their ability to stimulate the tissue-type (t-PA) plasminogen activator dependent conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by a chromogenic assay. Miniplasminogen was used instead of plasminogen to avoid interference of the assay by alpha 2-antiplasmin. As a marker of DIC, elevated levels of FM were observed with all DIC-inducing agents (plasma levels were up to 90 micrograms/ml). The kinetics of FM formation were similar to the course of thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) levels (maximal plasma levels 70 ng/ml); however, in the bacterial infection group, both parameters rose after a lag phase of about 1 hr. A 4 hr infusion of the highly specific thrombin inhibitor recombinant (rec.) hirudin (0.125 mg/kg x hr) resulted in a decrease of FM levels from 89.2 +/- 14.4 micrograms/ml in the LPS group (n = 10) to 27.4 +/- 11.2 micrograms/ml in the rec. hirudin group (n = 10; P < 0.001). The respective values for TAT levels were 73.1 +/- 19.7 micrograms/ml in the LPS group and 52.7 +/- 15.7 ng/ml in the rec. hirudin group (P < 0.001). Other coagulation parameters, such as platelets, fibrinogen, and fibrin(ogen) degradation products, were ameliorated accordingly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Formation of fibrin monomers in experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation and its inhibition by recombinant hirudin. 805 64

A novel composite hypertonic solution for intravenous use was tested in two experimental models, one of endotoxic shock and one of shock linked with dehydration, both in anaesthetised calves. Endotoxic shock was induced with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and was characterised by a low cardiac output, hypoxaemia, acidosis and anuria. Treatment with a small volume of the solution increased cardiac output, improved oxygen carriage, corrected acidosis and stimulated renal function. Experimental dehydration in calves was induced by intraperitoneal mannitol and frusemide diuresis, and was characterised by reduced circulating plasma volume, acidosis and poor peripheral perfusion. Treatment with the new solution corrected the acidosis and stimulated peripheral circulation significantly better than treatment with hypertonic or isotonic saline alone, and also expanded the calves' plasma volume. The new solution was also compared with conventional fluid therapy in clinical small animal practice. Twenty cats and dogs with clinical shock were treated with either small volumes of the hypertonic solution or large volumes of isotonic fluids. The animals treated with small volumes of the hypertonic solution responded better than the animals treated with large volumes of isotonic fluid.
Vet Rec 1993 Dec 11
PMID:A hypertonic infusion in the treatment of experimental shock in calves and clinical shock in dogs and cats. 811 68


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