Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P43026 (lipopolysaccharide)
 62,215 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rabbit antiserum against mouse brain tissue (anti-brain-associated T cell antigen, anti-BAT) was capable of killing splenic natural killer (NK) cells of CBA/J, BALB/c, C 57 Bl/6J, C 3 H/He and nude mice, which were detected with Molony virus-induced lymphoma (YAC-1) and radiation-induced leukemia (RL male 1) cells as targets. The same antiserum abolished T cell functions, e.g. carrier-specific helper function and the responsiveness to concanavalin A, but not B cell functions, e.g. immunological memory for the secondary antibody response and the responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide. After absorption of the anti-BAT with thymocytes, the ability to kill T cells was completely abrogated, leaving the activity to kill NK cells intact. No other heterologous and isologous antisera, i.e. rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte antiserum, goat antiserum against antigens shared by thymus and B cells, anti-Thy-1.2 and anti-Ia antisera, could eliminate NK function regardless of their definite reactivity against T or B cells. The results indicate that the absorbed anti-BAT can distinguish NK cells from other known subsets of T and B cells.
 ...
PMID:Surface markers on natural killer cells of the mouse. 31 6

The frequency of normal murine B lymphocytes initiating growth in diluted suspension cultures in the presence of a B cell mitogen, such as lipopolysaccharide, can be increased approximately 10(4) fold by the addition of 2 X 10(6) normal thymus cells per ml. This increase in the frequency of growing cells by thymus cells can also be observed with X63-AG8 myeloma tumor cells secreting IgG1. Thus thymus cells may not contribute growth-stimulating factors, but may supply growth-supporting factors. Culture medium and plastic dishes can be conditioned by preincubation with thymus cells for a day after which the thymus cells may be omitted from further culture for maximal B cell growth. Irradiation of thymus cell abolishes their growth-enhancing properties. Thymus cells can be syngeneic and allogeneic with the growing B cells. The frequency of growing LPS-reactive, normal B cells in spleen of 6-8 week old C3H/Tif mice was determined by limiting dilution analysis to be one of three splenic B cells. With this limiting dilution analysis, it was also shown that the cloning efficiency of XB3-AG8 myeloma tumor cells in suspension culture in the presence of thymus cells is practically 100%. Analysis of the growth kinetics of single clones of LPS-reactive, normal B cells shown that these B cells divide every 18 hr. Within the first 126 hr of growth, every B cell in the clone divides, and every dividing B cell in this clone secretes sufficient immonoglobulin to form a hemolytic plaque. The conditions of in vitro suspension cultures of murine B lymphocytes are therefore perfect to the extent that every B cell capable of growth will grow as a single clone.
 ...
PMID:Clonal growth and maturation to immunoglobulin secretion in vitro of every growth-inducible B lymphocyte. 31 12

The administration of soluble mouse thyroglobulin (MTg) in conjunction with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) led to the termination of natural tolerance to MTg in mice. The extent of autoimmunity correlated with responsiveness to MTg, previously shown by the injection of MTg in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to be dependent upon the H-2 haplotype. In good responder B10.BR (H-2k) mice given MTg either with LPS or in CFA, high antibody levels to MTg and extensive mononuclear cell infiltration in the thyroid were observed. In contrast, congenic poor responder B10.D2 (H-2d) mice given MTg plus LPS showed low levels of antibody to MTg, compared to those receiving MTg in CFA, and insignificant cellular infiltration of the thyroid. In no instance did autoimmunity develop in either good or poor responder strain given MTg, LPS, or CFA along although LPS was antigenic in both of these congenic strains. Since the genetic difference in responsiveness to MTg is known to be T-cell based, the involvement of T cells in LPS-treated mice was suspected. This was further ascertained by the use of athymic poor responder (BALB/c) mice and thymectomized, irradiated, and bone marrow-reconstituted B10.BR mice. Antibodies to MTg were detected only in heterozygous (nu/+) mice and good responder mice reconstituted with both thymus and bone marrow cells. In addition, significant cellular infiltration in the thyroid occurred only in fully reconstituted good responder mice. Thus, the adjuvant effect of LPS on responsiveness to MTg required T cells. Since unmodified MTg and LPS abrogated selftolerance to MTg, the need for cross-reactive T cells could be excluded. These observations suggest the presence of self-reactive T cells.
 ...
PMID:Induction of autoimmunity in good and poor responder mice with mouse thyroglobulin and lipopolysaccharide. 32 6

Peripheral lymphocytes responsive to stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in culture have been quantitated following treatment of mice with anti-thymocyte serum (ATS), total body irradiation or corticosteroids. The ATS reduced the number of PHA-responsive cells in both blood and spleen, and induced splenomegaly, but it had little deleterious effect on spleen-borne LPS-responsive cells. In contrast, the spleens of mice treated with hydrocortisone acetate were atrophied and the remaining cells had a reduced LPS response and an enhanced PHA response. Total body irradiation impaired both PHA and LPS responsiveness in the spleen. Recovery of PHA responsiveness after either irradiation or ATS treatment was prolonged and was dependent on the presence of an intact thymus; recovery of LPS responsiveness after corticosteroid treatment was more rapid and was thymus-independent.
 ...
PMID:Effects of irradiation, anti-thymocyte serum and corticosteroids on PHA and LPS responsive cells of the mouse. 32 22

Adjuvanticity of nystatin, one of the polyenic antifungal antibiotics having as its primary target the membrane sterol of eukaryotic cells, was investigated by examining its effect on several functions of mouse spleen cells relevant to immunological phenomena in vitro. Nystatin was found to stimulate significantly DNA synthesis in thymus-independent (B) cells but not in thymus-dependent (T) cells. Like the other B-cell mitogens such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), nystatin elicited nonspecifically polyclonal antibody synthesis in mouse spleen cell cultures, and also restored antibody response of T cell-deficient spleen cells of congenitally athymic nude mice to heterologous erythrocytes (RBC; thymus-dependent antigen). Thus, nystatin and LPS appeared to cause similar changes in the functions of spleen cells relevant to immunological events. However, antagonism but no additive effect in the adjuvanticity was revealed between the two adjuvants. As an interesting finding, the polyclonal generation of anti-RBC antibody-forming cells (AFC) in the spleen cell cultures by stimulation with B-cell mitogen, i.e., either nystatin or LPS, was not inhibited at all by inclusion of any anti-RBC antiserum, whereas, as is well known, the generation of AFC by stimulation with the antigen was specifically suppressed by the corresponding antiserum, indicating a difference in the genesis between the mitogen-induced AFC and the antigen-induced AFC.
 ...
PMID:Mechanisms of the adjuvant effect of nystatin on in vitro antibody response of mouse spleen cells: indication of nystatin as a B-cell mitogen and as a stimulant for polyclonal antibody synthesis in B cells. 32 15

C3H/HeJ mice do not respond to the polyclonal B-cell activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli; this was first described by Sultzer who observed that mice of this strain did not respond to an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of LPS as measured by the accumulation of leukocytes in the peritoneal cavity. Neither were C3H/HeJ mice as susceptible to LPS toxcitiy (1). It was later reported that LPS-induced mitogenesis (2,3), adjuvanticity (4), and the appearance of Ia antigens on B lymphocytes as induced by LPS, (5) was also absent in C3H/HeJ mice. However, lymphocytes from these mice respond normally to the polyclonal B-cell activators purified protein derivative of tuberculin (2,6) and dextran sulfate and have also been reported to respond normally to concanavalin A (Con A) (2). Furthermore, the immune responses to sheep erythrocytes (7) and soluble thymus-dependent antigens (4) are normal in C3H/HeJ mice. Unresponsiveness to LPS in C3H/HeJ mice has been found to Be due to a defect in a single gene or a set of linked genes (3,8) which has been mapped between the major urinary protein locus and the locus coding for polysyndactyly on chromosome 4. (1) We have reported that injection of LPS into mice of an LPS-responsive strain causes a shift in the Con A dose-response curve of cultured spleen cells, suppressing the low does response (9). Therefore, we tested the Con A proliferative response in cultures of normal or LPS-activated spleen cells from LPS-responder (C3H/Tif) and LPS-nonresponder (C3H/HeJ) mice. We report here that C3H/HeJ spleen cells respond poorly to low concentrations of Con A (0.05-0.1 mug/ml). Injection of LPS 2 days before culture inhibits the response to low doses of Con A in cultures of C3H/Tif spleen cells but has no inhibitory effect on the dose response profile of C3H/HeJ spleen cells. Furthermore, the low dose Con A response of spleen cells is dependent upon the presence of an Ia-positive cell. (2) The role of Ia-positive cells in the Con A response of C3H/Tif and C3H/HeJ spleen cells is described.
 ...
PMID:Genetic control of lymphocyte activation: lack of response to low doses of concanavalin A in lipopolysaccharide-nonresponder mice. 33 Jul 92

The effect of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), known to enhance and prolong both cellular and humoral responses to thymus dependent (TD) antigens, was studied with regard to the cellular response in BALB/c mice to the thymus independent lipopoly-saccharide antigen of Escherichia coli O138, a porcine pathogen. Techniques based on immunocytoadherence (ICA), inhibition of ICA with an antiserum to the brain-associated theta alloantigen, immune adherence and macrophage migration inhibition, were used in this study. Apart from enhancing the rosette forming cell response, it is suggested that FCA appears to promote the action of the lipopolysaccharide on assembled macrophages with subsequent release of humoral factors which, in turn, activate T cells with consequent cell-mediated response.
 ...
PMID:The effect of Freund's complete adjuvant on the cellular immune response in mice to a porcine strain of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. 33 29

Immunization of mice with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the appearance of B memory cells in the thymus. In this paper the origin of these B memory cells was investigated. Therefore, mice primed with either SRBC or LPS 6 months previously and nonprimed mice were joined for parabiosis. Four weeks later the parabiotic mice were separated from each other. Another 3 weeks later thymus cells from the primed and nonprimed mice were transferred separately into lethally irradiated mice in order to determine the adoptive PFC response. It was found that the 4-week period of parabiosis could account for the appearance of a distinct population of B memory cells in the thymus of the nonprimed mice. This result suggest that the B memory cells which appear in the thymus belong to the pool of potentially circulating memory cells.
 ...
PMID:B memory cells in the thymus: part of the pool of potentially circulating memory cells. 33 72

Chemical sympathectomy induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) suppressed the secondary immune response of mice to a T-cell (thymus derived lymphocyte) dependent antigen, sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Treatment with 6-OHDA on the day of the secondary injection of SRBC resulted in depression of hemagglutinin titers to the antigen, while treatment with 6-OHDA on the day of the primary injection of SRBC had no effect upon the secondary response to the antigen. In addition, 6-OHDA treatment did not suppress the primary immune response to a T-cell independent antigen, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These results suggest that it is the T-cells which are mainly affected by chemical sympathectomy. Significant non-specific toxicity was not observed with 6-OHDA 100mg/kg, the dose of which suppressed the primary and the secondary immune response to SRBC.
 ...
PMID:Suppressed immune response to T-cell dependent antigen in chemically sympathectomized mice. 33 26

Morphological changes of the splenic white pulp in athymic nude mice (nu/nu) and their normal littermates (nu/ + ) following intraperitoneal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide were studied by light and electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and autoradiography. Early blast formation and subsequent appearance of IgM-containing cells were observed by 72 h and at 120 h, respectively, in the periarteriolar sheath of nu/nu mice and in the follicular area of nu/ + mice. Ultrastructural details of blasts and the time course of their development were similar in both nu/nu and nu/ + mice. Lymphoblasts showed a large nucleus with a prominent nucleolus, many polysomes and poorly developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Plasmablasts had a nucleus with coarse heterochromatin and copious cytoplasm filled with dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. Generally, lymphocytes proliferated and differentiated through lymphoblasts to plasmablasts by 72 h and finally to plasma cells at 120 h. However, this development was asynchronous since lymphoblasts, plasmablasts and plasma cells were observed simultaneously at 72 h. It was suggested that a B cell subset responsive to bacterial lipopolysaccharide matures to antibody-forming cells in the thymus-dependent area in nu/nu mice and in the thymus-independent area in nu/ + mice.
 ...
PMID:In vivo maturation of B cells in the spleen of nude mice following administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. 34 Mar 88


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>