Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P42574 (caspase-3)
 45,978 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Apaf-1 apoptosome is a multi-subunit caspase-activating scaffold that is assembled in response to diverse forms of cellular stress that culminate in apoptosis. To date, most studies on apoptosome composition and function have used apoptosomes reassembled from recombinant or purified proteins. Thus, the precise composition of native apoptosomes remains unresolved. Here, we have used a one-step immunopurification approach to isolate catalytically active Apaf-1/caspase-9 apoptosomes, and have identified the major constituents of these complexes using mass spectrometry methods. Using this approach, we have also assessed the ability of putative apoptosome regulatory proteins, such as Smac/DIABLO and PHAPI, to regulate the activity of native apoptosomes. We show that Apaf-1, caspase-9, caspase-3 and XIAP are the major constituents of native apoptosomes and that cytochrome c is not stably associated with the active complex. We also demonstrate that the IAP-neutralizing protein Smac/DIABLO and the tumor-suppressor protein PHAPI can enhance the catalytic activity of apoptosome complexes in distinct ways. Surprisingly, PHAPI also enhanced the activity of purified caspase-3, suggesting that it may act as a co-factor for this protease.
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PMID:Analysis of the composition, assembly kinetics and activity of native Apaf-1 apoptosomes. 1510 27

During apoptosis, cytochrome c is released from mitochondria to the cytosol, where it binds Apaf-1. The Apaf-1/cytochrome c complex then oligomerizes either into heptameric caspase-9-activating apoptosome, which subsequently activates caspase-3 and caspase-7, or bigger inactive aggregates, depending on the availability of nucleotide dATP/ATP. A tumor suppressor protein, PHAPI, enhances caspase-9 activation by promoting apoptosome formation through an unknown mechanism. We report here the identification of cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein (CAS) and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) as mediators of PHAPI activity. PHAPI, CAS, and Hsp70 function together to accelerate nucleotide exchange on Apaf-1 and prevent inactive Apaf-1/cytochrome c aggregation. CAS expression is induced by multiple apoptotic stimuli including UV irradiation. Knockdown of CAS by RNA interference (RNAi) in cells attenuates apoptosis induced by UV light and causes endogenous Apaf-1 to form aggregates. These studies indicated that PHAPI, CAS, and Hsp70 play an important regulatory role during apoptosis.
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PMID:PHAPI, CAS, and Hsp70 promote apoptosome formation by preventing Apaf-1 aggregation and enhancing nucleotide exchange on Apaf-1. 1843 2

Structurally diverse small molecules, including 5-(2-benzofuryl)-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (BETT), have been identified via high-throughput screening as activators of caspase-3 in HeLa cell extracts. However, little is known about their mechanism of action. In this study, we investigate how BETT regulates prothymosin alpha (ProT), a nuclear protein previously shown to play essential roles in apoptosis. We first showed that Apaf-1 is the direct target protein of BETT. We further demonstrated that BETT relieved ProT-mediated inhibition of apoptosome formation by blocking the interaction between Apaf-1 and ProT. Using two-dimensional (1)H-(15)N heteronuclear single-quantum correlation (HSQC) experiments, we were also able to examine the interaction between Apaf-1 and (15)N-labeled ProT alpha. Furthermore, we were able to reconstitute the entire caspase-3 activation pathway using purified ProT, Apaf-1, procaspase-9, procaspase-3, Hsp70, cytochrome c, PHAPI, CAS, and regulatory compounds to mimic stress-induced apoptosis in vitro. Together, these studies would lead to novel and specific methods for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human cancer.
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PMID:Novel small molecules relieve prothymosin alpha-mediated inhibition of apoptosome formation by blocking its interaction with Apaf-1. 2012 Oct 50