Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P42574 (caspase-3)
 45,978 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In recent years, it has been reported that bisphosphonates inhibited the cell cycle of myeloma cells to inhibit cell proliferation directly, and it was also reported that bisphosphonates induced apoptosis of myeloma cells in vitro. Recently, YM529 was developed as a new third-generation bisphosphonate. In our experiment, we investigated whether YM529 showed an antitumor effect on hematopoietic tumor cell lines other than myeloma, and we compared YM529 with YM175, which had a relatively more potent antitumor effect than that of existing bisphosphonates. We found that YM529 inhibited cell proliferation in various hematopoietic tumor cell lines (acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60, chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562, histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937, lymphoblastic leukemia T cell line Jurkat, acute lymphoblastic leukemia T cell line MOLT-4, lymphoblastic leukemia B cell line CCRF-SB) including myeloma (myeloma cell line HS-Sultan) dose-dependently and time-dependently to a degree equivalent or superior to that in myeloma, and induced apoptosis at a lower concentration as compared with YM175. We confirmed many dead cells as well as apoptosis based on the detection of the nuclei with separate globular structure, the activation of caspase-3, and the decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Therefore, it is concluded that further utilization of YM529 can be expected against hematopoietic tumor cells in the future.
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PMID:Apoptosis-inducing effect of a new bisphosphonate, YM529, on various hematopoietic tumor cell lines. 1252 Jan 82

We studied the mechanism of the cytotoxic effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT; induction with 1 mM ALA for 4 h followed by a blue light dose of 18 J/cm(2)) on the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60 using biochemical and electron microscopy methods. The disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, deltapsi(m), was paralleled by a decrease in ATP level, unmasking of the mitochondrial antigen 7A6, release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, activation of caspases 9 and 3 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). This was followed by DNA fragmentation. These data suggest that ALA-PDT activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The level of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-binding chaperones ERp57 and ERp72 and of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) was decreased whereas that of Ca(2+)-binding protein calmodulin and the stress protein HSP60 was elevated following ALA-PDT. Inhibition of the initiator caspase 9, execution caspase 3 and Ca(2+)-dependent protease m-calpain, did not prevent DNA fragmentation. We conclude that, in our in vitro model, ALA-based photodynamic treatment initiates several signaling processes in HL60 cells that lead to rapidly progressing apoptosis, which is followed by slow necrosis. Two apoptotic processes proceed in parallel, one representing the mitochondrial pathway, the other involving disruption of calcium homeostasis and activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated pathway.
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PMID:Mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptotic pathways are activated by 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy in HL60 leukemia cells. 1263 80

Recently, it was suggested the potential role of gamma-tocopheryl quinone (gamma-TQ), an oxidative metabolite of gamma-tocopherol, as a powerful chemotherapeutic agent, since it was shown that this molecule exerts powerful cytotoxic effects, induces apoptosis and escapes drug resistance in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia and promyelocytic leukemia cells. We have studied the apoptogenic potential of gamma-TQ in cultured human leukemia HL-60 and colon adenocarcinoma WiDr cells, and in murine thymoma cells growing in vivo in ascites form. The cells were treated with gamma-TQ and apoptosis was evaluated morphologically by acridine-orange staining and cytofluorimetrically by Annexin V binding assay. gamma-TQ-induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner in all the cell types tested, although HL-60 and thymoma cells were much more sensitive than WiDr cells. In HL-60 cells apoptosis was mediated by the activation of the caspase-3 cascade. In particular, we observed a time- and dose-dependent increase in the activities of the upstream caspase-9 and caspase-8 and of the downstream caspase-3. The activation of caspase-9 preceded that of caspase-8 and its specific inhibition completely prevented apoptosis. These findings and data showing the precocious release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, a decrease in Bcl-2, and a change in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Delta psi(m)), all suggest that the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway is primarily involved in the development of gamma-TQ-induced apoptosis. The late activation of caspase-8 and data showing the partial cleavage of pro-apoptotic protein BID suggest that the initial activation of caspase-9 may be potentiated by a feedback amplification loop involving the caspase-8/BID pathway.
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PMID:gamma-Tocopheryl quinone induces apoptosis in cancer cells via caspase-9 activation and cytochrome c release. 1266 1

Arsenic can induce apoptosis and is an efficient drug for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Currently, clinical studies are investigating arsenic as a therapeutic agent for a variety of malignancies. In this study, Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cell lines served as model systems to characterize the role of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in arsenic-induced apoptosis. Arsenic rapidly down-regulated constitutive IkappaB kinase (IKK) as well as NF-kappaB activity and induced apoptosis in HRS cell lines containing functional IkappaB proteins. In these cell lines, apoptosis was blocked by inhibition of caspase-8 and caspase-3-like activity. Furthermore, arsenic treatment down-regulated NF-kappaB target genes, including tumor necrosis factor-alphareceptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1), c-IAP2, interleukin-13 (IL-13), and CCR7. In contrast, cell lines with mutated, functionally inactive IkappaB proteins or with a weak constitutive IKK/NF-kappaB activity showed no alteration of the NF-kappaB activity and were resistant to arsenic-induced apoptosis. A direct role of the NF-kappaB pathway in arsenic-induced apoptosis is shown by transient overexpression of NF-kappaB-p65 in L540Cy HRS cells, which protected the cells from arsenic-induced apoptosis. In addition, treatment of NOD/SCID mice with arsenic trioxide induced a dramatic reduction of xenotransplanted L540Cy Hodgkin tumors concomitant with NF-kappaB inhibition. We conclude that inhibition of NF-kappaB contributes to arsenic-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of the IKK/NF-kappaB activity might be a powerful treatment option for Hodgkin lymphoma.
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PMID:Inhibition of NF-kappaB essentially contributes to arsenic-induced apoptosis. 1267 92

Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) has been found to be remarkably effective in the treatment of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Although evidences for the proapoptotic activity of As(2)O(3) have been suggested in leukemic and other solid cancer cells, the nature of intracellular mechanisms is far from clear. In the present study, we investigated As(2)O(3) affect on the stress-responsive signaling pathways and pretreatment with antioxidants using HepG2 cells. When treated with micromolar concentrations of As(2)O(3), HepG2 cells became highly apoptotic paralleled with activation of caspase-3 and members of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) but not p38 MAP kinase. However, inhibition of each kinase activity failed to inhibit apoptosis by As(2)O(3). Addition of n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) effectively protected cells from apoptosis and significantly lowered As(2)O(3)-induced activation of caspase-3. However, neither NAC nor DPI was able to effect ERK or JNK activation induced by As(2)O(3). Guanidinoethyldisulfide dihydrochloride (GED) and 2-ethyl-2-thiopseudourea (ETU), known inhibitors of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), also suppressed the apoptotic activity of As(2)O(3). These results suggest that As2O3 induces caspase-mediated apoptosis involving a mechanism generating oxidative stress. However, activation of some stress-responsive signaling pathways by As(2)O(3) may not be the major determinant in the course of apoptotic processes.
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PMID:Arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis is independent of stress-responsive signaling pathways but sensitive to inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase in HepG2 cells. 1275 11

Herba houttuyniae has been used as a constituent of herval medicine prescriptions for the treatment of inflammation, cancer, and other diseases. In the present study, we investigated the cellular effects of herba houttuyniae extract (HHE) and the signal pathways of HHE-induced apoptosis in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line. HHE treatment caused apoptosis of cells as evidenced by discontinuous fragmentation of DNA, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol, activation of procaspase-9 and caspase-3, and proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Pretreatment of Ac-DEVD-CHO, caspase-3 specific inhibitor, or cyclosporin A, a mitochondrial permeability transition inhibitor, completely abolished HHE-induced DNA fragmentation. Together, these results suggest that HHE possibly causes mitochondrial damage leading to cytochrome c release into cytosol and activation of caspases resulting in PARP cleavage and execution of apoptotic cell death in HL-60 cells.
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PMID:Herba houttuyniae extract induces apoptotic death of human promyelocytic leukemia cells via caspase activation accompanied by dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release. 1275 12

The mechanism by which apoptosis is induced by local anesthetic bupivacaine, a potent uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, was investigated. In promyelocytic leukemia cells HL-60, bupivacaine induced formation of apoptotic bodies and DNA fragmentation in a time- and dose-dependent manner similar to typical apoptosis inducers. Caspase-3, -8 and -9, which play a pivotal role in the initiation and execution of receptor- or mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, were all clearly activated by bupivacaine in good correlation with the degree of DNA fragmentation. However, bupivacaine did not induce either mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) or release of cytochrome c in experiments with isolated mitochondria. These results suggest that an indirect action of bupivacaine on mitochondria occurs and that other mechanisms may be involved in bupivacaine-induced apoptosis. To obtain additional information concerning the mechanism of action involved in bupivacaine-induced apoptosis, a microarray analysis of gene expression in bupivacaine-treated HL-60 cells was carried out. Several apoptosis-related genes were found to be transcriptionally regulated by bupivacaine using a high-density cDNA microarray. The expression levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), c-jun and c-fos genes were remarkably up-regulated and those of c-myc and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) were down-regulated in bupivacaine-treated cells. These results are of value in developing a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of bupivacaine-induced apoptosis leading to neuro- or myotoxicity.
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PMID:Biochemical and microarray analyses of bupivacaine-induced apoptosis. 1282 May 40

Anthocyanidins are the aglycon nucleuses of anthocyanins, which are reddish pigments widely spread in colored fruits and vegetables. To investigate their anti-cancer effect, induction of apoptosis was tested in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60), which is a valid model for testing antileukemic or general antitumoral compounds. Of six anthocyanidins representing the aglycons of most of anthocyanins, only those with an ortho-dihydroxyphenyl structure on the B-ring induce apoptosis, suggesting that the ortho-dihydroxyphenyl structure of anthocyanidins may contribute to the induction of apoptosis. Delphinidin, the most potent inducer, causes apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The efficacious induction of apoptosis was observed at 100 micro M for 6 h. Concomitant with the apoptosis, delphinidin stimulates JNK pathway activation including JNK phosphorylation and c-jun gene expression, and activates caspase-3. Antioxidants including N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and catalase effectively block delphinidin-induced JNK phosphorylation, caspase-3 activation, and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, anthocyanidins directly cause HL-60 cells to generate intracellular hydrogen peroxide. Thus, anthocyanidins may trigger an apoptotic death program through an oxidative stress-involved JNK signaling pathway. The induction of apoptosis by anthocyanins may be the pivotal mechanism by which its chemopreventive action against cancer is based.
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PMID:Anthocyanidins induce apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia cells: structure-activity relationship and mechanisms involved. 1288 7

The influence of carboplatin alone and carboplatin in combination with cytoprotective agent amifostine on the growth, caspase 3 activity and some apoptotic genes expression was investigated in vitro in human acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Proliferation of HL-60 cells exposed to carboplatin dropped down with increasing dose of the drug. This effect was slightly higher when carboplatin was used in combination with amifostine. The cytotoxic index (IC50) was estimated as 6.6 and 4.4 x 10(-4) M (after 24 h) and 3.3 and 2.5 x 10(-5) M (after 48 h) for carboplatin and carboplatin with amifostine, respectively. This effect was accompanied by induction of caspase 3 activity. HL-60 cells treated with carboplatin alone showed about 120-fold increase in caspase 3 activity. Combination of carboplatin with amifostine induced the enzyme activity up to 280 times. Furthermore, the expression of bcl-2, c-myc and bax genes involved in apoptosis as well as p65, which function in this process is unknown, were determined. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed a decrease in bcl-2 and an increase in bax, c-myc and p65 expression in HL-60 cells treated with carboplatin in combination with amifostine as compared to the cells treated only with carboplatin. We conclude that amifostine may potentiate carboplatin therapeutic efficiency towards human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells.
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PMID:Induction of caspase 3 and modulation of some apoptotic genes in human acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells by carboplatin with amifostine. 1292 51

High concentrations (greater than 5 microM) of arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) have been reported to be able to induce apoptosis in several malignant cells. We explored cell lines in which apoptosis was induced with a therapeutic concentration (1-2 microM) of As(2)O(3), and found that 1 microM of As(2)O(3) induced apoptosis in the NKM-1 cell line, which was established from a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (M2). Apoptosis induced by 1 microM of As(2)O(3) in NKM-1 cells was accompanied by an increased cellular content of H(2)O(2), a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim), and activation of caspase-3. C-Jun-terminal kinase (JNK) was activated only in NKM-1 cells and arsenic-sensitive NB4 cells, but not in arsenic-insensitive HL-60 cells. Activation of JNK in NKM-1 was sustained from 6 to 24 h after As(2)O(3) treatment, and preceded changes in cellular H(2)O(2), Deltapsim, and caspase-3 activation. Moreover, addition of a JNK inhibitor reduced the percentage of apoptotic cells after the As(2)O(3) treatment. Taken together, in the M2 cell line NKM-1, 1 microM of As(2)O(3) induced sustained activation of JNK and apoptosis. This finding may provide a basis to select a subgroup other than acute promyelocytic leukemia, which can benefit from As(2)O(3) treatment.
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PMID:Sustained activation of c-jun-terminal kinase (JNK) is closely related to arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in an acute myeloid leukemia (M2)-derived cell line, NKM-1. 1293 Dec 15


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