Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P39060 (endostatin)
 2,284 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The respiratory metabolism of Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h(-), a fission, haplontic, "petite negative" yeast, was studied. Glucose and glycerol are good growth substrates and are oxidized under appropriate conditions. l-Lactate, ethanol, malate, and succinate are oxidized but are poor substrates for growth. d-Lactate and pyruvate are neither oxidized nor used for growth. Limited growth was observed under anaerobic conditions. The addition of 0.3% KNO(3) to a rich medium relieves the oxygen requirement. A continuous increase of cell respiration during growth on repressive concentration of glucose was observed, suggesting the presence of glucose repression of respiration. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), succinate, alpha-glycerophosphate, and ascorbate plus tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine are oxidized by a mitochondrial fraction. NADH and succinate oxidations are inhibited by antimycin A and NaCN but not by rotenone, suggesting the absence of the phosphorylation site I and the presence of sites II and III. The effects of several mitochondrial inhibitors on growth and respiration indicate that the requirement of an oxidant for growth is related neither to the functioning of the respiratory electron transport chain nor to the formation of respiratory energy. The previously suggested correlations between the nonviability of vegetative "petites" mutants, the absence of repression of respiration by glucose, and the incapacity to grow under anaerobic conditions are thus not strictly valid for S. pombe.
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PMID:Respiratory metabolism of a "petite negative"yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-. 439

Streptomyces venezuelae S13 produced a pH-indicating sporulation pigment on a glucose-salts-agar medium consisting of glucose, KNO(3), MgSO(4), and Na(2)HPO(4), pH 7. Pigmentation on this medium appeared to be closely associated with sporulation, which normally required 5 to 7 days at 30 C. The pigment was soluble in water as well as in a number of organic solvents. Butanol-extracted pigment exhibited absorption maxima at 430 and 520 nm at pH 3 and 12, respectively. Although many salts of organic acids and amino acids could replace glucose as the sole carbon source in basal salts-agar medium for growth and pigmentation, most sugars that were tested supported good growth but negligible pigmentation. Among the nitrogenous substances tested, KNO(3) was most desirable for pigmentation. The organism did not exhibit any specific requirements for divalent cations with respect to growth and pigmentation. In the absence of MgSO(4), however, glucose-salts-agar prepared by autoclaving all components together failed to support growth. The production of the sporulation pigment on glucose-salts-agar was comparable to that obtained on tomato paste-oatmeal-agar medium. Incorporation of partially purified pigment material into broth medium that did not normally support sporulation induced sporulation, and amino acid-salts-agar medium could induce vegetative mycelia to pigment when transferred from medium that did not support either pigmentation or sporulation.
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PMID:Production of a sporulation pigment by Streptomyces venezuelae. 457 87

Endostatin is a novel antiangiogenic agent currently in phase I trials. In the context of this trial, we are evaluating the use of non-invasive imaging with PET to determine the relationship between tumor blood flow and glucose metabolism in imaged tumors from treated patients.Ten patients have been treated with escalating daily iv Endostatin doses of 30 to 180 mg/m(2). PET images were obtained before the start of therapy and again after 28 days of treatment. Each patient was scanned with Oxygen-15 labeled water for estimation of tumor blood flow and Flourine-18 labeled FDG to estimate tumor metabolic activity. In most cases, two distinct tumor-bearing sites were analyzed in each patient. Thus, a total of 19 tumors were imaged. Regional blood flow and standard uptake values (SUV) were computed at baseline and 28 days post treatment and the percentage change in blood flow and SUV plotted as a function of Endostatin dose.Both blood flow and glucose metabolism in the imaged tumors were observed to increase in patients treated with </=60 mg/m(2)/d, but became uncoupled in the tumors imaged from patients treated at the 180 mg/m(2)/d dose level. Thus, in patients receiving Endostatin at a dose of 180 mg/m(2)/d, blood flow decreased but glucose metabolism increased. This relationship is displayed in Figure 1 below.
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PMID:9:00-9:15. Antiangiogenic Treatment with Endostatin Results in Uncoupling of Blood Flow and Glucose Metabolism in Human Tumors. 1115 Jul 54

The number of viable Escherichia coli in a young, actively growing culture is decreased approximately 99.9 per cent by a 30 second exposure to 25 phig. streptomycin/ml. The injury induced by the antibiotic is only potentially lethal, however, and may be reversed by subculture within 5 minutes into fresh culture medium, NH(4)NO(3), NH(4)Cl, (NH(4))(2)HPO(4), NH(4) citrate, and NH(4) tartrate. Subculturing into water, glucose, or MgSO(4) results in a more marked decrease in the number of viable organisms. In KNO(3), NaNO(3), K(2)HPO(4), and Na(2)SO(4) solutions reversal occurs first, followed by a rapid decrease in viability. True reversal of the streptomycin injury takes place, as demonstrated by the rapid rate of recovery to the viable count of the original culture. Development of resistance has been eliminated as the cause of regrowth since the streptomycin sensitivity of recovered cultures remained the same as that of the original culture. The use of water as diluent for viability determinations potentiates the lethal effect of streptomycin activity. Several compounds, at various dilutions, substituted for water as the diluent gave rise to four types of responses, group I, NH(4)NO(3), NH(4)Cl, KNO(3), NaNO(3), Ca(NO(3))(2), showed complete reversal of the streptomycin injury at all levels of the salts tested, from 0.01 to 0.5 M concentrations. Group II, NaCl and K(2)HPO(4) showed complete reversal at 0.03 and 0.1 M. Group III, glucose and urea allowed complete reversal at 0.5 M. Group IV, glycerol and glycerine showed no reversal at 0.5 M concentration. The reversal of the streptomycin injury to young actively growing bacteria is suggested as a tool for studying the pathology of the injury to the cells.
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PMID:Reversal of the streptomycin injury of Escherichia coli. 1321 97

Levinson, Hillel S. (U.S. Army Natick Laboratories, Natick, Mass.), and Mildred T. Hyatt. Effect of sporulation medium on heat resistance, chemical composition, and germination of Bacillus megaterium spores. J. Bacteriol. 87:876-886. 1964.-Bacillus megaterium spores, grown on variously supplemented media, had varying concentrations of P, Ca, Mn, or dipicolinic acid. Supplementation with CaCl(2) yielded spores with increased heat resistance; addition of l-glutamate, l-proline, or increase of the phosphate concentration yielded spores with reduced heat resistance. Germination characteristics depended on both the sporulation medium and the germinant (glucose, l-alanine, l-leucine, or KNO(3)); pronounced differences were demonstrable with glucose and l-alanine, which trigger germination via different metabolic pathways. An increase in CaCl(2) during sporulation yielded spores with increased germination in glucose but not in l-alanine. Germination in l-alanine was optimal with spores produced on media containing 0.1 mm MnCl(2), but germination of such spores was minimal in glucose. An increase in the sporulation medium phosphate decreased the initial germination rate in glucose, but not in l-alanine. Spores produced in CaCl(2)-supplemented media had increased heat-activation requirements (increased dormancy) for germination induced by l-alanine, and decreased heat-shock requirements for glucose-induced germination. An increase of sporulation phosphate yielded spores with reduced dormancy for germination induced by l-alanine, but with unchanged dormancy on the other germinants. Spores produced with added l-glutamate had reduced dormancy for glucose-induced germination, and increased dormancy for germination induced by l-alanine. Addition of CaCl(2) or l-glutamate to the sporulation medium yielded spores with increased sensitivity to "ionic germination" (with KI). Spores from synthetic medium were incapacitated for full postgerminative development, as shown by repression of the changes in oxygen-uptake rate which accompany normal cell division.
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PMID:EFFECT OF SPORULATION MEDIUM ON HEAT RESISTANCE, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND GERMINATION OF BACILLUS MEGATERIUM SPORES. 1413 27

Hyatt, Mildred T. (Quartermaster Research and Engineering Center, Natick, Mass.) and Hillel S. Levinson. Conditions affecting Bacillus megaterium spore germination in glucose or various nitrogenous compounds. J. Bacteriol. 83:1231-1237. 1962.-The possibility that there is more than one metabolic pathway for triggering germination of Bacillus megaterium spores was investigated. Spores were germinated in seven different "physiological germinants" under varying conditions of concentration, pH, combinations of germinants, temperature before and during germination, and chemical inhibition. l-Alanine and l-valine appear to induce germination via the same metabolic pathway (same inhibitors are effective, similar germination rate and temperature requirements); and glucose and glucosamine also appear to act similarly, but by a different pathway than l-alanine and l-valine. The other germinants, l-leucine, l-proline, and KNO(3), do not correspond in all respects either to the glucose-glucosamine or to the alanine-valine pair in response to the different germination conditions. It is concluded that B. megaterium spore germination occurs via more than one pathway.
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PMID:Conditions affecting Bacillus megaterium spore germination in glucose or various nitrogenous compounds. 1445 Mar 8

Blood transfusions are associated with recurrence of solid cancers. Angiogenesis is essential for cancer growth. Our aim was to determine for the first time in a prospective cohort study the effect of prestorage allogeneic leucodepleted SAGM (saline, adenine, glucose, mannitol) red cell transfusion on angiogenic factor levels and in vitro angiogenesis. Forty pretransfusion adult hospital inpatients were selected consecutively. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin were measured in each patient before and after prestorage allogeneic leucodepleted SAGM red cell transfusion. All samples were exposed to an in vitro endothelial cell proliferation assay and 10 sample groups were also exposed to an in vitro whole angiogenesis assay. The median number of units transfused was 2 (minimum-maximum, 2-4). Twenty-nine (73%) patients had a rise in VEGF, with an overall increase of 118 pg/ml (quartiles -5, 306; P < 0.01). Twenty-eight (70%) patients had a decrease in endostatin, with an overall reduction of 1.2 ng/ml (quartiles 4.0, 0.0; P = 0.017). There was an overall 33% increase in endothelial cell proliferation (P < 0.01) and a 9.4% increase in in vitro whole assay angiogenesis (P < 0.01). Prestorage allogeneic leucodepleted SAGM red cell transfusions are associated with a favourable angiogenic factor imbalance and an elevation in in vitro angiogenesis.
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PMID:Enhanced angiogenesis following allogeneic blood transfusion. 1505 7

Accumulation of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) in Nostoc muscorum was studied. Cells harvested at stationary phase of growth depicted maximum accumulation i.e. 8.6% (w/w) of dry cells as compared to lag (4.1%) or logarithmic (6.1%) phases of cultures. In contrast to alkaline pH, acidic pH, continuous illumination and cells grown in presence of combined nitrogen sources, such as NH(4)Cl and KNO(3), were found to affect PHB accumulation negatively. However, P-deficiency and addition of exogenous carbon sources (acetate, glucose, maltose, fructose and ethanol) were found stimulatory for PHB accumulation. In this report PHB accumulation in N. muscorum was boosted up to 35% (w/w) of dry cells when cells supplemented with 0.2% acetate were subjected to dark incubation for 7 days. Further studies are needed at metabolic engineering level or to apply genetic engineering techniques to improve the expression level of PHB photoproduction in cyanobacteria.
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PMID:Accumulation of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in Nostoc muscorum: regulation by pH, light-dark cycles, N and P status and carbon sources. 1573 19

Therapeutic targeting of the tumor vasculature that destroys preexisting blood vessels of the tumor and antiangiogenesis therapy capitalize on the requirement of tumor cells on an intact vascular supply for oxygen and nutrients for growth, expansion and metastasis to the distal organs. Whereas these classes of agents show promise in delaying tumor progression, they also create glucose and oxygen deprivation conditions within the tumor that could trigger unintended prosurvival responses. The glucose-regulated protein GRP78, a major endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, is inducible by severe glucose depletion, anoxia, and acidosis. Here we report that in a xenograft model of human breast cancer, treatment with the vascular targeting agent, combretastatin A4P, or the antiangiogenic agent, contortrostatin, promotes transcriptional activation of the Grp78 promoter and elevation of GRP78 protein in surviving tumor cells. We further show that GRP78 is overexpressed in a panel of human breast cancer cells that has developed resistance to a variety of drug treatment regimens. Suppression of GRP78 through the use of lentiviral vector expressing small interfering RNA sensitizes human breast cancer cells to etoposide-mediated cell death. Our studies imply that antivascular and antiangiogenesis therapy that results in severe glucose and oxygen deprivation will induce GRP78 expression that could lead to drug resistance.
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PMID:Vascular targeting and antiangiogenesis agents induce drug resistance effector GRP78 within the tumor microenvironment. 1599 54

The angiogenesis system has been implicated in inflammatory and neoplastic processes; nevertheless, it has been little studied in relation to the pleural space. Our aim is to analyze pleural and plasma levels of the activators--vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblastic growth factor, and inhibitors--endostatin and thrombospondin-1 and to estimate the association between these factors and related biochemical markers. We analyzed pleural fluid from 105 patients with one of the following types of pleural effusion: empyema or complicated parapneumonic, non-complicated parapneumonic, tuberculous, neoplastic and transudative. Angiogenesis activators were higher in exudates than in transudates (p < 0.001) and in empyema than in non-complicated parapneumonic patients (p < 0.001). Endostatin showed no significant differences. Trombospondin-1 showed higher levels in exudates than in transudates and in empyema than in non-complicated parapneumonic effusions (p < 0.001). In pleural exudates there was a positive correlation of angiogenesis activators and trombospondin-1 with low glucose and pH and high LDH. There was no correlation between pleural and plasma levels of the angiogenesis factors. We conclude that exudative pleural effusions showed higher vascular endothelial growth factor, basic-fibroblastic growth factor and trombospondin-1 values than transudative effusions that associated to low glucose and pH, and high LDH. There was no correlation between pleural and plasma concentrations, suggesting a compartmentalized response.
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PMID:Angiogenic factors and angiogenesis inhibitors in exudative pleural effusions. 1607 40


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