Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P39060 (endostatin)
 2,284 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recombinant mouse endostatin produced by mammalian cells was shown to bind to heparin with a K(d) of 0.3 microM, suggesting that this interaction may play a role in its anti-angiogenic activity. Alanine mutagenesis demonstrated that a major site of four clustered arginines (positions 155, 158, 184 and 270) and a second site (R193, R194) are essential for binding. The same epitopes also participate in endostatin binding to heparan sulfate and sulfatides but not in its binding to the extracellular protein ligands fibulin-1 and fibulin-2. Analyses with various heparin fragments demonstrated a minimum size (12mer) for efficient binding to endostatin and a crucial role of 2-O- and 6-O-sulfation. Furthermore, a substantial proportion (10-50%) of heparan sulfate chains obtained from various tissues showed a distinct binding to endostatin, indicating its potential to interact with extracellular and/or membrane-bound proteoglycans. Angiogenesis induced by basic fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), but not by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay could be inhibited by endostatin in a dose-dependent manner. The mutational block of heparin binding decreased endostatin inhibition to low levels but elimination of zinc binding had no effect.
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PMID:Structural basis and potential role of heparin/heparan sulfate binding to the angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin. 1056 36

Hyatt, Mildred T. (Quartermaster Research and Engineering Center, Natick, Mass.) and Hillel S. Levinson. Conditions affecting Bacillus megaterium spore germination in glucose or various nitrogenous compounds. J. Bacteriol. 83:1231-1237. 1962.-The possibility that there is more than one metabolic pathway for triggering germination of Bacillus megaterium spores was investigated. Spores were germinated in seven different "physiological germinants" under varying conditions of concentration, pH, combinations of germinants, temperature before and during germination, and chemical inhibition. l-Alanine and l-valine appear to induce germination via the same metabolic pathway (same inhibitors are effective, similar germination rate and temperature requirements); and glucose and glucosamine also appear to act similarly, but by a different pathway than l-alanine and l-valine. The other germinants, l-leucine, l-proline, and KNO(3), do not correspond in all respects either to the glucose-glucosamine or to the alanine-valine pair in response to the different germination conditions. It is concluded that B. megaterium spore germination occurs via more than one pathway.
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PMID:Conditions affecting Bacillus megaterium spore germination in glucose or various nitrogenous compounds. 1445 Mar 8

Excised 7-day-old oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Jaycee) leaves were incubated in media containing 7.1 millimolar KNO(3) and 0.15 millimolar tabtoxin or 1 millimolar methionine sulfoximine (MSO) to investigate the sources of the observed ammonium accumulated. Tabtoxin and MSO are known inhibitors of glutamine synthetase, the first enzyme in the primary pathway of ammonium assimilation. During a 4- to 6-hour incubation, there was little net change in protein or total amino acid concentration. Alanine, aspartate/asparagine, and glutamate/glutamine decreased markedly under these treatments, whereas several other amino acids increased. Exogenous (15)N from K(15)NO(3) was taken up and incorporated into the nitrate and ammonium fractions of leaves treated with tabtoxin or MSO. This result and the high in vitro activities of nitrate reductase indicated that reduction of nitrate was one source of the accumulated ammonium. Leaves incubated under 2% O(2) to reduce photorespiration accumulated only about 13% as much ammonium as did those under normal atmospheres. We conclude that most of the tabtoxin- or MSO-induced ammonium came from photo-respiration, and the remainder was from nitrate reduction.
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PMID:Sources of ammonium in oat leaves treated with tabtoxin or methionine sulfoximine. 1666 6