Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P33527 (ABCC1)
 1,164 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters modulate the transport and metabolism of both endogenous and exogenous substrates and could play crucial roles in the human brain. In this study, we report the transcript expression profile of seven ABC transporters (ABCB1, ABCC1-C5, and ABCG2), 24 P450s (CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 families and CYP46A1), and 14 related transcription factors [aryl hydrocarbon receptor, nuclear receptor (NR)1I2/pregnane X receptor, NR1I3/constitutive androstane receptor and NR1C/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NR1H/liver X receptor, NR2B/retinoid X receptor, and NR3A/estrogen receptor subfamilies] in the whole brain, the dura mater, and 17 different encephalic areas. In addition, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to characterize the distribution of the P450s at the cellular and subcellular levels in some brain regions. Our results show the presence of a large variety of xenobiotic transporters and metabolizing enzymes in human brain and show for the first time their apparent selective distribution in different cerebral regions. The most abundant transporters were ABCC5 and ABCG2, which, interestingly, had a higher mRNA expression in the brain compared with that found in the liver. CYP46A1, CYP2J2, CYP2U1, CYP1B1, CYP2E1, and CYP2D6 represented more than 90% of the total P450 and showed selective distribution in different brain regions. Their presence in both microsomal and mitochondrial fractions was shown both in neuronal and glial cells in several brain areas. Thus, our study shows key enzymes of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism to be present in the human brain and provides novel information of importance for elucidation of enzymes responsible for normal and pathological processes in the human brain.
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PMID:Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the normal human brain: regional and cellular mapping as a basis for putative roles in cerebral function. 1935 4

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Statins are a class of drugs whose main adverse effects are drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and myopathy. Some of these may be predictable, due to their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, while others, unfortunately, are idiosyncratic. Genetic factors may also influence patient susceptibility to DILI and myopathy in the case of statins. This review will first discuss the role of statins in cardiovascular disease treatment and prevention and the underlying mechanisms of action. Furthermore, to explore the susceptibility of statin-induced adverse events such as myopathy and hepatotoxicity, it will then focus on the recent Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) concerning the transporter genes, Cytochrome P450 (CYP), organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) and ABCB1 and ABCC1, which seem to play a role in the development of clinically relevant adverse events. Finally, we appraise the evidence for and against the use of statins in metabolic syndrome and in HCV-infected patients, in terms of their safety and efficacy in cardiovascular events.
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PMID:Liver and Statins: A Critical Appraisal of the Evidence. 2958 33