Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) mediates cell-cell interactions and is expressed in characteristic spatiotemporal patterns during development. In previous studies of factors that control N-CAM gene expression, we identified a binding site for the paired domain of Pax proteins (designated PBS) in the mouse N-CAM promoter. In this study, we demonstrate that a transcription factor known to be important for development of the central nervous system, Pax-6, binds to the N-CAM PBS and show that the PBS can influence N-CAM expression in vivo. Pax-6, produced in COS-1 cells, bound to the PBS through two half-sites, PBS-1 and PBS-2; mutations in both of these sites completely disrupted binding. Moreover, nuclear extracts from embryonic day (E) 11.5 mouse embryos bound to the PBS, and this binding was inhibited by antibodies to Pax-6. To determine the role of the PBS in vivo, we generated transgenic mice with N-CAM promoter/lacZ gene constructs containing either a wild-type or a mutated PBS. Mutations in PBS-1 and PBS-2 decreased the extent of beta-galactosidase expression in the mantle layer of the spinal cord limiting it to ventral regions at E11.5. At E14.5, these mutations eliminated most of the expression that was seen in the wild-type spinal cord. Taken together with our previous observations that the PBS binds multiple Pax proteins, the data indicate that such binding contributes to the regulation of N-CAM gene expression during neural development.
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PMID:A binding site for Pax proteins regulates expression of the gene for the neural cell adhesion molecule in the embryonic spinal cord. 903 76

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is required for endothelial cell differentiation, vasculogenesis, and normal glomerular vascularization. To examine whether VEGF plays a role as a chemoattractant for the developing kidney vasculature, avascular metanephric kidneys from rat embryos (E14) were cocultured with endothelial cells. To determine whether VEGF directly provides chemoattractive guidance for migration, we examined migration of endothelial cells toward VEGF-coated beads. Mouse glomerular endothelial cells expressing beta-galactosidase (MGEC) were isolated from Flk-1(+/-) heterozygous mice and passaged 4-12 times. Upon 24 h culture on collagen I gels MGEC formed a lattice or capillary-like network. Embryonic metanephroi were cocultured with MGEC on collagen I gels for 1-6 days in defined media, stained for beta-galactosidase, and examined by light microscopy. Metanephric organs induced a rearrangement of the endothelial cell lattice and attracted MGEC. MGEC invaded the metanephric organs forming capillary-like structures within and surrounding the forming nephrons. This process was accelerated and amplified by low oxygen (3% O(2)) and was prevented by anti-VEGF neutralizing antibodies. MGECs migrated toward VEGF-coated beads, whereas PBS-coated beads did not alter MGEC networks. We conclude that VEGF produced by the differentiating nephrons acts as a chemoattractant providing spatial direction to developing capillaries toward forming nephrons during metanephric development in vitro.
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PMID:VEGF spatially directs angiogenesis during metanephric development in vitro. 1107 74

4-aminopyridine (4-AP) is a drug that blocks the potassium channels in neurons and stimulates the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), enhancing its availability at the synaptic cleft. The effects of 4-AP induced neuromuscular stimulation on skeletal muscle formation and development were investigated in embryonic chicks. Fertile white Leghorn eggs were incubated at 37.5 degrees C and windowed on day three of incubation. On embryonic days (E) 10, 11, 12 and 13 half of the eggs were injected with 100 microl of PBS buffer containing 0.2 microg 4-AP and the control group was administered 100 microl of PBS only. 4-AP treated (T) embryos showed at least a 10% increase in mean body mass relative to the controls (C) (P<0.05) at ages E14, E15 and E16. Tibia and femur lengths in the 4-AP treated embryos were significantly greater than the controls at E15 and E16 (P<0.05). The 4-AP treated animals had a 36.8% greater number of myofibres than the control animals at E20. Nuclear number per cross sectional area in the M. Semitendinosus was significantly greater (P<0.01) at E16 in the treated compared to the control embryos. The 4-AP treated group exhibited a greater percentage area of oxidative fibres in cross sections of M. Semitendinosus than the control group at E16 (P<0.01) and at E20 (P<0.05). It may be concluded from these results that 4-AP induced neuromuscular stimulation has a significant effect on skeletal muscle characteristics, leg bone length and overall body mass.
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PMID:In ovo neuromuscular stimulation alters the skeletal muscle phenotype of the chick. 1608 75

We determined the role of VEGF-transfected neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation in rat brain subjected to ischemia. Fetal NSCs were cultured from E14 days SD rats and transfected with VEGF121 gene by using lipofectamine technique. Temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) models were established and randomly divided into 1: control group, 2: PBS transplantation group, 3: NSCs transplantation group and 4: VEGF-secreting NSCs transplantation group. Grafts were transplanted into the penumbra zones 3 days after tMCAO model established. Neurological Severity Score (NSS) was checked in all groups 2-12 weeks after transplantation. By using immunofluorescent staining, VEGF expression of transplanted cells, differentiation and migration of transplanted NSCs after transplantation were detected. VEGF gene-transfected neural stem cells expressed gene products during the first 2 weeks. NSS in this group was significantly lower compared with that in other 3 groups 12 weeks after transplantation. VEGF gene-transfected NSCs migrated and expressed VEGF in hosts' brains, some of them differentiated to neurons 12 weeks after transplantation. VEGF-transfected NSCs expressed gene products during the early time after transplantation, which reduce brain injury through protecting the vascular system against ischemic attack.
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PMID:Reduction of neural and vascular damage by transplantation of VEGF-secreting neural stem cells after cerebral ischemia. 1646 88