Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

P fimbriae are proteinaceous appendages on the surface of Escherichia coli bacteria that mediate adherence to uroepithelial cells. E. coli that express P fimbriae account for the majority of ascending urinary tract infections in women with normal urinary tracts. The hypothesis that P fimbriae on uropathic E. coli attach to renal epithelia and may regulate the immune response to establish infection was investigated. The polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), produced by renal epithelia, transports IgA into the urinary space. Kidney pIgR and urine IgA levels were analyzed in a mouse model of ascending pyelonephritis, using E. coli with (P+) and without (P-) P fimbriae, to determine whether P(+) E. coli regulate epithelial pIgR expression and IgA transport into the urine. (P+) E. coli establish infection and persist to a greater amount than P(-) E. coli. P(+)-infected mice downregulate pIgR mRNA and protein levels compared with P(-)-infected or PBS controls at > or =48 h. The decrease in pIgR was associated with decreased urinary IgA levels in the P(+)-infected group at 48 h. pIgR mRNA and protein also decline in P(+) E. coli-infected LPS-hyporesponsive mice. These studies identify a novel virulence mechanism of E. coli that express P fimbriae. It is proposed that P fimbriae decrease pIgR expression in the kidney and consequently decrease IgA transport into the urinary space. This may explain, in part, how E. coli that bear P fimbriae exploit the immune system of human hosts to establish ascending pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Pyelonephritic Escherichia coli expressing P fimbriae decrease immune response of the mouse kidney. 1628 Apr 66

CpG oligonucleotides (ODNs) are potent mucosal and systemic adjuvants. For practical applications however, improvements in delivery need to be developed. A mouse model was used to determine if the biological activity of CpG ODNs could be enhanced using a novel delivery system of biphasic lipid vesicles (Biphasix Vaccine-Targeting Adjuvant; VTA). Immunization studies were performed to evaluate the potential of VTA formulations to enhance the immunoadjuvant activity of CpG ODNs following systemic or mucosal administration with gD. Immune responses following immunization were assessed by protection from HSV-1 viral challenge and characterization of serum gD-specific antibody responses using ELISA. VTA formulations in combination with CpG and glycoprotein D (gD) were able to increase gD-specific IgG in serum compared to gD alone, and protect from a lethal HSV-1 challenge following subcutaneous immunization. Following mucosal immunization, VTA formulations in combination with CpG and antigen enhanced mucosal IgA responses compared to CpG and antigen administered in PBS.
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PMID:Biphasic lipid vesicles (Biphasix) enhance the adjuvanticity of CpG oligonucleotides following systemic and mucosal administration. 1630 66

In this study, the potential of N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) nanoparticles as a carrier system for the nasal delivery of a monovalent influenza subunit vaccine was investigated. The antigen-loaded nanoparticles were prepared by mixing a solution containing TMC and monovalent influenza A subunit H3N2 with a tripolyphosphate (TPP) solution, at ambient temperature and pH 7.4 while stirring. The nanoparticles had an average size of about 800 nm with a narrow size distribution and a positive surface charge. The nanoparticles showed a loading efficiency of 78% and a loading capacity of 13% (w/w). It was shown that more than 75% of the protein remained associated with the TMC nanoparticles upon incubation of the particles in PBS for 3h. The molecular weight and antigenicity of the entrapped hemagglutinin was maintained as shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting, respectively. Single i.n. or i.m. immunization with antigen-loaded TMC nanoparticles resulted in strong hemagglutination inhibition and total IgG responses. These responses were significantly higher than those achieved after i.m. administration of the subunit antigen, whereas the IgG1/IgG2a profile did not change substantially. The i.n. administered antigen-TMC nanoparticles induced higher immune responses compared to the other i.n. antigen formulations, and these responses were enhanced by i.n. booster vaccinations. Moreover, among the tested formulations only i.n. administered antigen-containing TMC nanoparticles induced significant IgA levels in nasal washes of all mice. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that TMC nanoparticles are a potent new delivery system for i.n. administered influenza antigens.
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PMID:N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) nanoparticles loaded with influenza subunit antigen for intranasal vaccination: biological properties and immunogenicity in a mouse model. 1697 48

Our study examined whether repeated preventive oral administration of live probiotic bacterial strains Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 (Ec O83), Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 O6:K5:H1 (Ec Nis) and Lactobacillus casei DN 114001 (Lc) can protect mice against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. A significant decrease in average symptom score was observed in Ec O83-, Ec Nis- and Lc-pretreated group (p < 0.05). Significant differences in body mass loss between Lc pretreated mice with DSS-induced colitis were found when compared with nontreated mice (p < 0.05). PBS pretreated mice had a significantly shorter colon than Ec O83-, Ec Nis- and Lc-pretreated mice (p < 0.05). Administration of Lc significantly decreased the severity of DSS induced histological marks of inflammation (p < 0.05). A significant difference (p < 0.05) was also found in specific IgA level against given probiotic in enteral fluid between colitic mice and healthy mice pretreated with Ec 083 and Ec Nis.
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PMID:Oral administration of probiotic bacteria (E. coli Nissle, E. coli O83, Lactobacillus casei) influences the severity of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in BALB/c mice. 1717 71

We used human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) and Balb/c mice as models to establish the immunogenic and protective potential of formalin-inactivated Shigella spp. Incubation of DC with inactivated or live bacteria induced DC maturation and cytokine release. Mice immunized orally or intranasally with killed S. flexneri, S. sonnei, or S. dysenteriae developed IgG and fecal IgA titers to the homologous LPS. Following respiratory challenge with the live homologous organisms, 80-100% survival was seen in all vaccinated groups compared to negligible survival in mice given PBS. Oral or intranasal immunization with an inactivated S. flexneri 2a strain (CVD1203) expressing the CFA/I and CS3 antigens of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli induced IgG responses to both heterologous antigens. These in vivo and in vitro data indicate that inactivated shigellae retain the ability to interact effectively with key antigen presenting cells and induce protective immune responses in mice.
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PMID:Vaccine potential for inactivated shigellae. 1717 31

It has been difficult to evaluate the protective efficacy of vaccine candidates against shigellosis, a major form of bacillary dysentery caused by Shigella spp. infection, because of the lack of suitable animal models. To develop a proper animal model representing human bacillary dysentery, guinea pigs were challenged with virulent Shigella flexneri serotype 2a (strains 2457T or YSH6000) or S. flexneri 5a (strain M90T) by the intrarectal (i.r.) route. Interestingly, all guinea pigs administered these Shigella strains developed severe and acute rectocolitis. They lost approximately 20% of their body weight and developed tenesmus by 24 h after Shigella infection. Shigella invasion and colonization of the distal colon were seen at 24 h but disappeared by 48 h following i.r. infection. Histopathological approaches demonstrated significant damage and destruction of mucosal and submucosal layers, thickened intestinal wall, edema, erosion, infiltration of neutrophils, and depletion of goblet cells in the distal colon. Furthermore, robust expression of IL-8, IL-1beta, and inducible NO synthase mRNA was detected in the colon from 6 to 24 h following Shigella infection. Most importantly, in our new shigellosis model, guinea pigs vaccinated with an attenuated S. flexneri 2a SC602 strain possessing high levels of mucosal IgA Abs showed milder symptoms of bacillary dysentery than did animals receiving PBS alone after Shigella infection. In the guinea pig, administration of Shigella by i.r. route induces acute inflammation, making this animal model useful for assessing the protective efficacy of Shigella vaccine candidates.
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PMID:New animal model of shigellosis in the Guinea pig: its usefulness for protective efficacy studies. 1727 55

This study evaluated a vaccine made from crude rhoptry proteins of Toxoplasma gondii with Quil-A, which was administered to cats by the intranasal route. Eleven short-hair domestic cats were divided into four groups: G1 (n=3) received three doses (200 microg/dose) of the rhoptry vaccine with Quil-A (20 microg); G2 (n=3) received PBS with Quil-A (20 microg); G3 (n=3) and G4 (n=2) received only PBS. Treatments were administered at days 0, 21, and 42 by the intranasal route. Challenge was done to G1, G2, and G3 animals with 600 cysts of the VEG strain on day 51 (challenge day); G4 animals were unchallenged. The anti-T. gondii IgG and IgA antibody levels from sera were measured by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At challenge, two animals from G1 revealed antibody levels for both IgG and IgA; oocysts were not detected in feces of these two cats. There were no differences in hematological values between groups throughout the experiment (p>0.10). Preventable fractions were 67% in G1 and 0% in G2 and G3. Comparatively, G1 animals shed 89.3% and 90.8% less oocysts than G3 and G4, respectively. Two out of three cats were protected against T. gondii oocyst shedding when the rhoptry vaccine was administered by the intranasal route. This is the first study using crude rhoptry proteins as vaccine by the intranasal route in cats to evaluate protection against oocysts shedding.
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PMID:Protective activity against oocyst shedding in cats vaccinated with crude rhoptry proteins of the Toxoplasma gondii by the intranasal route. 1729 68

In order to compare the adjuvant activity of compound mucosal immune adjuvant (cMIA), two novel compound adjuvants (cMIA I and cMIA II) were prepared and mixed with Newcastle-disease (ND) vaccine, respectively, to vaccinate 7-day-old chickens, taking the non-adjuvant vaccines and PBS as controls. Serum were sampled on weeks 1-7 and tissues on weeks 3, 5 and 7 after vaccination, respectively. The humoral and cellular immune responses were determined by means of hemagglutination inhibition test, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemical examination and histological examination. The results showed that two compound adjuvants could promote CD3+ T lymphocytes, IgA secreting cells, intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIEL) and Mast cells formation and enhance serum and content antibody titer. The best adjuvant activity of cMIA II in promoting cellular immunity and cMIA I in enhancing humoral immunity occurred in whole immune period. Based on good synergistic effects of their components, two cMIAs would be expected as new-type mucosal immune adjuvants for mucosal immune.
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PMID:Effect of compound mucosal immune adjuvant on mucosal and systemic immune responses in chicken orally vaccinated with attenuated Newcastle-disease vaccine. 1730 92

We have reported recently that intranasal (i.n.) vaccination with chlamydial protease-like activity factor (CPAF) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) enhances protective immunity against genital chlamydial challenge. In this study, we show that i.n. or intraperitoneal (i.p.) vaccination with CPAF plus CpG deoxynucleotides (CpG), an alternative T helper 1 (Th1) adjuvant, induced robust CPAF-specific IFN-gamma responses and elevated levels of serum antibody and vaginal IgA production. CPAF+CpG vaccinated animals displayed accelerated genital chlamydial clearance, and minimal hydrosalpinx and inflammatory cellular infiltration compared to mock-immunized (PBS) challenged animals. Together, CpG dexoynucleotides are an efficacious alternative Th1 adjuvant with CPAF to induce protective anti-chlamydial immunity.
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PMID:Intranasal immunization with chlamydial protease-like activity factor and CpG deoxynucleotides enhances protective immunity against genital Chlamydia muridarum infection. 1734 23

Systemic and local immune response against Chitosan encapsulated tetanus toxoid (CS-TT) microparticles is studied, prepared by ionic cross-linking using Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP). Final formulation was evaluated in terms of release of TT in 0.1 N HCl and PBS (pH 7.4), sedimentation profile and stability. CS-TT microparticles, TT in PBS and plain CS microparticles were orally administered to mice and TT (adsorbed) was administered through intramuscular route. Sera were analyzed for anti-TT IgG and intestinal lavage, faeces, intestinal washings for anti-TT IgA levels using an ELISA. Entrapment efficiency of about 100% was obtained. A dose dependent immune response was observed in mice vaccinated with Chitosan-TT microparticles. A strong enhancement of the systemic and local immune response against TT were found when compared with oral feeding of TT in PBS. The study shows the efficacy of chitosan microparticle suspension system, containing a high molecular protein (TT), in inducing the IgA in intestine and IgG in systemic circulation. This demonstrates that chitosan microparticles can prove to be a promising oral vaccine delivery system for mucosal and systemic immunity.
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PMID:Chitosan microparticles as oral delivery system for tetanus toxoid. 1785 63


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