Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adult New Zealand rabbits were vaccinated subcutaneously with one dose of 100 micrograms adult nematode phosphate buffered saline-soluble proteins (PBS-ASP, groups I and II), a detergent-soluble fraction of adult somatic proteins (DS-ASP, group III) or three doses of 1 mg normal rabbit serum proteins (group IV). Injections of the immunogens in groups II, III and IV were accompanied with beryllium hydroxide, Be(OH)2 as an adjuvant. Vaccinated rabbits and also those of group V (naive) were challenged orally with 10,000 infective larvae of T. colubriformis 14 days after antigen injection and necropsied 2 weeks later. A single dose of PBS-ASP induced 33.5% protection when the antigen was given alone (group I) and 69.4% when injected with Be(OH)2 (group II). A detergent-soluble fraction of ASP given with the adjuvant provided 87.2% protection (group III), whilst non-specific vaccination with serum proteins plus Be(OH)2 elicited 99% protection (group IV). Mesenteric lymph node leukocyte responses were measured using a leukocyte migration inhibition assay. A significant response was observed only in group IV. In ELISA tests IgA antibodies specific to PBS-ASP reached the highest level in the intestinal mucosa of groups I and II and in the bile of groups I and III. Antibody levels of IgG isotype were similar in the intestinal mucosa of all the immunized groups. Nematode antigen was detected using a 'sandwich' ELISA method in faecal protein extracts of rabbits of groups II and III on days 2-6 after challenge.
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PMID:The effect of adjuvant and specific or non-specific vaccination on development of protective immunity of rabbits against Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection. 145 93

Interleukin-2, pokeweed mitogen, and lipopolysaccharide were evaluated for their ability to accelerate involution and to stimulate local cellular defenses in the nonlactating bovine mammary gland. Twelve cows were divided into three treatment groups of 4 cows each to receive interleukin-2, pokeweed mitogen, or lipopolysaccharide. One day after drying off, 3 mammary quarters of each cow were infused with 100 micrograms of immunostimulant daily for 21 d; the remaining control quarter received PBS. Secretion samples were collected weekly to determine bacteriologic status, total SCC, and differential cell counts. On d 21, cows were killed, and tissues were collected for microscopy. Overall, SCC were higher in immunostimulated quarters, but only those infused with interleukin-2 were significantly elevated over controls. By wk 3, the percentage of neutrophils decreased in interleukin-2 and pokeweed mitogen quarters over pretreatment values, percentage of macrophages increased in interleukin-2 quarters, and percentage of lymphocytes increased in pokeweed mitogen and lipopolysaccharide quarters. Percentage of alveolar lumina was reduced, and connective tissue stroma increased, in all immunostimulated quarters compared with those of controls, suggesting accelerated involution. Involution was greatest in quarters treated with interleukin-2. Leukocyte infiltration was greater in immunostimulated quarters than in control quarters. Similarly, concentrations of Ig-producing plasma cells were greater in immunostimulated quarters than in control quarters. Quarters infused with interleukin-2 exhibited the greatest concentration of plasma cells, followed by quarters treated with pokeweed mitogen and lipopolysaccharide; IgG1 plasma cells predominated, followed by IgG2, IgA, and IgM. Interleukin-2 accelerated involution and stimulated local antibody production more than did the two mitogens, suggesting a potential role for this cytokine as a general immunostimulant at drying off.
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PMID:The effect of chronic immunostimulation of the nonlactating bovine mammary gland with interleukin-2, pokeweed mitogen, and lipopolysaccharide. 147 3

In the present study the involvement of the complement system (C) in the clearance of soluble IgA aggregates in the rat was studied. Monoclonal monomeric IgA (mIgA) antibody (which does not activate C) or aggregated polymeric IgA (aIgA; which activates C) were administered intravenously to phosphate-buffered saline-treated and complement-depleted [Cobra venom factor (CVF)-treated] rats and assessed for clearance from the circulation. In control rats, mIgA was cleared in a biphasic fashion with a first half-life (T1/2) of 29.5 +/- 14.2 min and a second T1/2 of 230 +/- 176 min. No differences were observed in clearance of mIgA in CVF-treated rats as compared to PBS-treated rats. In PBS-treated rats, aIgA with a size between 20 S and 150 S disappeared very rapidly from the circulation with a first T1/2 of 1.1 +/- 0.4 min and a second T1/2 of 23.2 +/- 11.3 min. In CVF-treated rats the clearance of aIgA was significantly delayed as compared to that in control rats, namely with a first T1/2 of 7.3 +/- 2.6 min and a second T1/2 of 64.2 +/- 19.4 min. Immunohistochemical studies of the liver (which is the main site of clearance of aIgA) revealed that Kupffer cells (KC) are mainly responsible for the uptake of aIgA. Furthermore, in PBS-treated rats aIgA deposition was accompanied by C3 deposition in the KC. In CVF-treated rats, the percentage of KC containing aIgA was significantly lower during the first 16 min after aIgA administration as compared to PBS treated rats. In addition no detectable C3 was found in KC of CVF-treated rats. These results indicate that KC play an important role in the clearance of large molecular weight IgA in rats and that C facilitates the clearance of these complexes from the circulation.
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PMID:Complement enhances the clearance of large-sized soluble IgA aggregates in rats. 203 8

A method for detection of anticardiolipin (ACL) antibodies with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed. Microtitre plates were coated with cardiolipin at a concentration of 20 micrograms/ml by evaporation under 4 degree centigrade overnight. Non-specific binding of diluted sera was eliminated by blocking of plates with 10% fetal calf serum in phosphate buffered saline (FCS/PBS) for 2 hours at room temperature. Sera (50 microliters/well) at a dilution of 1:100 were incubated for 2 hours at room temperature. Horseradish peroxidase conjugated rabbit anti-human IgG, IgM, IgA at a dilution of 1:2000, 1:1000, 1:500 respectively was added to the wells, and incubated for one and half hours at room temperature. The results were read at 490nm after incubation with substrates at 37 degree centigrade. 85 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 45 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 25 with progressive systemic scleroderma (PSS), and 18 primary Sjogren's syndrome were tested. The frequency of ACL antibody in SLE (48%) was much higher than that in RA (11%), PSS (12), SS (5.5). Three isotypes of ACL (IgG, IgM, IgA) were detected in the study with predominance of IgG isotype. ACL antibody was significantly associated with thrombosis, cutaneous vasculopathy, thrombocytopenia, and spontaneous abortion in patients with SLE. Strong relationship between ACL antibody and lupus anticoagulant was found. There was no correlation between ACL and anti-DNA antibodies, nor was ACL and VDRL test. The level of ACL antibody could be reduced by use of corticosteroids.
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PMID:[Measurement of anticardiolipin antibodies and its significance in systemic lupus erythematosus]. 250 Mar 15

To better understand the role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of dermatitis herpetiformis, linear IgA bullous dermatosis or other skin disorders, the antigenic specificity of the immune reactants bound in vivo in the skin must be identified. In order to do so, one must first be able to elute these immune reactants from the skin. We describe here a simple method of eluting not only specifically bound IgG, but also IgA and other immunoglobulins and complement components from skin biopsy material. The method involves cutaneous washing of the entrapped serum proteins in PBS pH 7 and pH 5 buffers followed by specific immunoglobulin elutions at pH 3 and 2. The IgA deposits which could not be removed by this treatment were eluted by a combination of low pH (0.5 M citrate pH 2) and a chaotropic agent (2 M NaCl). The relative concentration of IgA in eluates when quantitated by fluoroimmunoassay were three- to five-fold higher in dermatitis herpetiformis skin biopsy specimens, than in eluates of bullous pemphigoid or normal skin biopsy specimens.
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PMID:A simple method for elution of IgA deposits from the skin of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. 268 62

The ability of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) to influence the induction and maintenance of tolerance was examined in animals primed orally with a soluble protein antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), or in animals primed orally with two unrelated protein antigens administered simultaneously, OVA and bovine serum albumin (BSA). LT is immunologically and structurally related to the cholera enterotoxin (CT), which has been shown to be capable of abrogating oral tolerance to protein antigens when delivered simultaneously with the antigens. In this study, simultaneous administration of LT with OVA was shown to prevent the induction of tolerance to OVA and to increase the serum anti-OVA IgG response 30- to 90-fold over OVA-primed and PBS-primed animals, respectively. This effect was determined to be a function of the enzymatically active A subunit of the toxin since the B (binding) subunit alone was unable to influence tolerance induction. Animals fed LT with OVA after the initial OVA prime developed a significantly lower serum IgG and mucosal IgA anti-OVA response than those fed LT with OVA in the initial immunization, indicating that prior exposure to the antigen reduces the effectiveness of LT to influence tolerance and its ability to act as an adjuvant. LT was not able to abrogate tolerance once it had been established. Serum IgG and mucosal IgA responses in animals receiving LT on only a single occasion, that being upon first exposure to antigen, were equivalent to responses after three OVA/LT primes, indicating that commitment to responsiveness occurs early and upon first exposure to antigen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Adjuvant activity of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and effect on the induction of oral tolerance in mice to unrelated protein antigens. 304 10

To study the relative concentrations and appearance of immunoglobulin in the bladder and kidneys of rats with acute and chronic urinary tract infections, three groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Group I underwent weekly intraurethral inoculation with Escherichia coli 07. Group II received inoculation of 0.2 ml of PBS alone. Group III were unmanipulated controls. Bladder and kidney washings were obtained for bacterial colony counts and organism identification. Bladder and kidney tissue was prepared for immunofluorescent examination using goat or rabbit antirat IgA, IgM, or IgG layered with fluorescent-labeled rabbit antigoat or goat antirabbit serum. Negative immunofluorescent controls substituted PBS for antirat serum. No significant difference was noted between bladder and kidney cultures in groups I and II. Comparison of immunofluorescent intensity between groups I and III demonstrated that IgM intensity was greatest between weeks one and three in bladders and kidneys, then decreased to non-significant levels. Bladder IgG intensity peaked at week four and remained elevated throughout the remainder of the study while renal IgG intensity was significant throughout the study period. Renal and bladder IgA was noted only sporadically. Comparison of culture positive animals to culture negative animals (groups II and III) demonstrated a lower immunofluorescent intensity score for culture negative animals. Discrete cellular immunofluorescence was evident in 19.1% of bladders and compared to 0.6% of kidneys. This study suggests that the immunologic response in the rat to intraurethral inoculation and infection is biphasic (IgM followed by IgG) and that a local cellular immunologic response may exist in the bladder.
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PMID:Acute and chronic bacterial infection in the rat urinary tract: immunofluorescent localization of immunoglobulins. 328 Aug 34

The present investigation studied the effects of sperm immunization in the gastrointestinal tract on anti-sperm antibody production and fertility in female mice. For comparative purposes, mice were also immunized with sperm intraperitoneally. Intraperitoneal immunization with 5 X 10(6) washed epididymal and vas deferens sperm 3 times per week for 7 wk produced anti-sperm IgG in plasma at 1:20,000 and in vaginal washings at 1:100 as determined by ELISA. Such mice have been shown previously to have reduced fertility. In comparison, mice immunized intragastrically with 5 X 10(6) sperm once per week for 11-14 wk had anti-sperm IgA in vaginal washings at only about 1:8 as determined by ELISA. After mating at the 14th wk these mice delivered 6.5 +/- 1.4 pups, which was not significantly different from the 7.1 +/- 1.1 pups delivered by an untreated control group. Mice immunized twice intragastrically and once intravaginally during a 25-day period had no detectable anti-sperm IgA in vaginal washings by ELISA. These mice delivered 9.7 +/- 1.2 pups after mating beginning on day 32, as compared to 9.7 +/- 0.8 pups in a PBS-sham immunized group. Mice immunized once intraduodenally and then once intraperitoneally 14 days later delivered 10.4 +/- 0.9 pups after mating 10-14 days after the second immunization, while a similar group of mice whose primary sperm immunization was directly into Peyer's patches delivered 9.0 +/- 1.4 pups. We could not detect anti-sperm IgG or IgA bound to sperm in the uterine or oviduct lumen using immunohistochemical labeling after any of the groups of immunized mice were mated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The effect of sperm immunization in the gastrointestinal tract on anti-sperm antibody production and fertility in female mice. 378 33

The interaction of Eimeria falciformis sporozoites with the intestinal epithelium and with the intestinal contents from the cecum and colon of normal and specifically immunized mice was studied by light (LM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy. Fecal (FM) and enterocyte-associated (EAM) mucus were removed from the cecum and colon of normal mice and mice that had been immunized 1, 6, 12, or 20 days earlier with a series of oral inoculations of E. falciformis oocysts. Sporozoite-specific IgA, but neither IgM nor IgG, was detected by the immunofluorescent antibody test in FM and EAM from immunized mice. No sporozoite-specific immunoglobulin was detected in normal mice. When examined by LM, sporozoites exposed to all FM and EAM preparations exhibited greater motility and excystation from sporocysts. At 4 h after incubation in FM or EAM from normal or immune mice, about 10% of the sporozoites appeared damaged, being non-motile and non-refractile. Immune FM and EAM caused agglutination of sporozoites and sporocysts and oocyst walls of E. falciformis, but did not agglutinate those of E. ferrisi. Scanning electron microscopy of in vitro interactions between E. falciformis sporozoites and intestinal contents revealed that sporozoites exposed to immune EAM were coated with particulate material whereas those exposed to normal EAM were relatively clean. Sporozoites exposed to immune FM were usually embedded within the mucus whereas those exposed to normal FM were situated on top of the mucus. No significant differences occurred between the length/width (L/W) ratios of sporozoites incubated in normal and EAM or in PBS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of intestinal contents from normal and immunized mice on sporozoites of Eimeria falciformis. 398 46

Surface membrane immunoglobulin from MOPC-315 plasmacytoma cells (smM315) was isolated by nonionic detergent lysis of radioiodinated cells and affinity chromatography on Dnp-aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B. Verification of the solubilized molecule as an integral membrane protein, distinct from secreted MOPC-315 IgA (M315) was accomplished by NaDodSO4-PAGE, charge-shift electrophoresis and molecular sieve gel filtration with NP-40 and deoxycholate. smM315 was compared to reduced and alkylated monomeric secreted immunoglobulins from MOPC-315, MOPC-460, and XRPC-25 by quantitative affinity chromatography (QAC) using two differently substituted Dnp-aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B resins. Unique patterns of cross-reactivity of all secreted myeloma proteins were independently established with a competitive hapten inhibition assay using 125I-Dnp26BSA as the precipitating probe. After derivation with dinitrobenzylsulfonate, Dnp-aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B was modified with succinic anhydride which, with the inclusion of 0.03% Doc in a PBS and 0.1% NP-40 buffer, prevented nonhapten specific protein-matrix interactions during QAC. Dissociation constants determined by QAC for three ligands, (dinitrophenyl-glycine, trinitrophenyl-amino-caproate and tetramethylrhodamine) were essentially the same for smM315 and M315. Both of the other nitrophenyl binding IgA myelomas had distinct and significant differences in dissociation constants. Thus, for a differentiated antibody secreting cell which has undergone a heavy chain class switch, such as MOPC-315, the cell surface immunoglobulin has an identical ligand binding active-site as the secreted immunoglobulin.
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PMID:Determination of dissociation constants and ligand specificity of detergent solubilized surface membrane immunoglobulin A from MOPC-315. 685 76


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