Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Centrifugal elutriation was used further to isolate human peripheral blood monocytes (HPBM) from mononuclear-enriched cells harvested as a secondary component following platelet concentration collection samples. HPBM were recovered in either one or two populations consisting of either total HPBM or small (SM) and large monocytes (LM). The elutriation was carried out at 3,500 +/- 5 rpm for the separation of lymphocytes and HPBM in Ca++- and Mg++-free PBS without EDTA. An average of 5.05 +/- 1.50 X 10(8) HPBM were recovered in the total HPBM with a purity of 95% +/- 3%. The SM and LM were obtained by splitting the total HPBM into two equal populations with an HPBM purity of 92% +/- 3% and 93% +/- 3, respectively, by nonspecific esterase staining. The elutriation media were shown to have no effect on viability by trypan blue exclusion. All three HPBM populations were shown to be histochemically (lack of reactivity to leu-1 and leu-7) and functionally (depletion of NK cell activity) purified from the lymphocyte population. The HPBM populations were enriched in HLA-Dr, OKM-1, OKM-5, MY-8, and leu M-3 monoclonal antibody marker staining. There were no differences in percent positive cells between SM and LM populations for any of the monocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies. All three monocyte populations mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity to human red blood cells, with LM mediating more lysis (27.0% +/- 5%) than SM (7% +/- 3%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Centrifugal elutriation as a method for isolation of large numbers of functionally intact human peripheral blood monocytes. 308 57

Immunohistochemical and histochemical methods are increasingly used and their application in surgical pathology is obvious. Especially we used these methods on bone marrow core biopsies. Optimal and comparable results have been obtained by using different methods after halving the biopsy cores longitudinally and/or transversally. The two halves were used for cytologic imprints. Two parts of the biopsy cores were embedded in polymethacrylate at low temperature (-20 degrees C). The methacrylate-embedded biopsy part for routine histology was fixed in Schaffer's solution (methanol-formalin-fixative). The methacrylate-embedded undecalcified section of 4 microns may be stained by most stains commonly employed in routine histopathology after removal of the plastic. The sections are virtually free of artefacts such as shrinkage and swelling in the light microscope. The second methacrylate-embedded part of biopsy cores was fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde with 5% sucrose in 0.02 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and dehydrated in ethyleneglycolmonobutylether. All procedures were carried out at 4 degrees C. This method permits the use of immunohistochemical and histochemical procedures. The immunohistochemistry was carried out at sections of 4 microns after removal of the plastic with methoxide and use of proteolytic enzyme (0.1% alpha-chymotrypsin) to unmask antigens in sections. Surface and intracellular immunoglobulins were very well detected with the indirect FITC method. The histochemical procedures are carried out at sections of 7-8 microns after removal of plastic with xylene and toluol. The sections were incubated for specific esterase and nonspecific esterases, acid and alkaline phosphatase and then examined by light microscopy. A third part of biopsy cores may be immediately frozen, and cryostat sections are stained and evaluated for rapid diagnosis and used for immunohistologic analysis with mono- and polyclonal antibodies (FITC method) and/or histochemical investigations. Imprints of biopsy cores are evaluated for cytological, cytochemical and/or immunocytological analysis with mono- and polyclonal antibodies (FITC method). The cryostat sections and the imprints are fixed for all methods with 2% paraformaldehyde and 5% sucrose in PBS (0.02 M, pH 7.4) at 4 degrees C for 30 minutes. The best diagnostic results were obtained in the myelo- and lymphoproliferative disorders using the combination of methods described here. Examples were demonstrated.
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PMID:[Immuno- and enzymehistochemical studies of methacrylate-embedded biopsy material, especially iliac crest biopsies]. 313 12

Monocyte adhesion to the arterial endothelium is an early event in diet-induced atherogenesis. The possibility that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) may influence this adhesion was investigated by using an in vitro monolayer collection assay. Postprandial and fasting LDL was isolated from 12 normal adult human donors (8 male and 4 female) and incubated with primary cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) for 6 hours. 51Cr-labeled mononuclear leukocytes (MNLs) were then added and incubated an additional 30 minutes. When results were expressed as the ratio of adherent counts per minute in LDL-treated BAEC cultures to that in PBS-treated controls, 10 of the 16 LDL samples isolated from male donors induced a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in MNL adhesion (1.06-1.27) attributable to esterase-positive cells. This increase was dose-dependent and maximal at 100 micrograms LDL protein/ml. The magnitude of the response was significantly correlated with LDL composition (r = 0.857, P less than 0.01) such that LDL rich in cholesterol and triglyceride relative to protein enhanced MNL adhesion, whereas lipid-poor LDL (typically isolated from the women) reduced adhesion.
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PMID:LDL enhances monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro. 370 94

The effects of limb bud-derived motoneurotrophins (LBMNTs) as seen in the motoneurons in the anterior spinal cord and sciatic nerve regeneration of adult rats, were evaluated in the present study. A nerve regeneration chamber with a nerve gap of 9 mm was created by suturing the proximal and distal ends of a random sciatic nerve into a silicone tube after removal of a 5 mm piece of nerve in the distal end, The chamber of the experimental group was filled with 34.34 microg LBMNTs and PBS (0.01 mol/ml, pH 7.0),and the control group with PBS only. At 1 day, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks post surgery, the content of acetylcholine esterase (AchE) and acid phosphatase (ACP) of the anterior spinal cord (injured side) was quantified, and the corresponding motoneuron's ultrastructure and the existant ratio were also examined. Meanwhile, the regenerated nerve from within the silicone tube was examined at 2, 4 and 6 weeks post surgery for histological studies at both the light microscopic and ultrastructural levels. The experimental group showed a smaller decrease of AchE and an increase of ACP, a larger existant ratio of motoneurons, better ultrastructure and a more mature regenerated nerve based on a larger diameter of the regenerated nerve trunk, a greater number of axons and thicker myelin sheaths than the control group. So it was concluded that LBMNTs had a high activity of protecting motoneurons in the anterior spinal cord after nerve injury and promoting nerve regeneration, and it may be a new source of neurotrophic factors (NTFs).
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PMID:Motoneurotrophins derived from limb buds protect the motoneurons in anterior spinal cord after nerve injury and promote nerve regeneration. 968 49

A series of cycloSal-BVDUMP phosphate triesters has been prepared. The prototype compound was 3-methyl-cycloSal-BVDUMP 2. Furthermore, a series of 3'-O-acyl-modified derivatives having carboxylic acids with different lipophilicity or a L-configurated alpha-amino acid (phenylalanine) was prepared. The hydrolysis properties in phosphate buffer PBS as well as in PBS containing pig liver esterase (PLE) will be described. Finally, the biological activity against EBV has been determined.
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PMID:Synthesis, hydrolysis and anti-EBV activity of a series of 3'-modified cycloSal-BVDUMP pronucleotides. 1156 42

The objective of this work was to synthesize cyclic prodrug 2 derived from the parent RGD peptidomimetic 1 and to evaluate its chemical and enzymatic stabilities and antithrombic activity. Cyclic prodrug 2 was formed to improve the cell membrane permeation of RGD peptidomimetic 1 by transiently masking the unfavorable physicochemical properties of compound 1. Cyclic prodrug 2 was synthesized by linking the amino and carboxylic acid groups of parent 1 via the (acyloxy)alkoxy promoiety. The prodrug-to-drug conversion of cyclic prodrug 2 was evaluated in isolated esterase and human plasma in the absence and presence of the esterase inhibitor paraoxon. The rate of hydrolysis of cyclic prodrug 2 was significantly faster in plasma (t(1/2)=33.5+/-0.6 min) than in PBS (t(1/2)=314+/-11 min). Cyclic prodrug 2 was converted by esterase to the parent compound 1 and this conversion was inhibited by an esterase inhibitor, paraoxon. The IC50 (4 micro M) of cyclic prodrug 2 was higher than the IC50 (1.9 micro M) of parent drug 1. The antithrombic activity of cyclic prodrug 2 depends on the incubation time in platelet-rich plasma; the activity increases with incubation time, suggesting that the prodrug-to-drug conversion is time-dependent and mediated by esterase. Cyclic prodrug 2 was more stable under acidic and neutral conditions than under basic conditions, suggesting that handling and formulation of this prodrug should be undertaken under acidic conditions.
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PMID:Synthesis of a novel cyclic prodrug of RGD peptidomimetic to improve its cell membrane permeation. 1239 7

Studies have shown that inflammatory (cholesterol esterase, CE) and salivary (pseudo-cholinesterase, PCE) enzymes can cause the breakdown of bisphenol-A diglycidyl dimethacrylate (bisGMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) components from composite resins. Based on the above consideration, it was desired to show how CE- and PCE-catalyzed hydrolysis of resin components was dependent on the enzymes' concentration and to determine their distinct specificities (if any) towards resin components. Photopolymerized model composite resin samples (60% weight fraction silanated barium glass filler) based on bisGMA and TEGDMA monomers (55/45 weight ratio of the matrix, respectively) were incubated with PBS and either 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 or 1 unit/ml of CE or PCE for 16 days (pH 7.0, 37 degrees C). Incubation solutions were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The composite samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Degradation rates of bisGMA and TEGDMA monomers were assessed. The results showed that CE had a greater specificity towards cleaving bisGMA while PCE showed a greater specificity towards TEGDMA. A strong enzyme concentration dependence was observed which suggests that the level of degradation products generated for a material will depend on the esterase make-up of an individual's saliva in combination with the specific formulation of monomer components used.
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PMID:Biodegradation of a dental composite by esterases: dependence on enzyme concentration and specificity. 1453 61

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the changes in color and color coordinates of dental resin composites after immersion in porcine liver esterase (PLE, 400 mU/mL; a substitute for salivary hydrolase) with CIEDE2000 color system, and to compare those with CIELAB color system. Color of resin composites was measured after immersion in PBS (phosphate buffered saline; control) or PLE up to nine weeks. Color difference (delta E00) and changes in lightness (L'), red-green parameter (a'), yellow-blue parameter (b'), and chroma (C') with CIEDE2000 system were compared. Correlation in the changes of color with CIEDE2000 and CIELAB systems was determined. Delta E00 values after a 9-week immersion in PLE were 0.7-2.8, which were not higher than those in PBS except for a few cases. Changes in b' and C' values after a 9-week immersion in PLE were generally lower than those in PBS, and were in the range of -4.0 to -0.1 and -4.0 to -0.1, respectively. Therefore, the influence of porcine liver esterase on the changes of color and color coordinates was negligible with CIEDE2000 color system. There was a significant correlation between color differences (delta E00 vs deltaE*ab) with CIEDE2000 and CIELAB systems [correlation coefficient (r) = 0.95, p < 0.01].
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PMID:Influence of porcine liver esterase on the color of dental resin composites by CIEDE2000 system. 1551 79

A new generation of cycloSal-pronucleotides is presented. CycloSal-d4TMPs have been modified by introduction of an esterase-cleavable site in order to trap them inside cells. Hydrolysis studies in different media (PBS, CEM/0- and liver extracts) and anti-HIV evaluation of separated diastereomers revealed unexpected differences between the isomers.
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PMID:"Lock-in" modified cyclosal nucleotides--the second generation of cyclosal prodrugs. 1624 67

Fibroblast and macrophage are 2 dominant cell types respond cooperatively to degrade implanted biomaterials. Using an electrospun Dextran/Poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) scaffold as a model, an in vitro fibroblast/macrophage co-culture system was developed to investigate the degradability of implantable biodegradable materials. SEM showed that both fibroblasts and macrophages were able to degrade the scaffold, separately or cooperatively. Under the synergistic coordination of macrophages and fibroblasts, scaffolds showed faster degradation rate than their counterparts incubated with a single type of cells as well as in PBS or cell culture medium. Lysozyme, non-specific esterase (NSE), gelatinase, hyaluronidase-1 and alpha-glucosidase were up-regulated in the presence of the scaffold, suggesting their roles in the cell-mediated scaffold degradation. In addition, the expressions of cell surface receptors CD204 and Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) were elevated 1 week after cell seeding, implying that these receptors might be involved in scaffold degradation. The results of in vivo subdermal implantation of the scaffold further confirmed the biodegradability of the Dextran/PLGA scaffold. The fibroblast/macrophage co-culture model adequately mimicked the in vivo environment and could be further developed into an in vitro tool for initial biomaterial evaluation.
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PMID:The biodegradability of electrospun Dextran/PLGA scaffold in a fibroblast/macrophage co-culture. 1819 3


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