Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several mucolytic agents were evaluated on sputum for testing their viscolytic activity and the bacterial tollerance to each of them. Proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, pepsin, papain, pancreatin), KJ, and dithiothreitol (or its derivatives) were better tollerated by common respiratory pathogens (H. influenzae, D. pneumoniae, Klebsiella, etc.) than other mucolytic agents, as acetil-cysteine, cisteamine-HCl, tension active substances, mercaptoethanol, and others. The dithiothreitol showed also one of the strongest viscolytic effect and therefore it was selected for the routinary sputum digestion at the concentration 0.1% in PBS pH 7.2. Such a solution was added to sputum specimen in different proportions according to the macroscopic "apparent" viscosity of each specimen. However researches on the comparative viscolytic activity of all the agents hereinafter considered are still in progress.
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PMID:[Study on the viscolytic activity of the sputum (author's transl)]. 1 42

The mechanism(s) by which the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Haemophilus influenzae type b may contribute to the virulence of this organism is unclear. Purified LPS of Haemophilus influenzae type b or phosphate buffered saline was administered intranasally to infant rats prior to the intranasal instillation of approximately 2-20 x 10(6) cfu of Hib two or three times per day for three consecutive days. The preadministration of 2.0 micrograms Hib LPS resulted in a significantly greater incidence of bacteremia (P = 0.0006) than PBS 30 min after the completion of the intranasal inoculation. Four days following completion of intranasal Hib inoculation the incidence of bacteremia was greater (P = 0.017) in the animals pretreated with LPS at 2.0 micrograms compared to the PBS pretreated animals. Preadministration of 0.2 micrograms LPS had no effect on the incidence of bacteremia or meningitis. There were no differences in the histology of the nasal cavities or turbinates of infant rats inoculated intranasally only with LPS or PBS. There were no differences in the frequency or density of bacteremia following intranasal administration of LPS from either Hib or E. coli. Although the mechanism is unknown, our findings suggest that the LPS of Hib may contribute to the ability of H. influenzae type b to invade the nasal mucosa in this infant rat model.
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PMID:Contribution of Haemophilus influenzae type b lipopolysaccharide to pathogenesis of infection. 307 63

INTRODUCTION: Between 20% and 50% of middle ear effusions in otitis media with effusion test positive for bacteria, i.e. H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis and S. pneumoniae. In one study 48% of effusions that tested negative by culture wre positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).1 This has been advanced as evidence for the presence of bacterial biofilms, as agents leading to the persistence of glue ear. There is, however, the possibility that the DNA detected is the fossilized remains of bacteria from previously cleared infections. If this is the case, then the effusioin must in some way be protecting the DNA from breakdown by DNases. METHODS: Here we demonstrate, using a viscosity assay, that middle ear effusions taken from children during myringotomy inhibit the breakdown of DNA in a concentration-dependent manner. Middle ear effusion homogenates 0.5-3.0 ml (1 : 10 Vol. vol/effusion: PBS) were incubated with 3 ml of DNA (0.5 mg/ml in PBS) plus 0.2 ml of DNase 1 (500 Kunitz) at 37 degrees C for 24 h. Viscosity measurements were taken at regular intervals and the changes in viscosity expressed as a percentage of time 0. DNase activity was inhibited by 1.5 ml and 3.0 ml of effusion 48% and 91%, respectively, after 30 min incubation. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that effusions have the ability to inhibit nuclease activity, and the reported presence of non-culturable bacteria based on DNA detection by PCR could still represent fossilized remains and not viable bacteria. The same could also be true of recent reports of bacterial mRNA.2
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PMID:Does the bacterial DNA found in middle ear effusions come from viable bacteria? 1112 7