Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome Virus (PRRSV) is an infectious disease that causes abortions and respiratory disorders in swine. In this study, the interaction between PRRSV and porcine dendritic cells generated from CD14(+) monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 was examined. As a result, it was shown that immature and mature dendritic cells can be productively infected with PRRSV. When the expression of surface MHC molecules on infected dendritic cells was determined, MHC classes I and II were found to be downregulated when compared with uninfected dendritic cells. With the exception of the IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokines, the induction of the IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-alpha cytokines all increased in dendritic cells infected with PRRSV. A mixed lymphocyte reaction showed that peripheral blood mononuclear cells cocultured with PRRSVinfected dendritic cells were less stimulated than peripheral blood mononuclear cells cocultured with dendritic cells treated with PBS, LPS, or UV-inactivated PRRSV. Therefore, these results suggest that PRRSV would appear to modulate the immune stimulatory function of porcine dendritic cells.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of interaction between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine dendritic cells. 1895 24

Cell-based therapies offer considerable promise for prevention or cure of diabetes. We explored the potential of autologous, self-renewing, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) as a clinically-applicable approach to promote glucose homeostasis. In vitro-expanded syngeneic bone marrow-derived MSC were administered following or prior to diabetes induction into a rat model of streptozotocin-induced beta cell injury. MSC were CD45(-)/CD44(+)/CD54(+)/CD90(+)/CD106(+). MSC spontaneously secreted IL-6, HGF, TGF-beta1 and expressed high levels of SDF-1 and low levels of VEGF, IL-1beta and PGE(2), but no EGF, insulin or glucagon. MSC homed to the pancreas and this therapy allowed for enhanced insulin secretion and sustained normoglycemia. Interestingly, immunohistochemistry demonstrated that, the islets from MSC-treated rats expressed high levels of PDX-1 and that these cells were also positive for insulin staining. In addition, peripheral T cells from MSC-treated rats exhibited a shift toward IL-10/IL-13 production and higher frequencies of CD4(+)/CD8(+) Foxp3(+) T cells compared to the PBS-treated rats. These data suggest that the bioactive factors secreted by MSC establish a tissue microenvironment that supports beta cell activation/survival in the pancreas. In addition, because of anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of MSC on T cells, this work can lead to clinical trial of autologous MSC to prevent/cure type-1 diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Autologous bone marrow-derived rat mesenchymal stem cells promote PDX-1 and insulin expression in the islets, alter T cell cytokine pattern and preserve regulatory T cells in the periphery and induce sustained normoglycemia. 1906 54

This study was aimed to study the potential effects of alloreactive NK cells (allo-NKs) in therapy of relapsed lung cancer after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). The F1 donors derived-NK cells were purified with MACS magnetic separation system, in which the proportion of the alloreactive Ly49A(+) cells was detected by flowcytometry and alloreactivity was measured by LDH method. The relapse model of lung cancer after haploidentical-HSCT was established. The distribution kinetic of infused donor lymphocytes in vivo was analyzed. The inhibition of relapse tumor, infiltration of lymphocytes in situ and fluctuation of 22 kinds of cytokines in serum after DLI were compared among different groups. The results showed that the infused donor cells of allo-NK group were accumulated mostly in lung, spleen and kidney for more than 48 hours with considerable higher levels according to the distribution kinetic curve. The sizes of relapse tumors between chemotherapy + PBS group and chemotherapy + DLI group showed no difference. However, the relapsed tumors in allo-NK + DLI group were significantly smaller than that in chemotherapy + DLI group or allo-NK + PBS group, in which increased infiltration of lymphocytes were defined in situ. The levels of cytokines such as MCP-1, IL-17, IL-12 and MCP-5 in serum of allo-NK + DLI group ascended compared with control group, though the level of IL-10 declined simultaneously. It is concluded that allo-NKs prolong the survival time of infused donor lymphocytes in vivo, promote the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and Th1-type of cytokines, and further improve the antitumor effects of DLI against relapse after transplantation.
 ...
PMID:[Alloreactive NK cells enhance the effect of donor lymphocyte infusion in the management of relapsed lung cancer after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. 1923 71

This paper reports the cloning and sequencing of interleukin (IL)-22 in two gadoid fish, cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). The complete transcript of this gene was 1002 and 1154 bp respectively, of which 492 bp was the open reading frame (ORF) in both genes. High amino acid identity (88.3%) was found between these genes but was less than 50% aa identity to other known genes. The gene organisation of haddock IL-22 consisted of five exons and four introns, as with other IL-10 family members. Expression studies showed that IL-22 is constitutively expressed in gill, with low level expression also observed in gut, gonad and head kidney. In a vaccination experiment, haddock were injected intraperitoneally with formalin-killed Vibrio anguillarum or with PBS, and 2 months later challenged by immersion in 10(7)cfu/ml V. anguillarum for 30 min. Head kidney and gill samples were collected prior to challenge and 24, 48 and 72 h post-challenge (hpc) for Real-time PCR analysis of IL-22 expression. No significant changes in IL-22 expression were observed in head kidney tissue but vaccinated fish showed a significantly increased expression of IL-22 24 hpc in gill and no mortalities were seen in these fish. In contrast, control fish, which started to succumb to the disease from 72 hpc, showed no significant increase in gill expression after challenge.
 ...
PMID:Identification of interleukin-22 in gadoids and examination of its expression level in vaccinated fish. 1940 74

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to exert immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects. Its unique positive effects indicate that this enzyme might be a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis. To determine the effect of pharmacologic up-regulation of HO-1 on psoriasis, we generated a guinea pig model of psoriasiform skin lesions using propranolol induction. In this in vivo model, the 3-week propranolol challenge generated the psoriasiform pathological changes on the ears of guinea pigs. And then, guinea pigs were intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg/kg cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), a potent HO-1 inducer, 20 mg/kg zinc protoporphyrin, an inhibitor of HO-1, or PBS as controls, once a week from 9 weeks of age to 14 weeks old. CoPP induced notably HO-1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, CoPP treatment led to a significant reduction of the psoriasiform histopathological changes and remarkable amelioration of the psoriasiform skin lesions, compared with PBS treatment, with a concomitant reduction in proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. Additionally, CoPP treatment resulted in a decreased TNF-alpha and significantly increased IL-10 release. Our results suggest that HO-1 induction therapy ameliorates the psoriasiform skin lesions by suppressing keratinocyte hyperproliferation and attenuating production of inflammatory responses.
 ...
PMID:Therapeutic effects of heme oxygenase-1 on psoriasiform skin lesions in guinea pigs. 1941 14

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) have shown to be potent immunoadjuvants for several pathogens, but there is limited information concerning their use in immunization protocols against neosporosis. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of CpG-ODN combined with Neospora lysate antigen (NLA) or excreted-secreted antigen (NcESA) to induce protective immune response against Neospora caninum infection in mice. C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated subcutaneously three times at 2-week intervals with NLA, NLA+CpG, NcESA, NcESA+CpG, CpG (adjuvant control) or PBS (infection control). Serological assays showed an increased specific IgG2a response in animals immunized with either antigen plus adjuvant and elevated levels of the IgG1 isotype in those vaccinated with antigens alone. Splenocyte proliferative responses upon antigen stimulation were higher in groups immunized with NLA or NcESA combined with CpG, showing increased IL-12 levels. Also, mice vaccinated with NcESA or NcESA+CpG demonstrated higher IFN-gamma levels and IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio. After lethal challenge, mice immunized with NLA+CpG or NLA had lower morbidity score and body weight changes in comparison to other groups, and animals did not succumb during acute infection. In contrast, NcESA+CpG or NcESA groups exhibited the highest morbidity scores, body weight impairment and mortality rates, associated with greatest brain parasite burden and inflammation. In conclusion, CpG-ODN was able to induce a Th1-type humoral immune response with predominant IgG2a levels for either NLA or NcESA, but resulting in an effective Th1-driven cellular immune response and total protection only when combined with NLA. Vaccination with NcESA alone or combined with CpG resulted in a strong cellular immune response associated with high levels of IFN-gamma and inflammation, rendering mice more susceptible to parasite challenge.
 ...
PMID:CpG-ODN combined with Neospora caninum lysate, but not with excreted-secreted antigen, enhances protection against infection in mice. 1942 63

We previously reported in an ovalbumin-induced model of allergic asthma that Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3-L) reversed airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway inflammation, and increased the number of regulatory CD11c(high)CD8 alpha(high)CD11b(low) dendritic cells in the lung. In this study, we investigated the effect of Flt3-L in a clinically relevant aeroallergen-induced asthma on the phenotypic expression of lung T cells. Balb/c mice were sensitized and challenged with cockroach antigen (CRA), and AHR to methacholine was established. These mice received three intraperitoneal injections of anti-CD25 antibody (PC61; 250 microg) and Flt3-L (3 microg) daily for 10 days. Cytokines and Ig levels in the serum were measured and differential bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counts were examined. Flt3-L reversed AHR to methacholine to the control level. Flt3-L significantly decreased levels of BALF IL-5, IFN-gamma, eosinophilia and substantially increased IL-10 and the number of CD4(+)CD25(+) Forkhead winged helix transcription factor box P3 (Foxp3(+)) IL-10(+) T cells in the lung. Administration of PC61 antibody blocked the effect of Flt3-L and substantially increased AHR, eosinophilia, and BALF IL-5 and IFN-gamma levels, and decreased BALF IL-10 levels and the number of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)IL-10(+) T cells. Flt3-L significantly decreased CD62-L, but increased inducible costimulatory molecule and Foxp3 mRNA expression in the CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells isolated from lungs of Flt3-L-treated, CRA-sensitized mice compared to CRA-sensitized mice without Flt3-L treatment and PBS control group. Flt3-L significantly inhibited the effect of CRA sensitization and challenge to increase GATA3 expression in lung CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells. Collectively, these data suggest that the therapeutic effect of Flt3-L is mediated by increased density of naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)IL-10(+)ICOS(+) T-regulatory cells in the lung. Flt3-L could be a therapeutic strategy for the management and prevention of allergic asthma.
 ...
PMID:Flt3-L increases CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ICOS+ cells in the lungs of cockroach-sensitized and -challenged mice. 1944 55

The rising incidence of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) in developed countries might be due to a more hygienic environment, particularly during early life. To investigate this concept, we developed a model of neonatal exposure to a common pathogen-associated molecular pattern, LPS, and determined its impact on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Mice exposed to LPS at 2 wk of age showed a delayed onset and diminished severity of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced EAE, induced at 12 wk, compared with vehicle-exposed animals. Spinal cord transcript levels of CD3epsilon and F4/80 were lower in LPS- compared with PBS-exposed EAE animals with increased IL-10 levels in the LPS-exposed group. Splenic CD11c(+) cells from LPS-exposed animals exhibited reduced MHC class II and CD83 expression but increased levels of CD80 and CD86 both before and during EAE. MOG-treated APC from LPS-exposed animals stimulated less T lymphocyte proliferation but increased expansion of CD4(+)FoxP3(+) T cells compared with APC from PBS-exposed animals. Neuropathological studies disclosed reduced myelin and axonal loss in spinal cords from LPS-exposed compared with PBS-exposed animals with EAE, and this neuroprotective effect was associated with an increased number of CD3(+)FoxP3(+) immunoreactive cells. Analyses of human brain tissue revealed that FoxP3 expression was detected in lymphocytes, albeit reduced in MS compared with non-MS patients' brains. These findings support the concept of early-life microbial exposure influencing the generation of neuroprotective regulatory T cells and may provide insights into new immunotherapeutic strategies for MS.
 ...
PMID:Early life exposure to lipopolysaccharide suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by promoting tolerogenic dendritic cells and regulatory T cells. 1954 41

We investigated the effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation on the recovery of neurological functions in rat's MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion) model and its mechanism. MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Female adult SD rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups: sham-operated group, MCAO group, vehicle group and MCAO + MSCs-treated group. MSCs were injected into the lateral ventricle of rats in the MSCs-treated group and the same volume of PBS was given to the vehicle group. The expressions of IL-10 and TNF-alpha were assayed by RT-PCR and ELISA detections at day 1 and 4 after MCAO. The infarction volume was measured by TTC-staining. All rats underwent behavioral tests before, as well as 1, 4, and 14 days after MCAO. MSCs significantly improved functional recovery compared with the control at day 14 after transplantation. Compared with the MCAO group and the vehicle group, the expression of IL-10 mRNA and its protein level in the MSCs group significantly upregulated. However, the expression of TNF-alpha at day 4 after MCAO in the MSCs group significantly decreased compared with that of the MCAO group and the vehicle group. As a result, transplantation with MSCs significantly decreased infarct volume at day 1 and 4. This study strongly suggested transplantation with MSCs could reduce neuronal injury post focal cerebral ischemia in rats partly by regulating the expressions of IL-10 and TNF-alpha in the brain.
 ...
PMID:Expression of IL-10 and TNF-alpha in rats with cerebral infarction after transplantation with mesenchymal stem cells. 1956 4

Viral infection is associated with approximately one-half of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which in turn, accelerate disease progression. In this study, we infected mice exposed to a combination of elastase and LPS, a constituent of cigarette smoke and a risk factor for development of COPD, with rhinovirus serotype 1B, and examined animals for viral persistence, airway resistance, lung volume, and cytokine responses. Mice exposed to elastase and LPS once a week for 4 wk showed features of COPD such as airway inflammation and obstruction, goblet cell metaplasia, reduced lung elastance, increased total lung volume, and increased alveolar chord length. In general, mice exposed to elastase or LPS alone showed intermediate effects. Compared with rhinovirus (RV)-infected PBS-exposed mice, RV-infected elastase/LPS-exposed mice showed persistence of viral RNA, airway hyperresponsiveness, increased lung volume, and sustained increases in expression of TNFalpha, IL-5, IL-13, and muc5AC (up to 14 days postinfection). Furthermore, virus-induced IFNs, interferon response factor-7, and IL-10 were deficient in elastase/LPS-treated mice. Mice exposed to LPS or elastase alone cleared virus similar to PBS-treated control mice. We conclude that limited exposure of mice to elastase/LPS produces a COPD-like condition including increased persistence of RV, likely due to skewing of the immune response towards a Th2 phenotype. Similar mechanisms may be operative in COPD.
 ...
PMID:Elastase- and LPS-exposed mice display altered responses to rhinovirus infection. 1974 99


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>