Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of the present study was to assess genes expressed in maternal uterine tissue and pre-implantation embryos which are presumably involved in maternal recognition and establishment of canine pregnancy. For this purpose, 10 pregnant bitches were ovariohysterectomized between days 10 and 12 after mating. Four non-pregnant bitches served as controls. Early pregnancy was verified by flushing the uterine horns with PBS solution. The collected embryos (n = 60) were stored deep-frozen (-80 degrees C). Uterine tissue was excised, snaps frozen in liquid nitrogen and homogenized using TRI Reagent. All embryos from one litter were thawed together and also homogenized in TRI Reagent. RT-PCR was performed to prove mRNA expression of progesterone receptor, key enzymes of the prostaglandin synthesis pathway, selected growth factors, cytokines, immune cell receptors, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP). Only pregnant uteri revealed the presence of mRNA for interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4 and CD-8, which resembles the milieu in humans and other mammalians. Similarly, in day 10 embryos, mRNA for transforming growth factor-beta, insulin-like growth factor-1,-2, hepatocyte growth factor, leukaemia inhibitor factor, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta,-6,-8, cyclooxygenase-2, CD4(+) cells, and MMP-2 and -9 were detected, but not MHC-I or -II. We therefore suppose that the canine embryo, like its human counterpart, actively initiates measures to prevent attacks from the maternal immune system to prepare its own adhesion, nidation, growth and further development.
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PMID:Expression of genes in the canine pre-implantation uterus and embryo: implications for an active role of the embryo before and during invasion. 1839 90

Cow milk contains a large amount of an immunoregulatory cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta). The present study investigated whether commercially available pasteurized cow milk retains TGFbeta activity both in vitro and in vivo. Some commercial cow milk increased TGFbeta/Smad-responsive reporter activity and induced Smad2 phosphorylation and the transcription of the TGFbeta/Smad target genes TGFbeta itself and Smad7 in vitro. Mice treated orally with 500 microL of cow milk containing TGFbeta (3 microg/L) daily for 2 wk had increased phosphorylation of Smad2 and TGFbeta and Smad7 mRNA expression in the intestine. These mice also had significantly greater serum TGFbeta concentrations than the mice treated orally with PBS. Furthermore, oral administration of 500 microL of cow milk containing TGFbeta (3 microg/L) daily for 2 wk before the induction of dextran sodium sulfate colitis and lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia ameliorated tissue damage and mortality, respectively, in mice. These in vivo effects of cow milk were abrogated by the simultaneous administration of TGFbeta type I receptor kinase inhibitor with the cow milk, and they were not observed after the oral administration of cow's milk containing little TGFbeta. In humans, 1 oral challenge of 10 mL/kg cow milk containing TGFbeta (3 microg/L) increased the plasma TGFbeta concentrations at 4 h after the challenge. Thus, some commercially available pasteurized cow milk retains TGFbeta activity, which may be able to provide protection against experimental colitis and endotoxemia associated with increased intestinal and circulating TGFbeta levels.
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PMID:Transforming growth factor-beta activity in commercially available pasteurized cow milk provides protection against inflammation in mice. 1905 55

Hypoxia, or reduced oxygen, occurs in a variety of clinical and environmental situations. Hypoxic exposure is associated with decreased muscle mass and a concomitant reduction in exercise capacity, although the exact mechanisms are not completely understood. The activin type IIB receptor (ActRIIB) is a receptor for transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) superfamily members that are involved in the negative regulation of lean tissue mass. Given that hypoxia has negative effects on muscle mass and function and that modulation of the ActRIIB has been shown to increase muscle mass, we tested the hypothesis that pharmacological targeting of the ActRIIB for 2 wk would attenuate the loss of muscle mass and function in mice after exposure to normobaric hypoxia. ActRIIB modulation was achieved using a soluble activin receptor/Fc fusion protein (sActRIIB) in mice housed in a hypoxic chamber for 1 or 2 wk. Hypoxia induced a reduction in body weight in PBS- and sActRIIB-treated mice, although sActRIIB-treated mice remained larger throughout the hypoxic exposure. The absolute forces generated by extensor digitorum longus muscles were also significantly greater in sActRIIB- than PBS-treated mice and were more resistant to eccentric contraction-induced force drop after eccentric lengthening contractions. In summary, sActRIIB pretreatment attenuated hypoxia-induced muscle dysfunction. These data suggest that targeting the ActRIIB is an effective strategy to counter hypoxia-induced muscle dysfunction and to preacclimatize to hypoxia in clinical or high-altitude settings.
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PMID:Pretreatment with a soluble activin type IIB receptor/Fc fusion protein improves hypoxia-induced muscle dysfunction. 1986 40

This paper conducted research on biomechanical characteristics and biological activity of concavity-convex amniotic membrane (CCAM) and discussed its superiority as ocular surface repair material. Folding and compression with vacuum of fresh amniotic membrane were used to prepare CCAM. After cutting the striga of CCAM, sixteen CCAM tissue section were chosen at random to test their tensile strength using electronic universal testing machine. The bilayer amniotic membrane (BAM), the double-deck amniotic membrane (DAM) and the monolayer amniotic membrane (MAM) were as controls. The test parameters included yield strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, elastic modulus and so on. The cytokines of fresh amniotic membrane (FAM), MAM and CCAM were analyzed by radioimmunoassay method. The CCAM was obviously thicker than MAM and DAM. After 15 min in PBS, the CCAM tissue can recover the normal shape. The tensile strength and the elongation at break of CCAM were higher than those of the MAM and the DAM (P < 0.05). The elastic modulus of the CCAM was smaller than that of the MAM and the DAM (P < 0.05). The content of 10 cytokines [epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), b-fibroblast growth factor b-FGF, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived nellrotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)] of CCAM decreased significantly compared with the FAM and increased significantly compared with MAM and DAM in 6 cytokines (EGF, FGF, HGF, TGF-betap, PDGF, NGF; P < 0.05). The CCAM composites is thinner and has higher cytokine content than MAM, and better biomechanical properties than the MAM and the DAM, showing the superiority as ocular surface repair material.
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PMID:[Biomechanic and biological activity assessment of concavity-convex amniotic membrane]. 2346 41


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