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Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper reported the studies on the water purification of breeding Hirudo nippanica with photosynthesis bacteria (PBS). The results showed the PBS could reduce effectively the chemical dissolved oxygen, NH(4+)-N, vulcanization and organic matter of water bottom, as well as improve the dissolved oxygen.
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PMID:[Water purification of breeding hirudo nipponica with photosynthesis bacteria (PBS)]. 1258 3

Ultrasonically induced cell damage and active oxygen generation with 4-formyloximeetylidene-3-hydroxyl-2-vinyl-deuterio-porphynyl(IX)-6-7-diaspartic acid (ATX-S10) were compared in the same in vitro insonation setup. Sarcoma 180 cells suspended in air-saturated PBS were exposed to ultrasound at 2 MHz for up to 60 s in the presence and absence of ATX-S10. The viability was determined by Trypan blue exclusion test. Ultrasonically induced active oxygen generation in the presence and absence of ATX-S10 in air-saturated aqueous solutions of 50 mM 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone was detected by electron spin resonance (ESR). Significant enhancement of the rates of both ultrasonically induced cell damage and nitroxide generation was demonstrated with 40-160 microM ATX-S10. Both rates correlated very well. The enhancement of both rates with ATX-S10 was suppressed by 10 mM histidine. These results suggest that ultrasonically generated active oxygen plays a primary role in the ultrasonically induced cell damage in the presence of ATX-S10.
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PMID:Ultrasonically induced cell damage and active oxygen generation by 4-formyloximeetylidene-3-hydroxyl-2-vinyl-deuterio-porphynyl(IX)-6-7-diaspartic acid: on the mechanism of sonodynamic activation. 1259 87

In this study, we measured the antiallergic activities of ginsenosides isolated from the root of Panax ginseng ( Araliaceae), and of their metabolites, as produced by human intestinal bacteria. Compound K, which was identified as a main metabolite, had the most potent inhibitory activity on beta-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 cells and on the PCA reaction. The inhibitory activity of compound K was more potent than that of disodium cromoglycate, one of the commercial anti-allergic drugs. This compound demonstrated a membrane stabilizing action on differential scanning calorimetry. However, compound K did not inhibit the activation of hyaluronidase and did not scavenge active oxygen. These results suggest that the antiallergic action of compound K originates from its cell membrane stabilizing activity and that the ginsenosides of ginseng are prodrugs with extensive antiallergic properties. Abbreviations. compound K:20- O-beta- D-glucopyranosyl-20( S)-protopanaxadiol DNP:dinitrophenol DSCG:disodium cromoglycate DPPC:dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine DPPH:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl HSA:human serum albumin IC 50 :50% inhibitory concentration EC 50 :50% effective concentration XOD:xanthine oxidase ICR:Institute of Cancer Research PBS:phosphate buffered saline PCA:passive cutaneous anaphylaxis RAW264.7:mouse monocyte leukemiaRBL-2H3: rat basophil leukemia SD:Sprague-Dawley
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PMID:Antiallergic activity of ginseng and its ginsenosides. 1286 69

Endothelial cell swelling is one of the earliest hallmarks of arteriogenesis, the growth and maturation of collaterals. Mibefradil was found to block endothelial Cl(-) channels that control the volume of endothelial cells. Thus the authors investigated whether the blockade of volume-controlling endothelial cell channels would translate into an inhibition of arteriogenesis. In BALB/c mice, the right femoral artery was ligated and the animals received either mibefradil or solvent (phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]) via osmotic minipumps. Laser Doppler perfusion ratio (R/L) of ligated versus nonligated distal hindlimb increased from 0.06 +/- 0.01 (immediately after ligation) to 0.25 +/- 0.02 (day 7) in the PBS group and only from 0.07 +/- 0.02 to 0.13 +/- 0.02 in the mibefradil group (p <.01). Collateral artery diameters were significantly smaller in the mibefradil group (61 +/- 4.7 microm) versus controls (77.3 +/- 0.9 microm) (p <.05). Relative hemoglobin oxygen saturation measurements confirmed these findings (p <.02). The inhibition of arteriogenesis in the mibefradil group suggests that endothelial Cl(-) channels are involved in the initiation of arteriogenesis.
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PMID:Inhibition of collateral artery growth by mibefradil: possible role of volume-regulated chloride channels. 1466 84

The first enzyme-based catalyst that is superior to platinum in the four-electron electroreduction of oxygen to water is reported. The smooth Pt cathode reached half and 90% of the mass transport-limited current density at respective overpotentials of -0.4 and -0.58 V in 0.5 M sulfuric acid, and only at even higher overpotentials in pH 7.2 phosphate buffer. In contrast, the smooth "wired" bilirubin oxidase cathode reached half and 90% of the mass transport-limited current density at respective overpotentials as low as -0.2 and -0.25 V. The mass transport-limited current density for the smooth "wired" enzyme cathode in PBS was twice that with smooth Pt in 0.5 M sulfuric acid. Under 1 atm O2 pressure, O2 was electroreduced to water on a polished carbon cathode, coated with the "wired" BOD film, in pH 7.2 saline buffer (PBS) at an overpotential of -0.31 V at a current density of 9.5 mA cm-2. At the same overpotential, the current density of the polished platinum cathode in 0.5 M H2SO4 was 16-fold lower, only 0.6 mA cm-2.
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PMID:Oxygen is electroreduced to water on a "wired" enzyme electrode at a lesser overpotential than on platinum. 1466 63

Microsatellite instability is a phenomenon that is well characterized in mismatch repair-deficient tumor cell lines, including the potential etiological role of endogenous DNA damage. However, our understanding of microsatellite mutational mechanisms in repair-proficient, nontumorigenic cells is limited. We determined microsatellite mutation frequencies for human lymphoblastoid cells using an episomal DNA shuttle vector in which a (TTCC/AAGG)(9) microsatellite is inserted in-frame within the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene. The responses of plasmid-bearing cells to reactive oxygen species or alkylating agents were compared after treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). H(2)O(2) treatment induced a statistically significant increase in overall HSV-tk mutation frequency relative to controls, with catalase reducing the effect. H(2)O(2) treatment increased the mutation frequency within the microsatellite and the HSV-tk coding region to a similar extent (five and six-fold, respectively, relative to the control). Mutational specificity analyses demonstrated that the proportion of mutations within the microsatellite is not statistically different among the H(2)O(2), catalase, and PBS treatment groups. In contrast, treatment of cells bearing the microsatellite vector with ENU altered the mutational spectrum, relative to solvent control. ENU induced the expected base substitutions within the HSV-tk coding region, but did not increase the microsatellite mutation frequency. The low level of microsatellite mutagenesis observed after reactive oxygen species (ROS) insult likely reflects the normal repair processes of these nontumorigenic, repair-competent cells. Our ex vivo experiments demonstrate the manner in which repetitive DNA in normal human cells might respond to endogenous mutagens.
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PMID:Effects of oxidative and alkylating damage on microsatellite instability in nontumorigenic human cells. 1475 90

Catechin (epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECg), epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg)), which occur in green tea and black tea, possess strong bactericidal action. We observed a reactive oxygen species that was generated from the catechins as the active mechanism: and this reactive oxygen was identified. EGCg reacted with the dissolved oxygen in aqueous solution, resulting in the generation of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide production derived from EGCg rose with increasing pH. EGCg (0.22 mmol/l) in neutral solution (0.1 mol/l phosphate buffer pH 7.0: PBS) quantitatively generated 0.2 mmol/l hydrogen peroxide after 60 min incubation. The bactericidal effect of EGCg is dependent on hydrogen peroxide levels produced by EGCg; moreover, EGCg action was inhibited by treatment with catalase. Both bactericidal effects correlated closely when the effects of EGCg and hydrogen peroxide for the bacterium (9 of 10 kinds of bacterial strains) were examined. Therefore, hydrogen peroxide, which is generated by EGCg, appears to be involved in the bactericidal action of EGCg.
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PMID:Role of hydrogen peroxide in bactericidal action of catechin. 1499 88

High-grade tumors of the brain remain virtually incurable with current therapeutic regimens, new approaches to augment existing therapies need to be explored. The major goal of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of gene therapy using plasmid DNA encoding tumor necrosis factor-alpha and bax together with proton radiation in an immunocompetent animal model with orthotopic brain tumor. C6 glioma cells were stereotactically implanted into the left hemibrain of Wistar rats (day 0). On day 5, the appropriate groups received intratumoral pGL1-TNF-a and pGL1-Bax (10 microg each), parental plasmid pWS4 (20 microg), or PBS. Hemibrain proton irradiation (10 Gy, 90 MeV, single fraction) was delivered 18-20 hr later. Rats were euthanized when signs of illness appeared. In addition, a subset of animals from each group was euthanized on day 9 for immune and other assays. By day 9, 25%, 20%, and 10% of rats treated with PBS, pWS4, or pGL1-TNF-alpha/pGL1-Bax, respectively, had been euthanized due to weight loss or other signs of illness, whereas all rats treated with pGL1-TNF-alpha/pGL1-Bax + radiation or radiation alone were healthy (P<0.05). At this same time, the pGL1-TNF-alpha/pGL1-Bax + radiation group had significantly elevated lymphocyte percentages (P<0.005 or less) and a relatively high level of lymphocytic infiltrate within tumors. Although the rats treated with pGL1-TNF-alpha/pGL1-Bax had the highest levels of activated T helper (CD4+/CD71+) and T cytotoxic (CD8+/CD71+) cells, the values were not significantly different compared to the pWS4-injected control group. Splenocytes in all tumor cell-injected groups had higher mean values for DNA and protein synthesis compared to the non-tumor cell injected control group, whereas oxygen radical production by phagocytes was consistently higher in groups injected with plasmid or treated with radiation. Body, hemibrain, and spleen masses, white blood cell, red blood cell and platelet counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and transforming growth factor-beta1 levels in plasma were similar among groups. The results demonstrate that treatment with pGL1-TNF-alpha/pGL1-Bax combined with proton hemibrain irradiation is safe under the conditions used. Overall, these data support further investigation of this unique combination therapy.
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PMID:Proton radiation and TNF-alpha/Bax gene therapy for orthotopic C6 brain tumor in Wistar rats. 1505 28

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is toxic for human tumor cells and in association with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) can be used as a new prodrug/enzyme combination for targeted cancer therapy. The toxic effect of IAA on neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes is associated with cell peroxidase activity, which is high in neutrophils and low in lymphocytes. The effect of IAA on glucose and glutamine metabolism in leukocytes presenting different peroxidase activities: neutrophils, thioglycollate-elicited macrophages and lymphocytes was investigated. A time-course effect (from 6 to 48 h in culture) of IAA on glucose and glutamine metabolism of neutrophils, thioglycollate-elicited macrophages, and lymphocytes was then carried out. Addition of IAA (0.25 mM) did not have a marked effect on glucose utilization and lactate formation by the three cell types but it raised glutamine consumption and glutamate production by neutrophils and macrophages. IAA had no effect on glutamine consumption and glutamate production by lymphocytes. A strong relationship was found between glutamine utilization (0.999) and glutamate production (0.999) and peroxidase activity. IAA did not change the activities of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, lactate dehydrogenase, and phosphate-dependent glutaminase of 24 h cultured neutrophils and lymphocytes. The effect of IAA (1 mM) on glucose and glutamine metabolism was also investigated by 1 h incubated leukocytes in PBS. IAA did not affect glucose and glutamine metabolism of lymphocytes but enhanced glucose and glutamine metabolism by 1 h incubated neutrophils and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages. IAA caused a marked increase on oxygen consumption by neutrophils, which was more pronounced in the presence of the glutamine as compared to glucose. The stimulation of oxygen consumption leads to a reduction in NADH/NAD+ ratio that activates the flux of substrates through the Krebs cycle. Since glutamine is mainly metabolized through the left hand side of the Krebs cycle, a reduction in the redox state of the cells may accelerate the flux of substrates through glutaminolysis. The toxic results presented here show that the affect of IAA in association with peroxidase involves activation of glutamine metabolism.
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PMID:Indole-3-acetic acid increases glutamine utilization by high peroxidase activity-presenting leukocytes. 1526 71

For understanding the relationship between the increased incidence of sudden cardiac death and air pollution, we examined the effects of intratracheal instillation of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmia in rats. The animals received 1 mg DEP 24-48 h before the ischemia/reperfusion (DEP-pretreated group, DEP-PRE), and were subjected to 3 successive brief ischemia/reperfusion (3 min ischemia followed by 5 min reperfusion) procedures. These were to make the animals tolerant to ischemia/reperfusion-related myocardial deterioration. Thereafter the animals were subjected to a 10-min ischemia followed by a 30-min reperfusion. In the experiments, an increased mortality was observed in the DEP-PRE group compared to the vehicle (0.05% Tween 80-PBS)-treated group. Forty-six percent of the animals in DEP-PRE died during the first 3-min reperfusion period. The animals of other groups were intratracheally instilled with DEP at the beginning of ischemia/reperfusion experiment, or were pretreated with polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase (1000 IU kg(-1), iv). In these animals, incidences of both arrhythmia and mortality were similar to those in the animals treated with the vehicle. In experiments to investigate the effects of DEP on the biochemical and hematological parameters, neutrophil count was elevated by a higher dose (5 mg) of DEP at 24 h after the intratracheal instillation, and oxygen radical production, which was induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, was enhanced at 72 h. These results indicate that intratracheal DEP instillation exacerbates short-period ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmia. Delivery and activation of peripheral neutrophils and oxygen radicals produced in neutrophils might participate in this exacerbation. This is the first article that demonstrates the arrhythmogenicity of DEP using intratracheal instillation in rats.
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PMID:Delayed exacerbation of acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmia by tracheal instillation of diesel exhaust particles. 1537 Nov 83


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