Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

RBC membrane polypeptide aggregates have been quantitated by PAGE SDS and by gel filtration. Aggregates were absent in fresh RBC's from normal controls, but aggregates with MW 4.4 X 10(5) and greater than 50 X 10(6) increased progressively as GSH levels fell in RBC's incubated in PBS without added glucose or calcium. Aggregates of both MW ranges were also present in fresh RBC's from a patient with compensated congenital nonspherocytic hemolysis associated with a mutant RBC G-6-PD, Long Prairie. Since the aggregates were dissociable by treatment with mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol, they are probably cross-linked by intermolecular disulfide bonds. Membranes containing these aggregates may represent an early and sensitive indicator of oxidative damage to red cells.
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PMID:Membrane polypeptide aggregates in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient and in vitro aged red blood cells. 62 30

This study was designed to determine what effect electropulse parameters would have on rate of fusion, lysis, and embryo viability when embryos were subjected to electrofusion treatment in nonelectrolyte or electrolyte pulse media. Previous experiments have shown electrolyte medium (i.e., phosphate-buffered saline; PBS) to have a positive effect on electric pulse-induced murine oocyte activation. In addition, these results also indicated that pulse media containing 0.9 mM Ca2+ induced a dramatic increase in the rate of murine oocyte activation compared with oocytes pulsed in media containing 0.0 or 0.05 mM Ca2+. Pronuclear or two-cell-stage embryos were obtained from superovulated prepubertal randomly bred Swiss (albino) female mice. Embryos were randomly assigned to three nonelectrolyte and three electrolyte treatment media. Nonelectrolyte media consisted of 0.3 M mannitol (T1), 0.3 M mannitol + 0.05 mM CaCl2 (T2), and 0.3 M mannitol + 0.9 mM CaCl2 (T3). Electrolyte media consisted of Ca(2+)-free PBS (T4), PBS containing 0.05 mM CaCl2 (T5), and PBS containing 0.9 mM CaCl2 (T6). Three experiments were carried out; the objective of the first was to determine the rate of fusion and rate of lysis in murine two-cell embryos placed in the two types of (0.3 M mannitol, T1-T3; and PBS, T4-T6) fusion media and subjected to a fusion procedure (3 V, 5 sec AC alignment pulse, followed by a 1.56 kV.cm-1, 99 microsec DC fusion pulse). Control two-cell embryos were placed in T1 for 2 min and did not receive a fusion pulse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of electrofusion pulse in either electrolyte or nonelectrolyte fusion medium on subsequent murine embryonic development. 149 75

Calbindin-D28K (CaBP28K) is a soluble intracellular protein capable of sequestering micromolar concentrations of calcium. The in vivo regulation of CaBP28K by recombinant human nerve growth factor (rhNGF) was studied in adult, male rats. Via Alzet 2002 pumps, each rat received, for 14 days, a lateral ventricle infusion (i.c.v.; n = 5-6/group) of 12 microliters PBS/day containing 1.0 microgram cytochrome C (control) or an equal amount of rhNGF. Six other animals received a vehicle or rhNGF infusion into the central neostriatum. CaBP28K was elevated by 75% (P less than 0.01) in the olfactory bulb following i.c.v. rhNGF in each of two experiments and was not altered in the temporal cortex, hippocampus, olfactory tubercle, cerebellum, or neostriatum. Direct striatal injections of rhNGF did not alter CaBP28K in the neostriatum or other regions (including the olfactory bulb). The increases in olfactory bulb CaBP28K protein levels were verified via Western blot analysis. CaBP28K immunocytochemistry revealed that 33% of olfactory bulb neurons are immunoreactive for CaBP28K and that the number or proportion of immunoreactive neurons did not change with i.c.v. infusions of rhNGF, suggesting that exogenously delivered rhNGF augments the content of CaBP28K in olfactory bulb neurons that normally express the protein. Endogenous NGF may function as a neuroprotective factor by enhancing the ability of these cells to sequester cytoplasmic calcium and retard calcium-mediated neurodegeneration.
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PMID:Nerve growth factor increases calcium binding protein (calbindin-D28K) in rat olfactory bulb. 151 Dec 83

These experiments were designed to monitor influx of extracellular Ca2+ into the murine ooplasm following a 1.56 kV.cm-1 direct current (DC) electrofusion pulse and subsequently to determine its effect on rate of activation. Pulse media consisted of non-electrolyte (0.3 M mannitol) and electrolyte (phosphate-buffered saline; PBS) media each containing 0.0, 0.05, or 0.9 mM Ca2+ (groups T1-T3 and T4-T6, respectively). Cumulus-free oocytes were incubated in 100 microliters drops of PBS containing 2 microM of the calcium indicator fluo-3/AM for 60 min at 37 degrees C. Fluo-3/AM-loaded oocytes were equilibrated for 7 min in assigned treatment media (T1-T6) prior to application of DC pulse. Change in fluorescent intensity was monitored for 6.5 min after DC pulse by photon counting spectrofluorometry. Fluorometric measurements demonstrate a dramatic rise in intracellular free Ca2+ (Ca2+i) following DC pulse is associated with Ca2+ ion concentration in the pulse medium. Significantly (P less than 0.01) higher Ca2+i levels were observed when 0.9 mM Ca2+ was added to the pulse medium (T3 and T6) compared with pulse medium containing lower Ca2+ ion concentrations (T1, T2, T4, and T5; P greater than 0.05). Differences (P less than 0.01) were observed in peak Ca2+i levels 18 sec after pulse with mean percent change in fluorescence of 5.1%a, 33.9%b, 112.7%c, 1.2%a, 9.3%a, and 99.9%c for T1-T6, respectively (values with different superscripts are significantly different at P less than 0.01). Increased oocyte membrane permeability to Ca2+ ion after DC pulse was observed for a minimum of 5 min after delivery of the 1.56 kV.cm-1 pulse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Electrofusion-induced intracellular Ca2+ flux and its effect on murine oocyte activation. 159 84

To determine the role of the cytoskeleton consisting of the microfilaments in osteoclasts, cytochalasin D (CD) conjugated with PBS was administered intravenously to rats at a dose of 1 mg/100 g b.w. Control rats were given only PBS. Then the osteoclasts in the metaphyses of the humeri were examined ultrastructurally, as well as acid trimetaphosphatase (TMPase) cytochemistry. The plasma calcium (Ca) concentrations before and after CD and calcitonin administration were also measured. CD administration first caused a prominent reduction of ruffled borders and spreading of clear zones associated with the occurrence of large pale vacuoles in adjacent cytoplasm. At 1 hr after CD administration, the osteoclasts mostly lacked both ruffled borders and clear zones, but still maintained a normal intracellular organization of cytoplasmic organelles. Morphometric analysis confirmed that CD administration resulted in about 70% reduction of both ruffled border and clear zone areas. TMPase secretion from osteoclasts towards the resorbing bone surfaces was strongly inhibited by CD administration. At 1 hr after administration, although CD caused a decrease of plasma Ca concentrations in 4 of 7 examined rats similar to that caused by calcitonin treatment, there was a slight increase of plasma Ca concentrations in the other 3 rats. These results suggest that the structure and bone-resorbing function of the ruffled border-clear zone complex of the osteoclast is highly regulated by cytoskeleton consisting of microfilaments containing F-actin.
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PMID:Ultrastructural study of the effects of cytochalasin D administration on the structure and acid trimetaphosphatase activity of osteoclast. 166 44

In order to study the mechanism of cancer metastasis AH100B cells, a rat hepatoma cell line, were injected into the left carotid artery of male Donryu rats to form metastatic lesions. Each metastatic nodule in the liver and kidney was collected and injected into the peritoneal cavity of normal rats. About 3 weeks later, intact metastatic cancer cells were collected from each ascites that was not bloody. After washing in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, Ca2+ and Mg(2+)-free, pH 7.2), 1 x 10(6) cancer cells were incubated in the PBS containing [1-14C]-arachidonic acid (AA) at 24 degrees C for 5 min. AA metabolites formed during the incubation period were extracted and subjected to thin layer chromatography, followed by autoradiography. Each radioactive spot was scraped off the plate and its radioactivity was measured. In the cancer cells which metastasized to the liver, the ability to produce prostaglandin (PG) E2 was higher (p less than 0.05) but those to produce PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were lower (p less than 0.01) than in the cancer cells which metastasized to the kidney. These results suggest that cancer cells metastasizing to the liver and the kidney are different from each other in the ability to produce PG.
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PMID:A difference in prostaglandin-producing ability between cancer cells metastasized into liver and kidney. 166 58

The aim of this study was to explore any substance in dental plaque which might affect the demineralization of enamel. Plaque fluid was prepared by centrifugation of pooled plaque from 56 young adults without periodontal diseases. Enamel was separated from healthy teeth of adolescents and crushed into powder. The enamel powder was treated separately by plaque fluid and synthetic plaque fluid (as a control, with similar calcium, fluoride content and pH as the natural). After this, the enamel powder was washed with PBS. Both the plaque fluid-treated and synthetic plaque fluid-treated enamel powder were demineralized by mixed organic acid (pH 4.5). The calcium content in both plaque fluids, PBS and organic acid after treatment with enamel powder was analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that there was no promoting effect in plaque fluid on demineralization of enamel, but, on the other hand, some protecting action was observed which might contribute to the presence of proteins in plaque fluid.
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PMID:[The effect of plaque fluid on demineralization of enamel powder]. 174 2

Peripheral PMNs were collected from blood, and crevicular PMNs separated by filtration from gingival washings in 13 patients, aged 22-75 y, who had varying degrees of gingivitis and periodontitis. After pre-incubation with cytochalasin B, the same number of crevicular and peripheral cells were incubated either in PBS (with Ca2+ and Mg2+) (spontaneous release) or in the same buffer containing increasing concentrations of FMLP (stimulated release); elastase activity was measured in the supernatant by a fluorometric technique. There was a higher spontaneous release of enzyme from crevicular than from peripheral neutrophils. The average elastase activity in the supernatant of 1 x 10(4) crevicular cells was more than five times higher than that obtained from the same number of peripheral cells. However, stimulated crevicular PMNs liberated smaller amounts of enzyme than did stimulated peripheral PMNs. These results suggest that crevicular PMNs are already releasing elastase, and are consistent with the possibility that lysosomal enzymes contribute to tissue damage during gingivitis and periodontitis.
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PMID:In vitro release of elastase from human blood and gingival crevicular neutrophils. 177 24

To reveal the effects of cultural conditions on the cytotoxicity of hexavalent chromium, the uptake of sodium chromate (Na2CrO4) by KB cells and the colony-forming efficiency of the cells were examined under various cultural conditions. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The chromium uptake by the cells after a certain period of incubation with hexavalent chromium was inhibited with the decrease of the temperature (3 degrees, 20 degrees, 37 degrees C), increase of the serum concentration (0, 10, 20, 30%) and increase of pH (6.8-8.2) of the medium. In particular, low temperatures inhibited the chromium uptake by the cells remarkably. However, in relation to the serum addition, no marked effect was found. 2) The chromium uptake by the cells increased with the volume of the medium containing an identical concentration of chromium (2 ppm) and then reached saturation when it was about 0.23 microgram per 10(6) cells. On the other hand, the chromium uptake positively correlated with the concentration of chromium and the total chromium in the medium. 3) The difference of chromium uptake by the cells in different culture media was more marked at acidic pH than that at alkaline pH. However, there was no effect of calcium chloride and glucose concentrations on the uptake of chromium. The chromium uptake by the cells in Ca-Mg-free phosphate-buffered solution (PBS(-] was higher than that in other culture media. Consequently, the above results suggested that the chromium uptake by the KB cells might be affected by the various cultural conditions, especially by temperature, pH and medium volume.
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PMID:[Effects of cultural conditions on hexavalent chromium uptake and the cytotoxicity thereof in KB cell culture]. 209 25

Serine proteases, such as alpha-chymotrypsin or elastase, caused an aggregation of rat ascites tumour cell lines, AH-130, AH-109A and YS, in a protein free medium which preserved the cell viability. This aggregation, which was monitored spectrophotometrically, was dependent upon the protease activities and was resistant to treatment with either a calcium chelating reagent (EDTA) or neuraminidase. However, the tumour cell aggregates were redispersed by treatment with deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I). This dispersal effect was dependent upon the DNase activity. A possible relationship between the tumour cell aggregation and development of blood-borne metastasis was studied. An intravenous inoculation in rats of tumour cell aggregates performed by the alpha-chymotrypsin treatment resulted in significantly higher numbers of lung metastatic foci than an injection of single cells. When the re-separated single cells, prepared in vitro by treatment with DNase I following alpha-chymotrypsin treatment, were injected instead of the aggregates, the enhancement of metastasis was reversed. These enhancement and reversal effects were mimicked in vivo by intravenous injections of protease and nuclease following inoculation of a single cell suspension. That is, the number of metastatic foci caused by single cell inoculation followed by an intravenous alpha-chymotrypsin injection, was higher than that in a control group receiving PBS instead of alpha-chymotrypsin. Again, this augmentation was reversed by an injection of DNase I following alpha-chymotrypsin injection. Furthermore, an injection of DNase I alone itself reduced the starting number of metastases resulting from injection of the single tumour cell suspension. These data suggest that the metastatic behaviour of tumour cells may be increased by protease inducible DNA dependent cell aggregation should it occur in the blood stream.
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PMID:Serine protease-induced enhancement of blood-borne metastasis of rat ascites tumour cells and its prevention with deoxyribonuclease. 212 Dec 20


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