Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of the composition of the polymer coated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), vinyl alcohol/vinyl amine copolymer (A-PVA) and polyethylenimine (PEI) coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) on the colloidal stability, cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of these particles in different cell media is reported in this paper. Although all examined polymer coated SPIONs were stable in water and PBS buffer these colloidal systems had different stabilities in DMEM or RPMI media without and supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS). We found that A-PVA coating onto the surface of the SPIONs decreased the cytotoxicity of the polymer compared to the same concentration of A-PVA alone. As well, polyplexes of PEI-SPIONs with DNA in concentration used for transfection experiments showed no cytotoxicity compared to PEI and PEI-SPIONs. Our data show that the choice of medium largely influences the uptake of these particles by HeLa cells. The optimal medium is different for the different examined polymer coated SPIONs and it should be determined in each case, individually.
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PMID:Effect of cell media on polymer coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs): colloidal stability, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake studies. 1788 Dec 3

This study offers proteomic elucidation of heat pretreatment-induced alleviation of UV-B toxicity in Anabaena doliolum. Heat-pretreated cells exposed to UV-B showed improved activity of PSI, PSII, whole chain, (14)C fixation, ATP and NADPH contents compared to UV-B alone. Proteomic analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), MALDI-TOF MS/MS and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of UV-B and heat pretreatment followed by UV-B-treated cells exhibited significant and reproducible alterations in nine proteins homologous to phycocyanin-alpha-chain (PC-alpha-chain), phycoerythrocyanin-alpha-chain (PEC-alpha-chain), hypothetical protein alr0882, phycobilisome core component (PBS-CC), iron superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD), fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK), phosphoribulokinase (PRK) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) large chain. Except the PEC-alpha-chain, hypothetical protein alr0882 and PBS-CC, all other proteins showed upregulation at low doses of UV-B (U2) and significant downregulation at higher doses of UV-B (U5). The disruption of redox status, signaling, pentose phosphate pathway and Calvin cycle appears to be due to the downregulation of Fe-SOD, NDPK, FBA, PRK and RuBisCo thereby leading to the death of Anabaena. In contrast to this, the upregulation of all the above proteins in heat-pretreated cells, harboring different heat shock proteins (HSPs) like 60, 26 and 16.6, followed by UV-B treatment than only the UV-B-treated ones suggests a protective role of HSPs in mitigating UV-B toxicity.
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PMID:Heat pretreatment alleviates UV-B toxicity in the cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum: A proteomic analysis of cross tolerance. 1907 3

Maghemite (gamma-Fe(2)O(3)) nanoparticles of 15.0 +/- 2.1 nm in diameter were prepared by nucleation, followed by controlled growth of magnetic iron oxide thin films onto gelatin nuclei. Functionalization of these magnetic nanoparticles with activated double bonds was accomplished by interacting divinyl sulfone with the gelatin coating of the gamma-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles. The activated double bonds were then used for covalent binding, via Michael addition reaction, of recombinant factor VIIa and human serum albumin to the surface of these nanoparticles. Recombinant factor VIIa was also physically bound to the magnetic nanoparticles by interacting this factor with the human serum albumin conjugated gamma-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles. The influence of factor VIIa concentration on the immobilization yield has been elucidated. Leakage of the bound factor VIIa into PBS containing 4% albumin was insignificant. The coagulant activity of the physically adsorbed recombinant factor VIIa was similar to that of the free one and was significantly better than that of the covalently bound. The blood half-life of free factor VIIa is short, about 2-3 h, because of digestion by proteolytic enzymes and inhibitory effects. Stabilization of factor VIIa against trypsin (a model proteolytic enzyme) and chloromethyl ketone-type inhibitor was accomplished by conjugation of the factor to the gamma-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles. This stabilization may extend the blood half-life of factor VIIa. Therefore, IV injection of factor VIIa conjugated gamma-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles instead of free factor may avoid the frequent dosing and reduce the cost of hemophilia treatment.
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PMID:Synthesis and characterization of recombinant factor VIIa-conjugated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for hemophilia treatment. 1910 92

The present study investigated the ability of 1.5 T clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect ferumoxides- labeled human neural stem cells (NSCs) that had been intravenously (i.v.) injected into a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. To detect transplanted cells, hNSCs were labeled with ferumoxide then followed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) prior to transplantation. In the rat ischemia-human NSC group, human NSCs (4 x 10(6)cells in 5 ml PBS) were injected via tail vein 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), and the brains of the rats were scanned using a 1.5 T MRI unit over a period of 4 weeks (1 day before MCAo, then 1 and 3 days after cell injection, and weekly thereafter). In histologic sections, transplanted cells were identified by Prussian blue and anti-BrdU fluorescence staining. Regions with hypointense signals on T2-weighted and 3D gradient echo MR images corresponded with areas stained by Prussian blue, which suggested the presence of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles within the engrafted cells. Hypointense areas on MR images were observed in peri-infarct areas 3 days after cell injection. The findings indicate that 1.5 T MRI has sufficient sensitivity to track engrafted stem cells in vivo.
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PMID:MRI tracking of intravenously transplanted human neural stem cells in rat focal ischemia model. 1942 5

The mature human erythrocyte, when submitted to oxidative stress, can demonstrate depletion of reduced glutathione, oxidation of the hemoglobin molecule and aggregation of complexes of iron close to the membrane. These can produce abnormalities in the erythrocyte membrane and hemolysis. The aim of this work was to study the antioxidative action of vitamin C (vit. C), deferroxamine (DFO) and the flavonoids quercetin and rutin in normal human erythrocytes, submitted to in vitro oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide ((t)BHP). Venous blood was collected in citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) solution, as anticoagulant, from healthy adult individuals after informed consent. The erythrocytes were resuspended in PBS to obtain 35% globular volume, and then submitted to the oxidative action of (t)BHP for up to 30 min, with or without previous incubation for 60 min with vit. C, DFO, quercetin and rutin. Decrease in the GSH concentration, G6-PD and GR activities, and increase in the methemoglobin and Heinz bodies (HB) formation, occurred with the increase in (t)BHP concentration. (t)BHP did not effect on the membrane proteins detected by SDS-PAGE. Quercetin, partially prevented the GSH decrease and the formation of HB, but did not prevent MetHb formation from oxidative damage by (t)BHP. Rutin, after (t)BHP induction, prevented the GSH decrease and the formation of HB. Vit. C, had no influence on the depletion of GSH, inhibited partially the metHb formation, and it protected GR, but not G6-PD from oxidative damage by (t)BHP. DFO partially inhibited the metHb formation and GSH decrease, but it did not protect GR and G6-PD from oxidative damage by (t)BHP. The results obtained suggest that vit. C, DFO and the flavonoids quercetin and rutin contribute to the decrease in the oxidative stress caused by (t)BHP.
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PMID:Effect of vitamin C, deferoxamine, quercetin and rutin against tert-butyl hydroperoxide oxidative damage in human erythrocytes. 1949 Jul 63

We have reported that serum IL-6 level was related with the degree of anemia in monkey collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). In this study, we examined whether IL-6 blockade ameliorated an anemia in monkey CIA. CIA was induced by twice immunization of bovine type II collagen with adjuvant. When anemia became evident, anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab was intravenously injected once a week for 4 weeks. Controls received PBS in a same manner. Hematological and biochemical parameters were measured regularly and serum hepcidin-25 levels were measured by SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Moreover, hepcidin mRNA induction in Hep3B cells by serum from arthritic monkeys was examined by real-time PCR. Administration of tocilizumab rapidly decreased CRP levels and improved iron-deficient anemia within 1 week. Tocilizumab induced rapid but transient reduction in serum hepcidin-25. Hepcidin mRNA expression was more potently induced by serum from arthritic monkey and this was inhibited by the addition of tocilizumab. Blockade of IL-6 signaling rapidly improved anemia in monkey arthritis via the inhibition of IL-6-induced hepcidin production.
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PMID:Tocilizumab, a humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody, improved anemia in monkey arthritis by suppressing IL-6-induced hepcidin production. 1963 19

Hyperthermia is a minimally invasive approach to cancer treatment, but it is difficult to heat only the tumor without damaging surrounding tissue. To solve this problem, we studied the effectiveness of chemohyperthermia with docetaxel-embedded magnetoliposomes (DMLs) and an applied alternating current (AC) magnetic field. Human MKN45 gastric cancer cells were implanted in the hind limb of Balb-c/nu/nu mice. Various concentrations of docetaxel-embedded DMLs were injected into the tumors and exposed to an AC magnetic field (n = 6, each). For comparison with hyperthermia alone, magnetite-loaded liposome (ML)-injected tumors were exposed to an AC magnetic field. Furthermore, the results of DML without AC treatment and docetaxel diluted into PBS with AC treatment were also compared (n = 10, each). Tumor surface temperature was maintained between 42 and 43 degrees C. Tumor volume was reduced in the DML group with a docetaxel concentration > 56.8 microg/ml, while a docetaxel concentration > 568.5 microg/ml was required for tumor reduction without hyperthermia. Statistically significant differences in tumor volume and survival rate were observed between the DML group exposed to the magnetic field and the other groups. The tumor disappeared in 3 mice in the DML group exposed to the magnetic field; 2 mice survived over 6 months after treatment, whereas all mice of the other groups died by 15 weeks. Histologically, hyperthermia with DML damaged tumor cells and DML diffused homogeneously. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show that hyperthermia using chemotherapeutic agent-embedded magnetoliposomes has an anticancer effect.
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PMID:Feasibility of chemohyperthermia with docetaxel-embedded magnetoliposomes as minimally invasive local treatment for cancer. 1971 42

The sectional test was adopted in this study to investigate the corrosion of pure iron in 0.15 mol/L NaCl solution, Ringer solution, PBS(-) solution, SBF solution and M199 cell culture medium at three different times. The result shows that different mediums have different corrosion effects on pure iron. The arrangement according to the medium's corrosion ability from the strongest to weakest is 0.15 mol/L NaCl solution (Ringer solution), PBS(-) solution, SBF solution and M199 cell culture medium. The results of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum analyses show that the addition of HPO4(2-), H2POC4-, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO4(2-) and the organic component can inhibit the corrosion to some degree.
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PMID:[The corrosion of pure iron in five different mediums]. 1981 10

Iron overload can contribute to oxidative stress in many tissues. We studied the effects of pretreatment with iron dextran on RGC loss in a calibrated partial optic nerve crush (PONC) model in rats, along with the protection offered by tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl, a membrane-permeable superoxide dismutase mimetic and free-radical scavenger), in the same experimental paradigm. A total of 40 rats in 6 groups of 5-8 animals each underwent PONC in one eye and sham crush in the other. Animals were pretreated with a single iron dextran load 24 h prior to PONC, and treated with tempol 6 h before and then once daily after PONC. Control animals were treated with PBS. RGC were retrogradely labeled with a fluorescent marker; all data are expressed in percent of the RGC count in the respective sham-treated eye. Immunohistochemistry was performed to visualize 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of nitroxidative stress. PONC without iron pretreatment resulted in the survival of only 31.4% of labeled RGC after 7 days. Even fewer RGC (12.7%) survived after PONC with iron pretreatment. However, tempol in doses of 20 mg/kg of body weight (BW) significantly attenuated this effect when given as described above; in the group without iron pretreatment the number of surviving RGC doubled from 31.4% to 62.1%. In the group with iron pretreatment the survival rate of RGC increased even more pronouncedly, from 12.7% without tempol to 46.2% with tempol. Tempol in doses of 1 mg/kg BW and 5 mg/kg BW showed no significant rescue of RGC. Immunostaining showed nitrotyrosine-positive RGCs in PONC but not in sham-treated eyes and an increase in positive cells after iron load. Tempol treatment reduced nitrotyrosine staining in both the iron and non-iron groups. Our results demonstrate that PONC results in significantly greater RGC damage when iron pretreatment is performed, and that the compound tempol may provide additional protection for RGC in cases of neuronal damage both with and without prior iron treatment.
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PMID:Neuroprotective effects of tempol on retinal ganglion cells in a partial optic nerve crush rat model with and without iron load. 1988 42

The ever expanding use of engineered nanoscaled materials has brought about a commensurate growth in concern about their potential risks to human and environmental health. Toxicity of nanoparticles could vary with their physicochemical parameters. The dependence of cytotoxicity on particle size and surface coating of iron oxide nanoparticles was investigated in this in vitro study using the A3 human T lymphocyte as a model. Two different sizes (10 nm and 50 nm) and two different surface coatings (amine and carboxyl groups) of iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles were tested with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) assay and WST-1 assay. In the 1-h FDA assay with PBS, IO nanoparticles did not show size-dependent toxicity to A3 cells in terms of mass concentration; however, in terms of the number of particles per well and the total surface area, they did exhibit size-dependent toxicity. Fifty nanometer IO nanoparticles are more toxic than the 10 nm counterparts. The results of both the 24-h FDA and WST-1 assays in a complete growth medium indicate size- and surface coating-dependent toxicity to A3 cells in terms of mass concentration. IO nanoparticles of the smaller size are more toxic than those of the larger size. IO nanoparticles with the carboxyl group have a higher toxicity than those with the amine group. However, in the 24-h FDA assay, in terms of the number of particles per well and the resultant total surface area per well, the 50 nm IO nanoparticles are more toxic than those of size 10 nm. In terms of mass concentration, the number of particles per well and the total surface area, both of the 24-h assays showed the consistent results that IO nanoparticles with the carboxyl group have a higher toxicity than those with the amine group.
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PMID:In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles with different coatings and different sizes in A3 human T lymphocytes. 2067 62


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