Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A simple, reliable, and reproducible method for separation and determination of five enkephalin-related peptides based on CE with amperometric detection (AD) is described in this paper. A potential of 1.0 V was applied to the carbon disk electrode, which was used as a working electrode in this system. At 15 kV of applied voltage, the five compounds were separated within 18 min in a 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.6) including 2.5% methanol v/v. LOD for five enkephalins were ranged from 6.31 to 54.3 nmol/L. The method was applied successfully to determine the five compounds added in the human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the recoveries were in the range of 95.8-98.2%.
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PMID:Separation and determination of enkephalin-related peptides by capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection. 1821 56

Molecular modelling and computational design were used to identify itaconic acid (IA) as a functional monomer with high affinity towards deoxynivalenol (DON), a Fusarium-toxin frequently occurring in cereals. IA-based polymers were photochemically synthesised in dimethyl formamide (porogen) using ethylenglycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker and 1,1'-azo-bis(cyclohexane carbonitrile) as initiator, and the relevant binding interactions with DON in solvents with different polarity were investigated. The performances of the non-imprinted IA-based polymer (blank polymer, BP) and the corresponding molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) were compared using DON as a template. Both BP and MIP were able to bind about 90% DON either in toluene, water or water containing 5% polyethylene glycol. Non-imprinted polymers with different molar ratios of IA to cross-linker were evaluated as adsorbents for solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up and pre-concentration of DON from wheat and pasta samples prior to HPLC analysis. Samples were extracted with PBS/0.1M EDTA solution and cleaned up through a cartridge containing blank IA-based polymer. The column was washed with PBS (pH 9.2) and the toxin was eluted with methanol and quantified by reversed-phase HPLC with UV detector (lambda=220nm), using methanol:water:acetic acid (15:85:0.1, v/v/v) as the mobile phase. Effective removal of matrix interferences was observed only for pasta with DON recoveries higher than 70% (RSD<7%, n=3) at levels close to or higher than EU regulatory limit.
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PMID:Use of itaconic acid-based polymers for solid-phase extraction of deoxynivalenol and application to pasta analysis. 1826 8

The fruit of the plum tree (Prunus salicina Lindl.) has been used as a traditional medicinal food in humans to enhance immunity against infectious agents and to treat cancers. However, limited information exists on the mechanisms responsible for its immune enhancing properties. In this study, the immunostimulatory effects of a methanol extract of plum fruit following methanol evaporation and dissolving in PBS were assessed by in vitro lymphocyte proliferation, tumor cell cytotoxicity, and nitric oxide (NO) production. The crude methanol extract stimulated spleen lymphocyte proliferation and NO production by cultured macrophages, and inhibited the viability of tumor cells, significantly greater than media controls. Sequential gel filtration chromatographic separation of the extract on Sephadex G-25 and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration columns resulted in a more purified preparation that retained the ability to induce lymphoproliferation, tumor killing, and NO production. These results suggest that Prunus salicina contains immunostimulatory components that potentially may be useful in human and veterinary medicine.
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PMID:Immunostimulatory effects of oriental plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.). 1826 69

Previously we have recrystallized estradiol with various organic solvents and investigated solvate molecules within estradiol crystals by using CP/MAS solid-state NMR. To investigate the effect of recrystallization solvents on the physicochemical properties of recrystallized estradiol, four different crystal habits of estradiol were recrystallized and their physicochemical properties were characterized by optical microscopy, solubility, and FT-IR measurements. Various crystal habits in size and shape were produced by the interaction between the estradiol and different solvents. Although the estradiol crystal habits prepared from ethanol and methanol had larger particle size, they were more soluble in PBS than those recrystallized from isopropanol and acetone. In spite of the low solubilities, the estradiols prepared from isopropanol and acetone were released in PBS and permeated through the hairless mouse skin similar to the others. Thus, although microscopic observation of recrystallized estradiols revealed that the estradiol had different crystal habits, the release and permeation properties of different estradiol crystals might be independent on the solvate molecules associated with the solvent used for recrystallization.
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PMID:Solvent effects on physicochemical behavior of estradiols recrystallized for transdermal delivery. 1827 16

The aggregation of the fluorescent hairy rod, anionic conjugated polyelectrolyte poly{1,4-phenylene-[9,9-bis(4-phenoxybutylsulfonate)]fluorene-2,7-diyl} (PBS-PFP) has been studied in aqueous solutions by molecular dynamics simulations, fluorescence and light scattering. Formation of clusters leads to considerable increases in light scattering, decreases in the fluorescence quantum yields and red shifts in emission maxima. Molecular dynamics simulations considering two isolated tetramers in aqueous solution show that they rapidly form aggregates, and support experimental evidence for the association of polymer chains involving both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. They also provide indications for proximity of aromatic rings, which is likely to be the main factor responsible for the observed fluorescence behaviour. However, there are no indications of extensive pi-stacking. The organic co-solvents methanol, acetonitrile and dioxane break up these aggregates. From studies of the dependence of the aggregation behaviour on dielectric constant or the empirical solvent parameters E(N)(T) and B(KT) for binary mixtures with water, it can be seen that this is not simply an effect of changing solvent polarity, but is due to preferential solvation of the polymer chains. This is supported by molecular dynamic simulations on two tetramers in water-dioxane mixtures (70:30%). It is suggested that similar factors are involved in both the association behaviour and aggregate disruption with other hairy rod conjugated polyelectrolytes in water.
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PMID:Aggregation of the hairy rod conjugated polyelectrolyte poly{1,4-phenylene-[9,9-bis(4-phenoxybutylsulfonate)]fluorene-2,7-diyl} in aqueous solution: an experimental and molecular modelling study. 1865 81

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary fungal metabolite produced by several moulds, mainly by Aspergillus ochraceus, A. carbonarius, A. niger and by Penicillium verrucosum. The present work shows the results of comparative studies using different procedures for the analysis of OTA in maize bread samples. The studied analytical methods involved extraction with different volumes of PBS/methanol, different extraction apparatus, and clean-up through immunoaffinity columns. The separation and identification were carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The optimized method for analysis of OTA in maize bread involved extraction with PBS:methanol (50:50), and clean-up with IAC column. The limit of quantification was 0.033ngg(-1). Recoveries ranged from 87% to 102% for fortifications at 2.000 and 0.500ngg(-1), respectively, within-day R.S.D. of 1.4% and 4.7%. The proposed method was applied to 15 samples and the presence of OTA was found in nine samples at concentrations ranging from nd to 2.650ngg(-1).
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PMID:Determination of ochratoxin A in maize bread samples by LC with fluorescence detection. 1907 23

Salvianolic acid B was separated and purified from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (danshen) by microbial transformation together with chromatography of microsphere resin. The aqueous extract of danshen was transformed by Fusarium graminearum in a bioreactor containing phosphate buffer (PBS), in which rosmarinic acid was transformed into danshensu and caffeic acid and the yield of salvianolic acid B was higher than 85%. After biotransformation, salvianolic acid B was purified by microsphere resin. A parallel test for making a comparison of microsphere resin chromatography between elution by methanol water solution and water was done. The purity of salvianolic acid B was up to 95% at the yield of 62% when impurities and salvianolic acid B were eluted by 45% and 55% methanol solution respectively. The purity of salvianolic acid B was up to 99% at the yield of 90% when distilled water was used to elute the impurities and salvianolic acid B. The total yield of salvianolic acid B was up to 75% at the purity over 99% while biotransformation combined with microsphere resin chromatography by water elution. Microbial biotransformation together with water elution of microsphere resin supplied an efficient method to eliminate the micromolecular impurities and a possible method to purify water-soluble compounds in traditional Chinese medicine.
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PMID:Microsphere resin chromatography combined with microbial biotransformation for the separation and purification of salvianolic acid B in aqueous extract of roots of Salvia multiorrihza Bunge. 1929 55

A heterologous direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for parathion residue determination is described based on a monoclonal antibody and a new competitor. The effects of several physicochemical factors, such as methanol concentration, ionic strength, pH value, and sample matrix, on the performance of the ELISA were optimized for the sake of obtaining a satisfactory assay sensitivity. Results showed that when the assay medium was in the optimized condition (phosphate buffer solution [PBS] containing 10% [v/v] methanol and 0.2 mol/L NaCl at a pH value of 5.0), the sensitivity (estimated as the IC(50) value) and the limit of detection (LOD, estimated as the IC(10) value) were 1.19 and 0.08 ng/ml, respectively. The precision investigation indicated that the intraassay precision values all were below 10% and that the interassay precision values ranged from 4.89 to 19.12%. In addition, the developed ELISA showed a good linear correlation (r(2)=0.9962) to gas chromatography within the analyte's concentration range of 0.1 to 16 ng/ml. When applied to the fortified samples (parathion adding level: 5-15 microg/kg), the developed ELISA presented mean recoveries of 127.46, 122.52, 91.92, 124.01, 129.72, 99.37, and 87.17% for tomato, cucumber, banana, apple, orange, pear, and sugarcane, respectively. Results indicated that the established ELISA is a potential tool for parathion residue determination.
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PMID:Development of a direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for parathion residue in food samples. 1953 34

A new all-aqueous and green process is described to form three-dimensional porous silk fibroin matrices with control of structural and morphological features. Silk-based scaffolds are prepared using lyophilization. Gelatin is added to the aqueous silk fibroin solution to change the silk fibroin conformation and silk fibroin-water interactions through adjusting the hydrophilic interactions in silk fibroin-gelatin-water systems to restrain the formation of separate sheet like structures in the material, resulting in a more homogenous structure. Water annealing is used to generate insolubility in the silk fibroin-gelatin scaffold system, thereby avoiding the use of organic solvents such as methanol to lock in the beta-sheet structure. The adjusting of the concentration of gelatin, as well as the concentration of silk fibroin, leads to control of morphological and functional properties of the scaffolds. The scaffolds were homogeneous in terms of interconnected pores, with pore sizes ranging from 100 to 600 microm, depending on the concentration of silk fibroin used in the process. At the same time, the morphology of the scaffolds changed from lamellar sheets to porous structures based on the increase in gelatin content. Compared with salt-leaching aqueous-derived scaffolds and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)-derived scaffolds, these freeze-dried scaffolds had a lower content of beta-sheet, resulting in more hydrophilic features. Most of gelatin was entrapped in the silk fibroin-gelatin scaffolds, without the burst release in PBS solution. During in vitro cell culture, these silk fibroin-gelatin scaffolds had improved cell-compatibility than salt-leaching silk fibroin scaffolds. This new process provides useful silk fibroin-based scaffold systems for use in tissue engineering. Furthermore, the whole process is green, including all-aqueous, room temperature and pressure, and without the use of toxic chemicals or solvents, offering new ways to load bioactive drugs or growth factors into the process.
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PMID:Green process to prepare silk fibroin/gelatin biomaterial scaffolds. 1992 84

The antileishmanial activity of extracts of Warburgia ugandensis Spraque (Canellaceae), a known traditional therapy in Kenya was evaluated in vivo. Treatment of infected BALB/c mice with W. ugandensis extracts orally resulted in a reduction of the size of lesions compared to the untreated control. The lesion sizes differed significantly for the four extracts (p=0.039) compared to the untreated control. For mice treated by intraperitoneal injection, the lesion sizes increased initially for the hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts and healed by day 42. The lesion sizes for mice treated with methanol increased steadily from 2.47mm to 3.57mm. The parasitic burden was significantly higher (p<0.001) in mice treated with methanol extracts and PBS compared to those treated with hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. This study demonstrated the antileishmanial potential of extracts of W. ugandensis.
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PMID:In vivo efficacy of oral and intraperitoneal administration of extracts of Warburgia ugandensis (Canellaceae) in experimental treatment of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major. 2020 14


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