Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When environmental analysis is performed, the high number of samples required and handling conditions during the transport of these samples to the laboratory are common problems. The comet assay is a useful, highly sensitive tool in biomonitoring. Some studies in the literature aim to preserve slides in lysis solution for use in the comet assay. Until now, however, no efficient methodology for preserving blood samples for this assay has been described. Because of this, the present report aimed to establish the proper conditions for samples maintenance prior to comet assay analysis. Samples were conserved in three different solutions: a high protein concentration solution (fetal bovine serum-FBS), an anticoagulant agent (a calcium chelator - ethylenediaminetetracetic acid - EDTA), and a salt buffered solution (phosphate buffered saline-PBS). Therefore, peripheral blood samples of Rhamdia quelen specimens were collected and maintained in these solutions until testing at 72h. Analyses of DNA fragmentation via the comet assay and cell viability via flow cytometry were performed at intervals of 24h. The results showed that samples maintained in FBS were preserved better; this was followed by those preserved in PBS and then last by those preserved in EDTA. In conclusion, blood samples from freshwater fish can be preserved up to 48h in fetal bovine serum at 4 degrees C in the absence of light. In this period, no DNA fragmentation occurs. We thus describe an excellent method of sample conservation for subsequent analysis in the laboratory.
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PMID:Establishment of experimental conditions for preserving samples of fish blood for analysis with both comet assay and flow cytometry. 1910 2

A potential non-chromatographic technique was explored to purify antibody from human serum based on the thiophilic magnetic beads, which were prepared with vinyl acetate and divinylbenzene by microsuspension polymerization. Depending on the effective surface modification of 2-mercapto-4-mythyl-pyrimidine and divinyl-sulfone, the micron-size magnetic beads could selectively capture immunoglobulin G (IgG) from human serum in a non salt-dependent manner. Just because this specific adsorption towards IgG could be carried out in the physiological pH range (5-7) and at low salt concentration (25 mM PBS aqueous solution), the isolated antibody could keep a high purity (92.7%) and strong bioactivity (99%). However, the responding recovery of bound antibodies from magnetic beads was greatly influenced by the types of salt in the eluate. The sodium chloride aqueous solution was much effective to release IgG from these magnetic beads. Because the driving force for this selective recognition was attributed to electron donor-acceptor (EDA) interaction, the effect of temperature on the adsorption was not obvious. Using the successive isolation, the yield of this technology even reached 79.4%. The strong specificity, rapid process, mild conditions and excellent reusability of this technique bring it great potentialities into the antibodies purification on a large scale.
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PMID:Efficient isolation of immunoglobulin G by paramagnetic polymer beads modified with 2-mercapto-4-mythyl-pyrimidine. 1937 3

Fixation of ferritin using amino-silane modified substrates is effective, but salt and alkali ions of the buffer can contaminate substrates, inhibiting the sensing and fabrication of nano-electronic devices. To avoid adsorption of salts and alkali ions, buffer solutions have been replaced by pure water or alkali-metal-ion-free buffer. However, proteins in such solutions are sometimes denatured. Therefore, we developed a substrate which adsorbs ferritin but does not adsorb contaminants such as salts and alkali metal-ions contained in the buffer. Adsorption of ferritin was achieved by using a buffer with a high ion strength, such as PBS buffer, because the Debye length becomes shorter with increased ion strength due to intermolecular force even when the substrate has no positive charge. The combination of high coverage methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS)-coupled silicon substrate and PBS buffer solution is effective for adsorption of ferritin while not adsorbing buffer components such as contaminants and/or salts on the silicon substrate.
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PMID:Adsorption behavior of ferritin and buffer components, buffer agents and salts, onto silane-coupled silicon substrate. 1978 20

A new all-aqueous and green process is described to form three-dimensional porous silk fibroin matrices with control of structural and morphological features. Silk-based scaffolds are prepared using lyophilization. Gelatin is added to the aqueous silk fibroin solution to change the silk fibroin conformation and silk fibroin-water interactions through adjusting the hydrophilic interactions in silk fibroin-gelatin-water systems to restrain the formation of separate sheet like structures in the material, resulting in a more homogenous structure. Water annealing is used to generate insolubility in the silk fibroin-gelatin scaffold system, thereby avoiding the use of organic solvents such as methanol to lock in the beta-sheet structure. The adjusting of the concentration of gelatin, as well as the concentration of silk fibroin, leads to control of morphological and functional properties of the scaffolds. The scaffolds were homogeneous in terms of interconnected pores, with pore sizes ranging from 100 to 600 microm, depending on the concentration of silk fibroin used in the process. At the same time, the morphology of the scaffolds changed from lamellar sheets to porous structures based on the increase in gelatin content. Compared with salt-leaching aqueous-derived scaffolds and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)-derived scaffolds, these freeze-dried scaffolds had a lower content of beta-sheet, resulting in more hydrophilic features. Most of gelatin was entrapped in the silk fibroin-gelatin scaffolds, without the burst release in PBS solution. During in vitro cell culture, these silk fibroin-gelatin scaffolds had improved cell-compatibility than salt-leaching silk fibroin scaffolds. This new process provides useful silk fibroin-based scaffold systems for use in tissue engineering. Furthermore, the whole process is green, including all-aqueous, room temperature and pressure, and without the use of toxic chemicals or solvents, offering new ways to load bioactive drugs or growth factors into the process.
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PMID:Green process to prepare silk fibroin/gelatin biomaterial scaffolds. 1992 84

A key challenge in the synthesis of multicomponent nanoparticles (NPs) for therapy or diagnosis is obtaining reproducible monodisperse NPs with a minimum number of preparation steps. Here we report the use of microfluidic rapid mixing using hydrodynamic flow focusing in combination with passive mixing structures to realize the self-assembly of monodisperse lipid-polymer and lipid-quantum dot (QD) NPs in a single mixing step. These NPs are composed of a polymeric core for drug encapsulation or a QD core for imaging purposes, a hydrophilic polymeric shell, and a lipid monolayer at the interface of the core and the shell. In contrast to slow mixing of lipid and polymeric solutions, rapid mixing directly results in formation of homogeneous NPs with relatively narrow size distribution that obviates the need for subsequent thermal or mechanical agitation for homogenization. We identify rapid mixing conditions that result in formation of homogeneous NPs and show that self-assembly of polymeric core occurs independent of the lipid component, which only provides stability against aggregation over time and in the presence of high salt concentrations. Physicochemical properties of the NPs including size (35-180 nm) and zeta potential (-10 to +20 mV in PBS) are controlled by simply varying the composition and concentration of precursors. This method for preparation of hybrid NPs in a single mixing step may be useful for combinatorial synthesis of NPs with different properties for imaging and drug delivery applications.
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PMID:Single-step assembly of homogenous lipid-polymeric and lipid-quantum dot nanoparticles enabled by microfluidic rapid mixing. 2016 99

The cytotoxic effect of protoporphyrin IX disodium salt (PPIX) on isolated Ehrlich ascetic tumor (EAT) cells induced by ultrasound exposure was investigated. Tumor cells suspended in air-saturated phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.2) were exposed to ultrasound at 2.2MHz for up to 60 s in the presence and absence of PPIX. The viability of cells was determined by a trypan blue exclusion test. The morphological changes of cells in SDT were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). And the sub-cellular localization of PPIX in EAT cells was detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The ultrasonically-induced cell damage increased as PPIX concentration increased, while no cell damage was observed with PPIX alone. CLSM observation revealed that the fluorescence of PPIX and rhodamine 123 (mitochondrial probe) overlapped very well in the cytoplasm. The results indicate that PPIX could enhance the ultrasonically-induced cell damage and mitochondria may play an important role during sonodynamically induced cytotoxicity.
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PMID:Sonodynamic effects of protoporphyrin IX disodium salt on Ehrlich ascetic tumor cells. 2018 22

Simple or even rapid bioanalytical methods are rare, since they generally involve complicated, time-consuming sample preparation from the biological matrices like LLE or SPE. SPME provides a promising approach to overcome these limitations. The full potential of this innovative technique for medical diagnostics, pharmacotherapy or biochemistry has not been tapped yet. In-house manufactured SPME probes with polypyrrole (PPy) coating were evaluated using three antibiotics of high clinical relevance - linezolid, daptomycin, and moxifloxacin - from PBS, plasma, and whole blood. The PPy coating was characterised by scanning electron microscopy. Influences of pH, inorganic salt, and blood anticoagulants were studied for optimum performance. Extraction yields were determined from stagnant media as well as re-circulating human blood using the heart-and-lung machine model system. The PPy-SPME fibres showed high extraction yields, particularly regarding linezolid. The reproducibility of the method was optimised to achieve RSDs of 9% or 17% and 7% for SPME from stagnant or re-circulating blood using fresh and re-used fibres, respectively. The PPy-SPME approach was demonstrated to meet the requirements of therapeutic monitoring of the drugs tested, even from re-circulating blood at physiological flow rates. SPME represents a rapid and simple dual-step procedure with potency to significantly reduce the effort and expenditure of complicated sample preparations in biomedical analysis.
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PMID:Polypyrrole solid phase microextraction: A new approach to rapid sample preparation for the monitoring of antibiotic drugs. 2044 69

This study was designed to systematically evaluate the influence of pH and serum on the transfection process of chitosan-DNA complexes, with the objective of maximizing their efficiency. The hydrodynamic diameter of the complexes, measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS), was found to increase with salt and pH from 243 nm in water to 1244 nm in PBS at pH 7.4 and aggregation in presence of 10% serum. The cellular uptake of complexes into HEK 293 cells assessed by flow cytometry and confocal fluorescent imaging was found to increase at lower pH and serum. Based on these data, new methodology were tested and high levels of transfection (>40%) were achieved when transfection was initiated at pH 6.5 with 10% serum for 8-24 h to maximize uptake and then the media was changed to pH 7.4 with 10% serum for an additional 24-40 h period. Cytotoxicity of chitosan/DNA complexes was also considerably lower than Lipofectamine. Our study demonstrates that the evaluation of the influence of important parameters in the methodology of transfection enables the understanding of crucial physicochemical and biological mechanisms which allows for the design of methodologies maximising transgene expression.
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PMID:Enhanced gene delivery mediated by low molecular weight chitosan/DNA complexes: effect of pH and serum. 2045 72

The present work describes two HPLC-UV methods for multi-protein quantification using (i) only a Protein A sensor cartridge (Protein A HPLC) and (ii) the same Protein A cartridge in combination with a size exclusion HPLC column (PSEC-HPLC). The possibility to simultaneously quantify immunoglobulin G (IgG) besides a non-binding protein such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) increases the applicability of Protein A HPLC. Its most pronounced feature is its independence of the buffer system, pH-value and salt content of the investigated sample solvent, which includes cell media. A comparison with the state-of-the-art, the photometrical Bradford method, shows that Protein A HPLC is as sensitive as Bradford, but that it comes with an extended linear range of 4 orders of magnitude, ranging from 0.15 [microg abs] to 1 [mg abs] absolute injected protein amount. The applicability of the PSEC-HPLC method is demonstrated for the analysis of real cell culture feed samples. While Protein A binds IgG, the SEC-column distributes the feed impurities by their molecular weight. The peak area ratios of IgG and the feed impurities of interest are then plotted against the collected sample fraction. These Protein A-Size-Exclusion-Chromatographic diagrams (PSEC-plot) combine the performance information of feed impurities and IgG in a single plot. Further it is shown that both methods are suitable for the performance evaluation of antibody purification media using static as well as dynamic binding experiments performed on DEAE-Fractogel and Capto Adhere. The investigated test samples were "mock" protein solutions with increasing complexity ranging from simple PBS buffer to serum free cell media and "real" cell culture feed solutions.
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PMID:Quantification of immunoglobulin G and characterization of process related impurities using coupled protein A and size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography. 2058 8

Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) nanocomposite structure was studied as a function of the filler percentage loading. The resulting state of dispersion was evaluated by XRD and TEM, and the interfacial attrition between PBS chain and lamellar platelets by the melt rheological properties. Hybrid organic inorganic (O/I) layered double hydroxide (LDH) organo-modified by oleate anions was used as filler. It was found that the confinement supplied by the LDH framework forces the interleaved organic molecule to be more distant from each other than in the case of oleate salt, this having as an effect to decrease strongly the homonuclear intermolecular (1)H(1)H dipolar interaction. An additional consequence of this relatively free molecular rotation, affecting the (13)C CPMAS response as well, is to facilitate the delamination of the 2D-stacked layers during extrusion since an quasi-exfoliated PBS:Mg(2)Al/oleate structure is observed for filler loading lower than 5% w/w. This is in association to a non-linear viscoelasticity in the low-omega region and the observed shear-thinning tendency compares better than other PBS:silicate nanocomposite derivatives and is here explained by the presence of a percolated LDH nanoparticle network. Indeed the plastic deformation in the low-omega region is found to be restricted by well-dispersed LDH tactoids in association with a rather strong attrition phenomenon between tethered oleate anions and PBS chains.
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PMID:Strong interfacial attrition developed by oleate/layered double hydroxide nanoplatelets dispersed into poly(butylene succinate). 2060 78


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