Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anemia-inducing factor (AIF) was isolated from gastric cancer tissue; however, the human placenta used as the volume of AIF for further analysis did not prove sufficient. This substance was named placental anemia-inducing factor (PAIF). PAIF directly reduces the number of erythrocytes in vitro and reduces the RBC count in rabbits to 80% when i.v. administration of 27 microg/kg of body weight is given. The aim of this study is to better define PAIF and to examine whether the identifical substance expresses on either the surface or in the cytoplasm of established gastric cancer cell lines. PAIF is a glycoprotein with about 20 KD, whose 17 amino acid residues of N terminus were sequenced after Edman treatment. The N-terminus of PAIF were determined as Lqcyncpnptadcktav. This is homologous with that of CD59, which is thought as a regulator of membrane attack complex of complement system. Expression of PAF or CD59 in four established gastric cancer cell lines were examined by indirect immunofluorescence method and by Northern blot hybridization. The cells (1 x 106) were seeded into plastic plates for three days and reacted overnight at 4 degrees C in 0.5 ml of PBS with anti-PAIF polyclonal antibody or with anti CD59 rat monoclonal antibody. Both PAIF and CD59 were stained positively on the surface and/or in the cyroplasm. The total RNAs were prepared from the four kinds of cell lines and normal human lymphocytes. CD59 mRNA was probed in all cell lines by BamH1-EcoR1 fragment of PSRa CD59. The signal levels of MKN-28, MKN-45 and KATO-III were stronger than that of MKN-74, whereas the signal of normal lymphocytes was the lowest. Although there is no decisive evidence that PAIF is exactly the same substance as CD59, and although the biological functions of these two substances are conflictive, and still to be further investigated, the 17 amino acid residues of N-terminus of PAIF expressed in gastric cancer cells were homologous with those of CD59. A derivative of CD59 may exist in gastric cancer.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res 1998 Sep
PMID:Anemia-inducing factor expressed in gastric cancer is homologous with complement regulatory factor CD59? 989 75

Optimization of techniques for cryopreservation of mammalian sperm is limited by a lack of knowledge regarding water permeability characteristics during freezing in the presence of extracellular ice and cryoprotective agents (CPAs). Cryomicroscopy cannot be used to measure dehydration during freezing in mammalian sperm because they are highly nonspherical and their small dimensions are at the limits of light microscopic resolution. Using a new shape-independent differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) technique, volumetric shrinkage during freezing of ICR mouse epididymal sperm cell suspensions was obtained at cooling rates of 5 and 20 degrees C/min in the presence of extracellular ice and CPAs. Using previously published data, the mouse sperm cell was modeled as a cylinder (122-microm long, radius 0.46 microm) with an osmotically inactive cell volume (V(b)) of 0.61V(o), where V(o) is the isotonic cell volume. By fitting a model of water transport to the experimentally obtained volumetric shrinkage data, the best-fit membrane permeability parameters (L(pg) and E(Lp)) were determined. The "combined best-fit" membrane permeability parameters at 5 and 20 degrees C/min for mouse sperm cells in solution are as follows: in D-PBS: L(pg) = 1.7 x 10(-15) m(3)/Ns (0.01 microm/min-atm) and E(Lp) = 94.1 kJ/mole (22.5 kcal/mole) (R(2) = 0.94); in "low" CPA media (consisting of 1% glycerol, 6% raffinose, and 15% egg yolk in D-PBS): L(pg)[cpa] = 1.7 x 10(-15) m(3)/Ns (0.01 microm/min-atm) and E(Lp)[cpa] = 122.2 kJ/mole (29.2 kcal/mole) (R(2) = 0.98); and in "high" CPA media (consisting of 4% glycerol, 16% raffinose, and 15% egg yolk in D-PBS): L(pg)[cpa] = 0.68 x 10(-15) m(3)/Ns (0.004 microm/min-atm) and E(Lp)[cpa] = 63.6 kJ/mole (15.2 kcal/mole) (R(2) = 0.99). These parameters are significantly different than previously published parameters for mammalian sperm obtained at suprazero temperatures and at subzero temperatures in the absence of extracellular ice. The parameters obtained in this study also suggest that damaging intracellular ice formation (IIF) could occur in mouse sperm cells at cooling rates as low as 25-45 degrees C/min, depending on the concentrations of the CPAs. This may help to explain the discrepancy between the empirically determined optimal cryopreservation cooling rates, 10-40 degrees C/min, and the numerically predicted optimal cooling rates, greater than 5000 degrees C/min, obtained using suprazero mouse sperm permeability parameters that do not account for the presence of extracellular ice. As an independent test of this prediction, the percentages of viable and motile sperm cells were obtained after freezing at two different cooling rates ("slow" or 5 degrees C/min; "fast," or 20 degrees C/min) in both the low and high CPA media. The greatest sperm motility and viability was found with the low CPA media under fast (20 degrees C/min) cooling conditions.
Biol Reprod 1999 Sep
PMID:Subzero water permeability parameters of mouse spermatozoa in the presence of extracellular ice and cryoprotective agents. 1045 55

BIP1is a murine IgG antibody capable of enhancing the IgE binding to Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen. We have previously generated a mimotope of BIP1, designated Bet mim 1, from a constrained phage display peptide library. We demonstrated that oral immunization of BALB/c mice with the Bet mim 1 mimotope resulted in the induction of Bet v 1-specific IgG. The aim of this study was to test the influence of such an oral immunization with Bet mim 1 on a subsequent type I allergic response to Bet v 1. Phages displaying Bet mim 1 or control mimotopes, or PBS alone, were delivered to BALB/c mice by intragastric gavages prior to systemic sensitization with recombinant Bet v 1 and Al(OH)(3), an adjuvant inducing preferentially IgE antibody responses. Only mice fed with Bet mim 1-phages displayed substantially enhanced type I allergic skin reactivity to Bet v 1, as compared to mice pretreated with control mimotopes or PBS. A gastric digestion assay indicated that Bet v 1 and its homologue from apple, Mal d 1, were degraded within seconds under physiological conditions. In contrast, phage-displayed mimotopes were resistant to digestion. Our data indicate that allergen mimics in the diet that resist digestion, can induce allergen specific IgG able to enhance an allergic response. We therefore conclude that sensitization via the oral route may represent a mechanism for aggravating type I allergic reactions, probably leading to an earlier onset of symptoms even at lower allergen dosage.
FASEB J 1999 Sep
PMID:Allergen mimotopes in food enhance type I allergic reactions in mice. 1046 50

We investigated the effects of hippocampal lesions with ibotenic acid (IBO) on the memory of the sound-context-shock association during reexposure to the conditioning context. Twenty-nine adult pigeons were assigned to a non-lesioned control group (CG, N = 7), a sham-lesioned group (SG, N = 7), a hippocampus-lesioned experimental group (EG, N = 7), and to an unpaired nonlesioned group (tone-alone exposure) (NG, N = 8). All pigeons were submitted to a 20-min session in the conditioning chamber with three associations of sound (1000 Hz, 85 dB, 1 s) and shock (10 mA, 1 s). Experimental and sham lesions were performed 24 h later (EG and SG) when EG birds received three bilateral injections (anteroposterior (A), 4.5, 5.25 and 7.0) of IBO (1 microl and 1 microg/microl) and SG received one bilateral injection (A, 5.25) of PBS. The animals were reexposed to the training context 5 days after the lesion. Behavior was videotaped for 20 min and analyzed at 30-s intervals. A significantly higher percent rating of immobility was observed for CG (median, 95.1; range, 79.2 to 100.0) and SG (median, 90.0; range, 69.6 to 95.0) compared to EG (median, 11.62; range, 3.83 to 50.1) and NG (median, 7.33; range, 6.2 to 28.1) (P<0.001) in the training context. These results suggest impairment of contextual fear in birds who received lesions one day after conditioning and a role for the hippocampus in the modulation of emotional aversive memories in pigeons.
Braz J Med Biol Res 1999 Sep
PMID:Role of the hippocampus in contextual memory after classical aversive conditioning in pigeons (C. livia). 1046 90

The diblock polymer poly(l-leucine-block-l-glutamate), bLE, was synthesized by acid hydrolysis of the ester poly(l-leucine-block-l-methyl glutamate). During the hydrolysis reaction the leucine block precipitates from the reaction mixture, forming nanosized particulate structures. These particles can be purified and further suspended in water or in 0.15 M phosphate saline buffer (PBS) to give stable, colloidal dispersions. TEM analysis shows the predominant particle form to be that of platelets with a diameter of 200 nm. Smaller cylindrical or spherical particles form a relatively minor fraction of the sample. After fractionation, analysis shows the platelets to be compositionally rich in leucine, while the spheres are glutamate-rich. (1)H NMR, CD, and X-ray diffraction indicate that the core of the platelets is composed of crystalline, helical leucine segments. The poly(l-glutamate) polyelectrolyte brush extending out from the two faces of the disk stabilizes individual particles from flocculation. At pH 7.4, the nanoparticles (platelets and cylinders) spontaneously adsorb proteins, such as insulin, directly from solution. Partial desorption of the protein in its native configuration can be induced by simple dilution. The reversibility of the insulin-nanoparticle complex is the basis for a potential new delivery system. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
J Colloid Interface Sci 1999 Sep 15
PMID:Macromolecular Colloids of Diblock Poly(amino acids) That Bind Insulin. 1046 44

The cytokine FLT3 ligand (FL) enhances dendritic cell (DC) generation and has therefore been proposed as a means to boost antitumor immunity. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is produced by a large percentage of tumors and is required for development of tumor neovasculature. We previously showed that VEGF decreases DC production and function in vivo. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that VEGF regulates FL effects on DC generation. In seven experiments, four groups of mice were treated with PBS, VEGF alone (100 ng/h), FL alone (10 microgram/day), or with the combination of FL and VEGF. VEGF and PBS were administered continuously for 14 days via s.c. pumps. FL was given s.c. daily for 9 days, beginning on day 4. Tissues were collected and the number, phenotype, and function of lymph node, splenic, and thymic DCs were analyzed on day 14. As expected, treatment with FL resulted in a marked increase in the number of lymph node and spleen DCs and a smaller increase in thymic DC. Pretreatment of mice with VEGF inhibited these FL effects in lymph nodes and thymus by about 50%, whereas spleen DC numbers were undiminished by VEGF. VEGF treatment in vivo also inhibited the ability of FL to increase the number of hemopoietic precursor cells and the level of maturity exhibited by DC derived from these hemopoietic precursor cells in vitro. VEGF inhibited FL-inducible activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. These data suggest that VEGF interferes with the ability of FL to promote dendritic cell differentiation from bone marrow progenitor cells in mice and therefore may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of FL in settings where increased numbers of DCs might provide clinical benefits.
J Immunol 1999 Sep 15
PMID:Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor and FLT3 ligand on dendritic cell generation in vivo. 1047 95

Experimental melanin protein-induced uveitis (EMIU) is an autoimmune uveitis induced by immunization with uveal melanin protein. Fas and FasL enhancement is reported in rats with EMIU. Tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609), a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C, inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction. In two independent experiments, 35 Lewis rats with EMIU received either D609 or PBS daily. The eyes and draining lymph nodes were collected for histology, analyses of nitrite, peroxide, and superoxide dismutase, Fas and FasL immunochemistry, in situ hybridization for iNOS mRNA and in situ apoptosis detection at the peak of the disease. Both experiments showed significant inhibition of EMIU by D609. Decreases in nitrite and peroxide, increase of superoxide dismutase and lower expressions of iNOS mRNA were found in D609-treated, as compared to PBS-treated eyes. There was mild enhancement of Fas and FasL in the eyes and lymph nodes of D609-injected animals. DNA fragmentation was increased in the lymph nodes of D609-treated rats. We conclude that iNOS activation is responsible for NO production in eyes with EMIU. The suppressive effect of D609 on EMIU may result from scavenging NO and activating apoptosis previously inhibited by NO along with other anti-inflammatory effects.
J Autoimmun 1999 Sep
PMID:Inhibition of experimental melanin protein-induced uveitis (EMIU) by targeting nitric oxide via phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C. 1047 88

Free radical-mediated oxidative damage has been proposed to be an underlying mechanism in several neurodegenerative disorders. Previous investigations in our laboratory have shown that putrescine-modified catalase (PUT-CAT) has increased permeability at the blood-brain (BBB) and blood-nerve barriers with retained enzymatic activity after parenteral administration when compared to native catalase (CAT). The goals of the present study were to examine the plasma stability, spinal cord BBB permeability, nervous system biodistribution, and spinal cord enzyme activity of CAT and PUT-CAT after parenteral administration in the adult rat. TCA precipitation and chromatographic analyses revealed that CAT and PUT-CAT were found intact in the plasma and in the central nervous system (CNS) after iv, ip, or sc bolus injections. The highest percentages of intact CAT or PUT-CAT proteins were found in the plasma after iv administration, and similar percentages of intact CAT or PUT-CAT were found in the CNS following all three types of administration. Increases of 2.4- to 4.7-fold in permeability at the BBB and similar increases in the levels of intact PUT-CAT were found in different brain regions compared to the levels of CAT. A 2.4-fold higher level of intact PUT-CAT compared to that of CAT (P < 0.05) was found in the spinal cord 60 min after a sc bolus injection. CAT enzyme activity in the spinal cord was 50% higher (P < 0.05) in rats treated with PUT-CAT continuously for 1 week by subcutaneously implanted, osmotic pumps than the activity found in rats treated with PBS. These results provide evidence that intact, enzymatically active PUT-CAT is efficiently delivered to the nervous system following iv, ip, and sc administration and suggest that sc administration of PUT-CAT may be effective in treating neurodegenerative disorders in which the underlying mechanisms involve the action of free radicals and oxidative damage.
Exp Neurol 1999 Sep
PMID:Plasma pharmacokinetics, nervous system biodistribution and biostability, and spinal cord permeability at the blood-brain barrier of putrescine-modified catalase in the adult rat. 1048 87

We employed two in vitro buffer systems to determine the potential pathogenic effects of Perkinsus marinus serine proteases on the plasma proteins of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). Specifically, this study characterized the oyster plasma protein targets of P. marinus proteases. Additionally, protease-specific inhibitory activity was revealed upon comparison of artificial (PBS) and endogenous (plasma-based) diluents employed during protease digestions. It was found that a C. virginica plasma protein of approximately 35 kDa was eliminated when a standard buffer (PBS) was used as a diluent; however, this protein was preserved when a low-molecular-weight, plasma-based, diluent was used. The results strongly indicate that low-molecular-weight inhibitors of P. marinus proteases are present in oyster plasma. A control (nonparasitic) serine protease, alpha-chymotrypsin, was employed to ascertain the specificity of the protease inhibitors. Although alpha-chymotrypsin possesses ample proteolytic activity for C. virginica plasma proteins, the anti-proteases could specifically inhibit only P. marinus proteases. Such specificity of anti-protease activity is not uncommon among low-molecular-weight serine proteases. The hemolymph target protein was isolated by 2D electrophoresis and isoelectrically isolated for further characterization by N-terminal amino acid sequencing.
J Invertebr Pathol 1999 Sep
PMID:Analysis of the effects of Perkinsus marinus proteases on plasma proteins of the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). 1048 30

We examined the mechanisms involved in the development of lung lesions after infection with Cryptococcus neoformans by comparing the histopathological findings and chemokine responses in the lungs of mice infected with C. neoformans and assessed the effect of interleukin (IL) 12 which protects mice from lethal infection. In mice infected intratracheally with a highly virulent strain of C. neoformans, the yeast cells multiplied quickly in the alveolar spaces but only a poor cellular inflammatory response was observed throughout the course of infection. Very little or no production of chemokines, including MCP-1, RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta and IP-10, was detected at the mRNA level using RT-PCR as well as at a protein level in MCP-1, RANTES and MIP-1alpha. In contrast, intraperitoneal administration of IL-12 induced the synthesis of these chemokines and a marked cellular inflammatory response involving histiocytes and lymphocytes in infected mice. Our findings were confirmed by flow cytometry of intraparenchymal leukocytes obtained from lung homogenates which showed IL-12-induced accumulation of inflammatory cells consisting mostly of macrophages and CD4+ alphabeta T cells. On the other hand, C-X-C chemokines including MIP-2 and KC, which attract neutrophils, were produced in infected and PBS-treated mice but treatment with IL-12 showed a marginal effect on their level, and neutrophil accumulation was similar in PBS- and IL-12-treated mice infected with C. neoforman. Our results demonstrate a close correlation between chemokine levels and development of lung lesions, and suggest that the induction of chemokine synthesis may be one of the mechanisms of IL-12-induced protection against cryptococcal infection.
FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1999 Sep
PMID:Chemokine responses and accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lungs of mice infected with highly virulent Cryptococcus neoformans: effects of interleukin-12. 1049 71


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10