Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The contractile sheaths of five defective, PBS X-like bacteriophages from Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis were investigated by electron microscopy, dodecylsulphate gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion. Electron microscope images of the extended and contracted sheaths were of similar appearance, although their lengths were different. The surface lattices of both the extended and the contracted sheaths were determined by optical diffraction. This showed that the quaternary structure of the sheaths of all five defective phages originated from identical surface lattices, which could be approximately expressed by the selection rules L = -2n' + 3m and L = 9N' + 17M for the extended and contracted sheaths respectively, in which 6n' = n with n = 0 or an integer multiple of 6. These results indicated that the packing of the protein subunits in these sheaths differed from those of other bacteriophages, for example T4 and millimicron [Amos and Klug, J. Mol. Biol. 99, 51--73 (1975); Admiraal and Mellema, J. Ultrastruct. Res. 56, 48--64 (1976)]. The molecular weight of the main sheath protein of the defective phages, as determined by dodecylsulphate gel electrophoresis, was approximately 50000. This value differed from that for T4, but was similar to that of millimicron [Admiraal and Mellema, J. Ultrastruct. Res. 56, 48--64 (1976); King and Laemmli, J. Mol. Biol, 75, 315--337 (1973)]. The results of immunodiffusion experiments, however, pointed to a chemical difference between the sheath proteins of the defective phages and millimicron, in addition to T4.
Eur J Biochem 1978 Sep 01
PMID:The quaternary structure of the sheaths of defective phages similar to PBS X. 10 70

The sensitivity, reproducibility and specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the defective phage PBS Z1 of Bacillus subtilis have been investigated. It was shown that phages in concentrations between 10(8) and 2.5 X 10(10) particles/ml could be assayed with this method. The coefficient of variation for concentrations between 5 X 10(8) and 5 X 10(9) particles/ml was approx. 10%. From some other Bacillus phages tested, only the defective phages resembling PBS Z1 in morphology were detected efficiently with the ELISA for PBS Z1. A comparison is made between ELISA and other assays for PBS Z1.
J Gen Virol 1979 Sep
PMID:An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PBS Z1, a defective phage of Bacillus subtilis. 11 36

The experimental exposure of the pulpal room of rabbit teeth made it possible to apply an ovalbumin agar gel deposit into the pulpal room and subsequently investigate the immune response. Diffusion of antigen from the agar into environment was proven. After 3 weekly applications 5 rabbits showed hemagglutinating anti-ovalbumin titers between 1:128 and 1:512, while 7 rabbits receiving 10 weekly applications had titers between 1:8000 and 1:128,000. Control rabbits which received the agar deposit alone showed no antibody response. Control rabbits which obtained 3 identical weekly doses of ovalbumin in PBS by subcutaneous injection showed an identical immune response as animals immunized via the pulpal room. Specificity of antibodies was ascertained by passive hemagglutination with control antigens and hemagglutination inhibition. Intradermal injection of ovalbumin in 3 rabbits which obtained pulpal immunization, induced an Arthus reaction. The precipitating property of ovalbumin antibodies and their identity with defined ovalbumin antisera was proven by gel diffusion. The results obtained show, that antigens present in the pulpal room provide a strong immunogenic stimulus.
Z Immunitatsforsch Immunobiol 1976 Sep
PMID:Experimental pulpal immunization. I. Route of application and demonstration of immune response. 13 47

The accuracy with which areas of bronchial mucous gland on histological sections may be determined has been investigated with respect to inherent statistical variability in the point counting procedure used, and with respect to variations between the histological stains and observers employed. Very good argeement was obtained between areas determined by point counting and by planimetry. It was shown empirically that for sections of well-defined gland-like structures the accuracy (coefficient of area) of area determination was inversely proportional to the 3/4 power of the mean point count. The constant of proportionality depended on the structure's shape and on the point geometry of the grid used. Using the relationship the count needed to achieve a required accuracy of area determination could be established. It was shown that in general a smaller count was required for a given accuracy than would be the case using randomly dispersed tissue. On histological sections the accuracy of area determination is also dependent upon gland boundary definition, and our experiments showed that a recticulin Alcian Blue stain best defined mucous gland acini, and that a PBS stain gave the most accurate results for whole gland. These experiments also showed that there were small but significant differences in mean areas determined by different observers. The observers were shown to be equally consistent in their judgment of what constituted whole mucous gland and acini, but since they differed over mean counts it is recommended that studies should be designed to use either a single observer or to assign observers randomly among groups. With these considerations point counting can be made an accurate method of area determination for these or similar tissues.
J Pathol 1978 Sep
PMID:A comparative study of the accuracy of area assessment by point counting for bronchial mucous glands. 72 8

Lymphoid cells from A/J mice were iodinated (125I) by the lactoperoxidase lysed with the non-ionic detergent NP-40. The plasma membrane glycolipid receptor for cholera toxin and cell surface immunoglobulin were utilized in immune precipitation systems to characterize the degree of dissociation of the plasma membrane under various conditions. It was found that at 0.1% NP-40 and at cell concentration from 5 to 10 times 10(7) cells/ml, lipid-protein and protein-lipid-protein complexes formed in NP-40 which were soluble after centrifugation at 10(5) times G. Column chromatography of 125I-cell lysates on agarose A-0.5 M in 0.1% or 0.5% NP-40/PBS indicated that the majority of iodinated cell surface material existed as aggregates in detergent micelles. The availability of the oligosaccharide moiety of the glycolipid to interact with the cholera toxin was dependent on both the detergent concentration and the cell concentration used for cell lysis. However, the cell surface immunoglobulin was immunoprecipitable under all conditions of lysis tested.
J Immunol 1975 Sep
PMID:Studies on nonidet P40 lysis of murine lymphoid cells. I. Use of cholera toxin and cell surface Ig to determine degree of dissociation of the plasma membrane. 115 Oct 78

The Hedley method for DNA ploidy analysis on paraffin-embedded tissue allows retrospective studies of large numbers of common and rare tumors for which treatment, progression, and outcome are known. However, the technique is cumbersome and has many variables, only some of which can be controlled at the time of laboratory analysis. We performed DNA ploidy analyses on two blocks from two islet cell tumors and on five blocks from two colon carcinomas. Sections of 50-microns thickness were deparaffinized in xylene, rehydrated in graded alcohols and in distilled water, and disaggregated with various enzymatic treatments: 0.05% pepsin (30 and 90 min), 0.5% pepsin (30 and 90 min), 0.05% protease (60 min), and 0.1% protease (60 min). The cell suspensions obtained were filtered, washed in PBS, and visually evaluated in a hemocytometer. Nuclei were treated with RNAse (0.1%) and stained with 50 micrograms/ml propidium iodide. Results were evaluated with the following criteria: (a) recovery of DNA aneuploid and/or G2M cells (cell-cycle analysis and visual evaluation); (b) coefficient of variation of the major peak (DNA diploid or DNA aneuploid depending on the case); (c) amount of debris (background events and visual evaluation); (d) mean channel for the G0G1 peak; (e) event rate; and (f) G2M/G0G1 ratio. The best results were observed with 0.05% protease when there was tissue necrosis and hence cell fragility, with 0.1% protease when there was significant tissue fibrosis, and with 0.05% pepsin (90 min) when there were intact cellular specimens without fibrous entrapment. The original procedure using 0.5% pepsin for 30 min produced less cell recovery, and histogram quality similar to or worse than these modifications in all cases studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mod Pathol 1992 Sep
PMID:Enzymatic treatments on paraffin blocks for DNA flow cytometry. 134 22

A monoclonal antibody to the rat nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor, 192 IgG, accumulates bilaterally and specifically in cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) cells following intraventricular injection. An immunotoxin composed of 192 IgG linked to saporin (192 IgG-saporin) has been shown to destroy cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. We sought to determine if intraventricular 192 IgG-saporin affected choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzyme activity in the CBF terminal projection fields. ChAT assays from 192 IgG-saporin-treated animals showed significant time-dependent decreases in ChAT activity in the neocortex, olfactory bulb and hippocampus, compared to PBS- or OKT1-saporin-injected controls. ChAT and tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the striatum was always unchanged by 192 IgG-saporin. ChAT immunohistochemistry was confirmative of major cell loss in the CBF, while other cholinergic nuclei appeared unremarkable. The data provide further evidence of the selectivity of 192 IgG-saporin in abolishing cholinergic, NGF receptor-positive CNS neurons.
Brain Res 1992 Sep 11
PMID:Specificity of 192 IgG-saporin for NGF receptor-positive cholinergic basal forebrain neurons in the rat. 135 6

Altered immune functions have been demonstrated in mice following exposure to dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). In particular, changes in cell-mediated immune responses resulted from chronic DMN exposure in vivo. Since cytokines are potent immunoregulatory peptides, experiments were performed to determine whether DMN exposure results in the induction of serum-borne inflammatory cytokines. Animals were exposed to either vehicle (PBS) or DMN (5.0 mg/kg) every 24 hr for 14 days. Serum and liver samples were obtained from individual mice at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hr following the first exposure, with additional samples collected every 24 hr preceding the daily DMN exposure. Sera were then analyzed for IL-1 beta, IL-3, IL-6, CSF-1, GM-CSF, and TNF-alpha activities using either biological or immunological assays. In addition, liver total cellular RNA was probed for the induction of IL-1 beta transcripts using the solution hybridization/RNase protection assay. IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha serum activities were observed within 2 hr of DMN exposure and returned to vehicle control levels by 3 days even though DMN exposure was maintained. Chronic expression of cytokine activity (after 72 hr) was only observed for GM-CSF. A rapid induction of IL-1 beta transcripts (within 1 hr) in both vehicle and DMN-treated animals was observed by solution hybridization. However, by 3 hr postexposure, transcript levels decreased in the vehicle-treated animals while remaining elevated in the DMN-treated animals for 6 hr. These results demonstrated that DMN exposure in vivo induced: (1) the expression of serum-borne cytokine activities, and (2) IL-1 beta transcription in liver tissue.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1992 Sep
PMID:Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 inflammatory cytokine expression. 138 24

We examined the role of C activation in ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting C activation in a rat model of mesenteric arterial occlusion. In anesthetized rats, 60 min of mesenteric arterial occlusion was followed by 3 h of reperfusion. PBS alone or containing soluble C receptor 1 (3 or 6 mg) was administered i.v. Controls underwent laparotomy without ischemia. Relative serum C activities were assessed by hemolytic assay, neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte) sequestration by tissue content of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, intestinal mucosal injury by histologic grading, lung vascular permeability by the ratio of bronchoalveolar lavage to blood concentration of radiolabeled BSA, and endothelial cell injury was quantified by measurement of plasma factor VIII-related Ag. After reperfusion, PBS-treated animals had increased intestinal MPO (0.048 +/- 0.007 U/g) compared to sham (0.022 +/- 0.005 U/g (p less than 0.05)) and intestinal mucosal injury score (2.490 +/- 0.221) compared to sham (0.331 +/- 0.045 (p less than 0.05)). Treatment with 6 mg soluble C receptor 1 15 min before reperfusion reduced intestinal MPO (0.017 +/- 0.003 U/g (p less than 0.05)) and mucosal injury (1.733 +/- 0.168 (p less than 0.05)) compared to PBS control. PBS-treated animals also demonstrated increased lung MPO (0.314 +/- 0.025 U/g vs 0.085 +/- 0.018 in sham (p less than 0.05)) and increased lung permeability (bronchoalveolar lavage/blood cpm 11.32 +/- 1.35 x 10(-3) vs sham 2.22 +/- 0.19 x 10(-3) (p less than 0.05)). Treatment with 6 mg soluble C receptor 1 15 min before reperfusion or at reperfusion reduced the lung permeability (bronchoalveolar lavage/blood cpm 3.90 +/- 0.79 x 10(-3) and 5.08 +/- 0.75, respectively (both p less than 0.05)) compared to PBS control, but did not reduce lung MPO (0.342 +/- 0.031 U/g and 0.246 +/- 0.025), respectively. Treatment with sCR1 also reduced the release of factor VIII-related Ag, 5-day mortality, and C hemolytic activity. In this model, C is a major mediator of intestinal injury and extraintestinal injury.
J Immunol 1992 Sep 01
PMID:Soluble complement receptor type 1 ameliorates the local and remote organ injury after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in the rat. 138 51

Two colour flow cytometry was used to analyse in situ cytokine expression by human monocytes. Whole blood was cultured in siliconised glass bottles, with or without E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), for various times, and the mononuclear cells (MNCs) then exposed to a variety of permeabilisation procedures prior to flow cytometric analysis. Paraformaldehyde (PF)/saponin fixation preserved cellular morphology, and caused a reproducible degree of permeabilisation (estimated by propidium iodide inclusion: mean 94%, range 86-99% (n = 33)). After fixation with 4% PF and permeabilisation with 1% saponin at 0 degrees C in PBS containing 20% human serum, MNCs were incubated with phycoerythrin(PE)-conjugated mouse anti-CD14 (monocyte phenotype) and polyclonal rabbit anti-human interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-1 beta, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), or control rabbit IgG. Binding of rabbit antibodies was detected using goat anti-rabbit IgG fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). FITC fluorescence was increased in CD14 PE positive cells with the three anti-cytokine antibodies following LPS stimulation, compared with controls. There was a reproducible dose related response in monocyte IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha expression following LPS stimulation, with early peaks in TNF-alpha (2 h), compared with IL-1 beta (4 h), and IL-1 alpha (12 h). Specificity of this cytokine detection system was confirmed by inhibition studies using the corresponding recombinant human cytokines, by an absence of staining in CD14 negative or unpermeabilised MNCs, and by the characteristic cytoplasmic localisation of the different cytokines visualised with UV immunochemistry. Hence, the methods described here provide a reproducible, semiquantitative and specific assay for the detection of cell associated monokines. The technique may be applicable to the analysis of a variety of different cytokines in other phenotypically defined cell populations.
J Immunol Methods 1992 Sep 18
PMID:The detection of intracytoplasmic interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha expression in human monocytes using two colour immunofluorescence flow cytometry. 140 37


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