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Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rabbit morulae were exposed to a vitrification solution-modified PBS [PB1] medium containing 40% ethylene glycol + 18% Ficoll + 0.3 M sucrose (EFS) for 2, 5, or 10 min at 20 degrees C and were vitrified in liquid nitrogen. When morulae were rapidly warmed, 96% had an intact zona pellucida. When embryos were cultured after removal of the mucin coat, high proportions of them formed blastocoel (79-100%), but the percentage of embryos developed to fully expanded blastocysts decreased with increased exposure time 87%, 40%, and 17%). The survival rate of morulae vitrified after removal of the mucin coat was lower than that of mucin-intact embryos. To assess the development potential in vivo, 131 embryos were vitrified after 2 min of exposure to EFS solution; all the embryos were recovered and 120 were transferred to recipients without removal of the mucin coat, resulting in 78 (65%) full-term fetuses or young. This simple method, which yields high survival both in vitro and in vivo, will be of practical use for vitrifying rabbit embryos.
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PMID:High survival of rabbit morulae after vitrification in an ethylene glycol-based solution by a simple method. 139 2

Mouse morulae were exposed in one step to a vitrification solution (EFS, a modified PBS containing 40% ethylene glycol, 18% Ficoll, and 0.3-M sucrose) at various temperatures, then cooled rapidly in liquid nitrogen, and then warmed rapidly. All of the embryos exposed to the EFS solution for 0.5 min at 25 degrees C before vitrification developed in culture. However, survival rates were lower if the duration of exposure was prolonged to 2, 5, or 10 min. At lower ambient temperatures (20, 10, and 5 degrees C), high survival rates were associated with longer exposure to the EFS solution. The toxicity of the EFS solution was also lower at lower temperatures. The toxic injury of morulae was manifested as decompaction of the blastomeres. Among the three additives in the EFS solution, ethylene glycol, which can cross cell membranes, was responsible for the toxicity. The results show that the optimum time for exposure of the embryos to the EFS solution before rapid cooling varies with the ambient temperature, i.e., 0.5 min at 25 degrees C, 0.5-5 min at 20 degrees C, 2-5 min at 10 degrees C, and 2-10 min at 5 degrees C. If they are exposed for an optimum period, almost all mouse morulae can survive vitrification (94-100%).
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PMID:Survival of mouse morulae vitrified in an ethylene glycol-based solution after exposure to the solution at various temperatures. 149 79

Viability following vitrification of equine blastocysts with different sizes was investigated in vitro. Twenty-four blastocysts were classified into three groups according to their diameters (< 200 microns, 200-300 microns and > 300 microns; n = 8 each). The solution used for vitrification was defined as EFS and contained 40% ethylene glycol, 18% Ficoll and 0.3 M sucrose in modified-phosphate-buffered saline (m-PBS). During pretreatment with 20% ethylene glycol in m-PBS for 20 min, the larger blastocysts responded to the osmotic pressure caused by 20% ethylene glycol more slowly than the smaller blastocysts. Single blastocysts were loaded into the EFS in 0.25-mL straws, left to stand for 1 min and vitrified in nitrogen vapour. After thawing for 20 s in water (20 degrees C), a fractured zona pellucida or capsule was seen in: 1 of 8 blastocysts < 200 microns in diameter; 1 of 8 blastocysts 200-300 microns in diameter; and 2 of 8 blastocysts > 300 microns in diameter. When the blastocysts were cultured for 48 h in TCM199 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2 in air, 7 of 8 (88%) blastocysts < 200 microns in diameter and 6 of 8 (75%) blastocysts 200-300 microns in diameter developed with re-expansion of the blastocoele. However, the developmental ability of blastocysts > 300 microns in diameter (2 of 8, 25%) was significantly lower than that of blastocysts < 200 microns in diameter (P < 0.05).
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PMID:Large equine blastocysts are damaged by vitrification procedures. 756 49

The capacity of different vitrification media and methods was tested onto in vivo and in vitro produced bovine morula/blastocysts and their ultrastructure and survival studied post-thawing. Two vitrification solutions were finally selected, named 40 ES (40% ethylene glycol in PBS containing 0.5 M sucrose) and 35 EFS (composed of 35% (v/v) ethylene glycol in PBS containing 0.5 M/l sucrose and 30% (w/v) Ficoll 70). The straws were either precooled or not precooled in nitrogen vapour, plunged and stored in LN2 for 10-25 days, and then thawed in a 20 degrees C waterbath. The content of the straws was rediluted in 1M sucrose solution in PBS and later cocultured with BOEC for 48 h. The overall survival rates for in vitro and in vivo embryos were 36% (12 of 33) and 20% (3 of 15) after 24 h and 21% (7 of 33) and 33% (5 of 15) after 48 h. The survival rates for precooled embryos were significantly higher than for not precooled (48% vs 13% after 24 h and 44% vs 4% after 48 h) when tested across vitrification media. The in vitro-produced embryos presented an ultrastructure similar to the pre-freeze state, irrespective of the vitrification media used. The in vivo developed embryos showed a rather modified post-thaw ultrastructure, with clear signs of osmotic changes at both the trophoblastic and embryonic cells. The results indicated that in vitro and in vivo developed bovine embryos can survive vitrification using ethylene glycol as a cryoprotectant.
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PMID:Survival rate and ultrastructure of vitrified bovine in vitro and in vivo developed embryos. 767 26