Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An experimental model of hepatitis E was established in Rhesus Monkeys. Four animals were inoculated with stool suspensions that obtained from patients with hepatitis E. Two animals injected with PBS were taken as negative controls. After 4-6 weeks the ALT of the four animals infected HEV raised 3-4 times and the live biopsy showed acidophilic degeneration of hepatocytes and coagulative liver cell necrosis. Acidophilic bodies were frequently observed. Foci of lytic single-cell necrosis were also observed. Degenerative and microinflammatory changes in liver parenchyma in zones 1-2 of liver lobules were accompanied by inconspicuous infiltrations in portal tracts. 27-34 nm virus-like particles were recovered from the stools of infection animals by IEM.
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PMID:[Experimental infection with hepatitis E virus in rhesus monkeys]. 133 1

BALB/C female mice were given different dosages of TNF in 0.1 ml sterile PBS containing 1% human serum albumin. Control mice were injected with PBS and human albumin alone. Autopsy examination was carried out and blood biochemistry studied. The results showed that the LD50 was 6 X 10(7) mu/kg. There were serious hyperemia and inflammation of the organs of dead mice, while other smaller dosages of TNF caused acute toxicity of different degrees, except for the 3 X 10(6) mu/kg dosage. Changes of alkaline phosphatase were significant compared with control. Blood sugar increases correlated with the TNF dosage. Changes of GPT and BUN were insignificant. TNF levels in the sera of humans and rabbits were also studied following TNF injection. The serum level of TNF decreased rather quickly in both animals and patients: about 85% of TNF was lost within 5 min after TNF injection, and no TNF could be detected 6 hrs after injection.
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PMID:[Studies on acute toxicity and serum level changes of tumor necrosis factor]. 253 78

Sixty C3H/He male mice were divided into 6 groups (10 mice per group). Control mice (group I) received three injections of PBS and drinking water. Mice of group II were injected with PBS but drinking water was substituted by ethanol solutions with increasing concentration of ethanol (w/v): 6% during the first week of experiment, 10% during the second and 20% during the third week. Group III received three intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 (1 ml of CCl4 per 1 kg of body weight) and water for drinking. Group IV was treated with CCl4 as group III, but drinking water was substituted by ethanol solutions with increasing concentrations as in the group II. Samples of blood, liver and spleen were taken 24 h after the third acute CCl4 intoxication. Group IIIa and IVa were treated as group III and IV, respectively, but samples of blood and organs were taken a week after the last CCl4 injection. A typical increase in serum ALT and necrosis of hepatocytes as confirmed by the histological examination, was observed 24 h after CCl4 injections (group III and IV). A week later (group IIIa and IVa) regenerative changes in the liver and a significant decrease in ALT serum activity was observed. Acute CCl4 intoxication (group III) significantly decreased IFN production in liver and spleen cells isolated 24 h after the last CCl4 injection. Combined CCl4 and ethanol administration affected very strongly IFN production (group IV).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of carbon tetrachloride intoxication and ethanol ingestion on interferon production in mice. 748 75

Heptral (S-adenosine-L-methionine) was given to 32 patients with chronic diffuse diseases of the liver and intrahepatic cholestasis. 16 of them had primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Phase I of the treatment lasted 16 days when the drug was injected intravenously in a dose 800 mg/day. It was followed by phase 2--1600 mg/day taken for 16 days. A response was registered in the majority of patients. They had relieved symptoms of asthenia, skin pruritus, jaundice. The patients with liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis exhibited a statistically significant fall in ALT, AST and GGTP. PBS patients showed insignificant lowering of cholesterol, bilirubin. No resistance was noted in repeated courses. Heptral tolerance was satisfactory.
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PMID:[Clinical trial of heptral in patients with chronic diffuse liver disease with intrahepatic cholestasis syndrome]. 986 18

The present study was done to determine the effect of trolox C, a hydrophilic analogue of vitamin E, on hepatic injury, especially the alteration in cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-dependent drug metabolism during ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Rats were subjected to 60 min of hepatic ischemia and 5 h of reperfusion. Rats were treated intravenously with trolox C (2.5 mg/kg) or vehide (PBS, pH 7.4), 5 min before reperfusion. Serum alanine aminotransferase and lipid peroxidation levels were markedly increased after I/R. This increase was significantly suppressed by trolox C. Cytochrome P-450 content was decreased after I/R but was restored by trolox C. There were no significant differences in ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (CYP 1A1) and methoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (CYP 1A2) activities among any of the experimental groups. Pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (CYP 2B1) activity was decreased and aniline p-hydroxylase (CYP 2E1) activity was increased after I/R. Both these changes were prevented by trolox C. Our findings suggest that trolox C reduces hepatocellular damage as indicated by abnormalities in microsomal drug-metabolizing function during I/R, and that this protection is, in part, caused by decreased lipid peroxidation.
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PMID:Trolox C ameliorates hepatic drug metabolizing dysfunction after ischemia/reperfusion. 1251 Aug 51

The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of Aloe vera leaf pulp and gel extracts on the liver tissue of neonatal streptozotocin (n0STZ)-induced type-II diabetic rats. The diabetic rats were separated into four groups and each group was given the following samples by gavage, daily for 15 d: phosphate buffered saline (PBS; diabetic control), Aloe leaf pulp extract, Aloe leaf gel extract, glibenclamide. Liver tissues were examined histologically. The markers of oxidative stress: glutathione (GSH), non-enzymatic glycosylation (NEG) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), were determined in liver tissue. Biochemical parameters for liver function: serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine transaminase (ALP) activities, were evaluated. All parameters were also determined in healthy (non diabetic) rats for comparison. In the diabetic control group, the degenerative changes in liver tissue were remarkable, while in the diabetic groups given Aloe pulp and gel extracts and glibenclamide, the damage to the liver tissue was decreased. The increase of GSH and the decrease of NEG and LPO in liver tissues with the treatment of Aloe gel extract, is consistent with the beneficial effect of Aloe. Serum ALP and ALT activities were also decreased in the groups given Aloe gel extract. It was concluded that Aloe gel extract has a protective effect comparable to glibenclamide against hepatotoxicity produced by diabetes if used in the treatment of type-II diabetes.
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PMID:Effect of Aloe vera leaf gel and pulp extracts on the liver in type-II diabetic rat models. 1513 47

Group A streptococcus (GAS) infection can cause severe invasive diseases, including necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Cordyceps sinensis, a Chinese herbal medicine, is an immunomodulator. In this study the air-pouch bacterial inoculation model was used to investigate the protective efficacy of C. sinensis mycelium extract against GAS infection. Force-feeding mice with C. sinensis mycelium extract for 3 consecutive days before GAS infection increased the survival rate and reduced local skin-tissue injury compared with mice fed PBS. Bacterial numbers in the air pouch exudates from C. sinensis-treated mice were lower than those from PBS-treated mice. Blood and organs in PBS-treated mice showed bacterial dissemination, but those in C. sinensis-treated mice did not. Three days of pretreatment with C. sinensis extract followed by C. sinensis treatment every other day after GAS infection resulted in 100% survival. The post-GAS-infection levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen in the sera of C. sinensis-treated mice were lower than those of PBS-treated mice. Taken together, these results show that C. sinensis mycelium extract protects by decreasing bacterial growth and dissemination, thereby increasing mouse survival rate. IL-12 and IFN-gamma expression and macrophage phagocytic activity also increased after C. sinensis treatment.
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PMID:Cordyceps sinensis mycelium protects mice from group A streptococcal infection. 1601 34

Nafamostat mesilate (NM) is a synthetic protease inhibitor with various biological effects. To determine its effect on liver injury related to sepsis, we investigated the effects of NM on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury. Wistar rats were allocated into two groups; the NM group underwent intraperitoneal NM administration 30 min before LPS administration, and the control group underwent PBS administration. Serum AST and ALT levels were significantly decreased in NM-treated rats. Reduced levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IFN-gamma were observed after LPS administration in NM-treated rats. No significant differences were observed in IL-6 levels between the NM and the control group. In contrast, HGF levels were significantly increased only in control rats. NM treatment decreased protein and mRNA levels of TLR-4 and CD14. Our data suggest that NM treatment has protective effects against LPS-induced hepatotoxicity through downregulation of TLR4 and CD14 in liver, which decreased TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IFN-gammaproduction in liver.
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PMID:Protective effects of nafamostat mesilate on liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats: possible involvement of CD14 and TLR-4 downregulation on Kupffer cells. 1707 64

The mechanisms through which Candida albicans is recognized by immune cells and how it triggers host defence are not completely understood. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Concanavalin-A on the clearance of C. albicans by infected mice and their production of proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Subgroups of 5 animals were pretreated with Con-A (250 mug mL(-1) PBS) and after 96 h were infected intraperitoneally with 10(7) cells of C. albicans CR15 (an isolate from a HIV+ person); 30 min, 2, 6, 24 or 72 h after infection the mice were sacrificed. Phagocytosis of C. albicans by peritoneal macrophages increased 30 min after infection in mice pretreated with Con-A. The liver presented the greatest number of CFUs, and this number was reduced by pretreatment with Con-A. Control animals infected with C. albicans presented a significant increase in plasmatic alanine aminotransferase, which was not observed in mice treated with Con-A. Two hours after infection the production of TNF-alpha in the liver of mice pretreated with Con-A was significantly increased. These results suggest that a single dose of Con-A caused a beneficial modulating action of the inflammatory response during infection with C. albicans.
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PMID:Low dose of Concanavalin-A enhances innate immune response and prevents liver injury in mice infected with Candida albicans. 1728 81

Rice shochu distilled residue (RSDR) is a byproduct of rice shochu production. RSDR was converted into vinegar by acetate fermentation. In our present study, two major antioxidant compounds, tyrosol and ferulic acid, were identified from the RSDR-derived vinegar. Furthermore, we investigated the antioxidant activity of freeze-dried RSDR-derived vinegar, which was Acetobactor aceti fermentation powder (AFP), in vitro and in vivo. AFP at 0.25 mg/mL or higher concentrations showed an inhibitory effect against lipid peroxidation and cellular GSH depletion in HepG2 cells induced by H(2)O(2) (P < 0.05). We thus considered the potential of AFP in protecting cells against damage induced by H(2)O(2). Its antioxidant activity was evaluated in vivo using carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced acute liver injury mouse models. Five consecutive days of oral preadministration of AFP dissolved in PBS at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight significantly suppressed lipid peroxidation in the liver induced by CCl(4) (P < 0.01). Consequently, treatment with AFP at 200 mg/kg body weight or higher doses suppressed the elevation of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in serum (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that RSDR-derived vinegar can be developed as a health food with an antioxidant effect for the prevention of oxidative injury and cancer.
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PMID:Antioxidant activity of vinegar produced from distilled residues of the Japanese liquor shochu. 1843 34


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