Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objective of this study was to improve the survival of in vitro-produced bovine morulae after cry opreservation. In Experiment 1, presumptive zygotes at 20 h post-insemination (hpi) were cultured in a mixture of modified synthetic oviduct fluid (m-SOF)/0.3% BSA and m-SOF/0.3% linoleic acid-albumin from bovine serum (LAA) at 39.0 degrees C in 5% O2, 5% CO2 and 90% N2 (final LAA concentration: 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1 or 0.3%). Morulae harvested at 138 hpi were frozen and thawed in m-PBS/0.3% BSA containing 1.5 M ethylene glycol and were cultured for 96 h in m-SOF/10% FBS to assess further development. The post-thaw survival of morulae derived from culture in 0.1% LAA (60%, P < 0.01) and in 0.03% LAA (55%, P < 0.05) was higher than that in 0% LAA (32%). Lowering the LAA concentration below 0.1% resulted in similar rates of morula development as in m-SOF/0.3% BSA. In Experiment 2, zygotes were cultured in m-SOF/0.1% LAA from 20 to 90 hpi and/or from 90 to 138 hpi. Post-thaw survival of morulae that had been exposed to LAA from 20 to 90 hpi (39%) or from 90 to 138 hpi (56%) was higher than that of morulae cultured without LAA from 20 to 138 hpi (12%, P < 0.02). These survival rates were lower than that of morulae cultured with LAA over a period of 20 to 138 hpi (76%, P < 0.001). The results indicate that cell-free culture of IVM/IVF bovine zygotes in m-SOF supplemented with LAA produces morula-stage embryos relatively tolerant to the process of freezing and thawing.
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PMID:Effect of linoleic acid-albumin in the culture medium on freezing sensitivity of in vitro-produced bovine morulae. 1073 83

Microspheres of ovalbumin (OVA) ranging from 1 to 15 microm were prepared by emulsifying an aqueous solution of albumin in soya oil at room temperature then raising the temperature to 45 degrees C for 30 min, prior to harvesting of the microspheres. Production of OVA nanospheres with size less than 500 nm was achieved by desolvation from aqueous albumin solutions using acetone. In both cases, lactic acid was added to the starting albumin solution to stabilise the resulting particles. Utilisation of an endogenous substance avoids the use of chemical crosslinking agents such as glutaraldehyde and associated toxicological concerns. Protein coating of knitted Dacron vascular grafts was performed by impregnation of the textile structure with lactic acid-stabilised ovalbumin nanospheres thereby providing a surface potentially resistant to blood platelet adhesion but conducive to endothelialisation. Protein release testing carried out in PBS at 37 degrees C revealed that approximately 60% of the original albumin coating was retained by the Dacron graft material after 4 days and remained at this level for upto 4 weeks. Apart from the formulation of albumin microspheres for drug delivery, diagnostic applications and coating of biomedical textiles, the process of albumin stabilisation using lactic acid may be usefully applied to improve protein immobilisation on a wide range of biomaterial surfaces.
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PMID:Lactic acid-stabilised albumin for microsphere formulation and biomedical coatings. 1108 77

The present experiment was undertaken to verify if it is possible to impose Pavlovian conditioning on a lung anaphylactic response (LAR) in rats. Two experiments were done. In the 1st, egg albumin (OVA) aerosol inhalation, which induces signs and symptoms of LAR in OVA- sensitized rats, was paired with an audiovisual cue (conditional stimulus, CS). After reexposure to the CS, the signs and symptoms of LAR were quantitatively measured using a scoring system specially developed for this evaluation; the levels of stress response and anxiety were also quantified. Results showed that the rats reexposed to CS only, displayed LAR scores not significantly different from those reexposed to both CS and the antigen; animals of these groups showed significantly higher LAR scores than rats that received no OVA aerosol challenge. High levels of stress and anxiety were observed 30-40 min after the challenge with OVA aerosol. In the 2nd experiment, rats sensitized with OVA and submitted or not to Pavlovian conditioning were observed in the open-field and in the plus maze apparatus in the absence of OVA aerosol but in the presence of the CS; after behavioral observations the animals were sacrificed for serum corticosterone level determination. Both behavioral and biochemical data showed high levels of stress and anxiety in rats for which the antigen was previously paired with the CS; these changes were not observed in animals which received the antigen 24 h after the presentation of the CS (unpaired) or in those exposed to PBS aerosol (the OVA vehicle) only. The present data show not only that LAR can be submitted to Pavlovian conditioning, but also and importantly, that high levels of stress and anxiety are related to the course of LAR.
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PMID:Pavlovian conditioning of lung anaphylactic response in rats. 1120 76

Surface-modified albumin nanoparticles were prepared from two poly(ethylene glycol)-human serum albumin conjugates: poly(thioetheramido acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer-grafted HSA (HSA-PTAAC-PEG) and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted HSA (HSA-mPEG). Rose bengal (RB) was used as a model drug for encapsulation into the nanoparticles either during the particle production or by adsorption post particle preparation. The drug incorporation and release was affected by the different production methods and the different polymer compositions. When RB was loaded in HSA and HSA/HSA-PTAAC-PEG nanoparticles, up to 5% (w/w) drug content was achieved. The drug loading in HSA-mPEG nanoparticles was much lower and the results from the microcalorimetry study indicated that the low loading efficiency was due to less drug-protein binding sites available in the HSA-mPEG molecule as compared to the HSA molecule. The release of RB from the albumin nanoparticles was very slow in PBS and dramatically accelerated in the presence of trypsin. Compared with unmodified nanoparticles, the slower release of RB from the surface-modified HSA nanoparticles in the presence of the enzyme suggested that the existence of a steric hydrophilic barrier on the surface of the nanoparticles made digestion of the nanoparticles more difficult.
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PMID:Preparation and characterisation of rose Bengal-loaded surface-modified albumin nanoparticles. 1124 13

The increased capillary fluid filtration required to create a rapid edema formation in acute inflammation can be generated by lowering the interstitial fluid pressure (P(IF)). The lowering of P(IF) appears to involve dynamic beta(1)-integrin-mediated interactions between dermal cells and extracellular matrix fibers. The present study specifically investigates the role of the cell cytoskeleton, i.e., the contractile apparatus of cells, in controlling P(IF) in rat skin as the integrins are linked to both the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. P(IF) was measured using a micropuncture technique in the dorsal skin of the hind paw at a depth of 0.2--0.5 mm and following the induction of circulatory arrest with the intravenous injection of KCl in pentobarbital anesthesia. This procedure prevented the transcapillary flux of fluid and protein leading to edema formation in acute inflammation, which in turn can increase the P(IF) and therefore potentially mask a decrease of P(IF). Control P(IF) (n = 42) averaged -0.8 +/- 0.5 (means +/- SD) mmHg. In the first group of experiments, subdermal injection of 2 microl cytochalasin D, a microfilament-disrupting drug, lowered P(IF) to an average of -2.8 +/- 0.7 mmHg within 40 min postinjection (P < 0.05 compared with control). Subdermal injection of vehicle (10% DMSO in PBS or PBS alone) did not change the P(IF) (P > 0.05). Lowering of the P(IF) was not observed after the injection of colchicine or nocodazole, which specifically disrupts microtubuli in cultured cells. In the second group of experiments, 2 microl of cytochalasin D injected subdermally into rats with intact circulation increased the total tissue water (TTW) and albumin extravasation rate (E(ALB)) by 0.7 +/- 0.2 and 0.4 +/- 0.3 ml/g dry wt, respectively (P < 0.05 compared with vehicle). Nocodazole and colchicine did not significantly alter the TTW or E(ALB) compared with the vehicle (P > 0.05). Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that the connective tissue cells can participate in control of P(IF) via the actin filament system. In addition, the observation that subdermal injection of cytochalasin D lowered P(IF) indicates that a dynamic assembly and disassembly of actin filaments also occurs in the cells of dermal tissues in vivo.
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PMID:Cytochalasin D induces edema formation and lowering of interstitial fluid pressure in rat dermis. 1140 62

The aggregation capacity of human erythrocytes lies between that of the non-aggregating bovine erythrocytes and the remarkably aggregating equine ones. As the ability to aggregate is attributed to cell factors and the composition of the plasma proteins, the role that plasma proteins play in the aggregation process in these three species was studied. Washed erythrocytes were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4, 300 mOsm/L) plus polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in a suitable concentration to obtain an average intensity of aggregation (control media). The superimposed effect of replacing 80% of the medium by either autologous plasma, serum or albumin solution was studied. The plasma proteins appeared to enhance aggregation by human and equine erythrocytes, but impaired this process in bovine erythrocytes. Some evidence was obtained supporting the existence of serum factors capable of reducing aggregation of erythrocytes in cattle and it was concluded that the non-aggregating behaviour of bovine erythrocytes may be due to the cells interacting particularly with the macromolecules in the serum.
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PMID:Influence of plasma proteins on erythrocyte aggregation in three mammalian species. 1158 82

An immunoaffinity matrix was prepared using human polyclonal antibody (Intragam) attached to Sepharose 4B activated with CNBr. The immunoaffinity matrix was then assessed with regard to its capacity to remove viruses. The challenge virus, poliovirus type 1 was loaded in high titre in either PBS or a preparation derived from human plasma known as supernatant II + III. This fraction is depleted of IgG and is used to prepare human albumin. It was shown that an average greater than 5 logs of spiked virus were removed in one passage through the column. This type of approach may prove useful as a viral removal method in biopharmaceutical manufacturing.
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PMID:Removal of poliovirus type 1 from a protein mixture using an immunoaffinity chromatography column. 1174 44

A novel method for improving the haemocompatibility of biomedical materials through endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is presented. L-cysteine was covalently immobilized onto two biomedical polymers: polyurethane (PU) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The L-cysteine content on the polymers was approximately 5-8 nmol/cm2 as quantified via a chemiluminescence-based assay. The haemocompatibility of the modified polymers was evaluated in terms of the number of adhered platelets when exposed to a platelet suspension labeled with Cr51. Platelet adherence on the L-cysteine-modified polymers was reduced more than 50% as compared to the control (glycine-modified polymers) when the platelet suspension contained plasma constituents. No difference in platelet adhesion was observed in the absence of plasma constituents. Further experiments demonstrated that NO was easily transferred to the L-cysteine-modified polymers from S-nitroso-albumin in PBS buffer. The NO was then released from the polymer. NO transfer or release was not observed for the control. The results suggest that L-cysteine-modified polymers are effective in reducing platelet adhesion via the transfer of NO from endogenous S-nitrosoproteins in plasma to the polymer followed by the subsequent release of NO. Thus, exploiting endogenous NO is a viable option for improving the haemocompatibility of biomaterials.
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PMID:Improved haemocompatibility of cysteine-modified polymers via endogenous nitric oxide. 1179 23

The results of several studies have contributed to the hypothesis that BDNF promotes seizure activity, particularly in adult hippocampus. To test this hypothesis, BDNF, vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline, PBS), or albumin was infused directly into the hippocampus for 2 weeks using osmotic minipumps. Rats were examined behaviorally, electrophysiologically, and anatomically. An additional group was tested for sensitivity to the convulsant pilocarpine. Spontaneous behavioral seizures were observed in BDNF-infused rats (8/32; 25%) but not in controls (0/20; 0%). In a subset of six animals (three BDNF, three albumin), blind electrophysiological analysis of scalp recordings contralateral to the infused hippocampus demonstrated abnormalities in all BDNF rats; but not controls. Neuronal loss in BDNF-treated rats was not detected relative to PBS- or albumin-treated animals, but immunocytochemical markers showed a pattern of expression in BDNF-treated rats that was similar to rats with experimentally induced seizures. Thus, BDNF-infused rats had increased expression of NPY in hilar neurons of the dentate gyrus relative to control rats. NPY and BDNF expression was increased in the mossy fiber axons of dentate gyrus granule cells relative to controls. The increase in NPY and BDNF expression in BDNF-treated rats was bilateral and occurred throughout the septotemporal axis of the hippocampus. Mossy fiber sprouting occurred in five BDNF-treated rats but no controls. In another group of infused rats that was tested for seizure sensitivity to the convulsant pilocarpine, BDNF-infused rats had a shorter latency to status epilepticus than PBS-infused rats. In addition, the progression from normal behavior to severe seizures was faster in BDNF-treated rats. These data support the hypothesis that intrahippocampal BDNF infusion can facilitate, and potentially initiate, seizure activity in adult hippocampus.
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PMID:Spontaneous limbic seizures after intrahippocampal infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. 1192 62

Methylene blue (MB), riboflavin (RB) and psoralen sensitizers (4' aminomethyl-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen [AMT] and derivatives) are under study as sensitizers of viral inactivation of blood products such as plasma proteins, platelets and red cells, all of which lack genomic nucleic acid. To predict where these sensitizers accumulate in viruses and in cells, their relative affinities for calf thymus DNA, neutral and negatively charged phospholipids and albumin were determined by dialysis. MB has a strong affinity for nucleic acid and negatively charged phospholipid, but little affinity for albumin or neutral phospholipid. RB has modest affinity for nucleic acid and little affinity for albumin or either phospholipid. AMT has substantial affinity for nucleic acid, neutral and negatively charged phospholipids and albumin. Neither AMT nor RB binds to poly G, although MB has some affinity for this polymer. Evidence of association of RB with guanosine monophosphate, adenosine monophosphate and tryptophan methylester hydrochloride in PBS buffer in the presence and absence of formamide was obtained from nonlinear Stern-Volmer plots and shifts in the ground state absorption spectrum of RB.
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PMID:Binding affinities of commonly employed sensitizers of viral inactivation. 1208 15


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