Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine the effect of disinfectants against viruses in vitro, I devised the Micro-Carrier-Test of dry-fixed virus-infected cells. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected Molt-4 cells (1 x 10(5) cells in 5 microliters of 10% fetal bovine serum) were dry-fixed at the bottom of each well of a 96-well flat-bottomed microtiter plate for 120 minutes at room temperature. Disinfectants were added and allowed to remain for designated times and the wells were washed three times with PBS. Uninfected Molt-4 cells (1 x 10(4) cells/well) were inoculated and cultured for 4 weeks. The culture supernatant was harvested to measure reverse transcriptase activity by non-radioisotopic reverse transcriptase assay every week. Residual cytotoxicity of the disinfectant was determined by cytotoxicity assay. To evaluate the new method, the virucidal efficacy of several well-known disinfectants was reevaluated. Dose- and time-dependent effects of the disinfectants were determined. The minimal effective concentrations after 5 minutes of contact were 20% ethanol, 0.01% glutaraldehyde and 0.1% sodium hypochlorite. These results are almost the same as those reported previously, but there are some discrepancies. The differences between the present and previous protocols are discussed. This Micro-Carrier-Test promises to be useful in the screening of disinfectants.
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PMID:Micro-carrier-test: evaluating disinfectants for HIV. 749 18

Reverse transcription is an essential step in the retroviral life cycle, as it converts the genomic RNA into DNA. In this review, we describe recent developments concerning the initiation step of this complex, multi-step reaction. During initiation of reverse transcription, a cellular tRNA primer is placed onto a complementary sequence in the viral genome, called the primer binding site or PBS. The viral enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT) recognizes this RNA-RNA complex, and catalyzes the extension of the 3' end of the tRNA primer, with the viral RNA (vRNA) acting as template. The initiation step is highly specific and most retroviruses are restricted to the use of the cognate, self-tRNA primer. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) uses the cellular tRNA(Lys,3) molecule as primer for reverse transcription. No spontaneous switches in tRNA usage by HIV-1 or other retroviruses have been described and attempts to change the identity of the tRNA primer were unsuccessful in the past. These observations indicate that the virus strongly prefers the self-primer, suggesting that a very specific mechanism for primer selection must exist. Indeed, tRNA primers are selectively packaged into virus particles, are specifically recognized by RT and are placed onto the viral RNA genome via base pairing to the PBS and other sequence motifs, thus rendering a specific initiation complex. Analysis of this critical step in the viral life cycle may result in the discovery of novel antiviral drugs in the battle against HIV/AIDS.
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PMID:HIV-1 reverse transcription initiation: a potential target for novel antivirals? 1825 84