Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present study, we have compared the T cell antigenic determinants on nucleoprotein (NP) of influenza A/NT/60/68 virus recognized by BALB/c mice (H-2d) after vaccination using several different vehicles with the determinants recognized after exposure to infectious virus. Mice were immunized s.c. with: 1) purified recombinant NP with three different adjuvants--alum, saponin, or CFA; 2) whole inactivated A/Okuda virus in PBS or saponin; or 3) live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium AroA- vector expressing NP. A series of overlapping synthetic peptides that cover more than 90% of the amino acid sequence of NP were used to map the Th cell epitopes. The results showed that the same limited number of major epitopes were recognized after each of the different immunization regimes. Secondary in vivo boosting using the same vehicles as for the primary immunization did not increase the number of different T cell sites recognized. The T cell responses after intranasal infection with infectious A/NT/60/68 or A/PR/8/34 virus also showed a similar pattern of recognition of the major CD4-positive T cell epitopes. The only exception was that the region corresponding to residues 401-419 was only recognized after exposure to NP from A/NT/60/68 but not A/PR/8/34. This is probably because the two viruses differ in amino acid sequence at positions 408 and 411 within this part of the NP molecule. In contrast to the results observed with CD4-positive T cell epitopes, the major determinant recognized by CD8-positive T cells was only presented after live viral infection. The results in this study have important implications for vaccine design, inasmuch as they indicate that the same dominant CD4 T cell determinants on NP presented by vaccination with NP are also recognized by T cells from mice exposed to infectious virus.
 ...
PMID:Selection of the same major T cell determinants of influenza nucleoprotein after vaccination or exposure to infectious virus. 171 66

Australian government policy is to offer influenza vaccine every autumn to all Australians over the age of 65 and to those of any age who suffer from any chronic condition that predisposes to serious complications following influenza. Despite this clear advice from NHMRC and the financial incentives provided by Medicare and the PBS, less than one in three of this vulnerable cohort receives the vaccine. In this article the medical profession is exhorted to encourage and facilitate influenza vaccine delivery to the old and to the frail.
 ...
PMID:Influenza vaccination: is it worth it? 185 90

Octadecylrhodamine B chloride (R18) and ganglioside GD1a (virus receptor) were incorporated into small unilamellar liposomes [Hoekstra et al. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 5675-5681]. Upon interaction of these liposomes with PR8 influenza viruses without prebinding, two types of dequenching were observed at 37 degrees C, both second-order processes: a fast reaction at pH 5.3, 2k = 17.53 x 10(-3) (Q.s)-1, and a slow reaction at pH 7.4, 2k = 0.335 x 10(-3) (Q.s)-1. The maximal level of dequenching was the same for both. Upon prebinding of liposomes to PR8 viruses (30 min, 0 degrees C, pH 7.4) at high concentrations, a very fast dequenching occurred when the prebinding mixture was diluted into prewarmed (37 degrees C) 10 mM PBS, pH 5.3. For the initial phase, a first-order rate constant of 0.5 s-1 could be extrapolated. After a quick drop in velocity during the first 30 s, the reaction was kinetically indistinguishable from the one found without prebinding. A second-order process with 2k = 16.52 x 10(-3) (Q.s)-1 became rate-limiting. The fast reactions at pH 5.3 can be abolished by inactivation or removal of the virus hemagglutinin. We conclude that the reaction at pH 5.3 reflects the hemagglutinin-dependent fusion process known to occur between influenza viruses and partner membranes at low pH; however, second-order kinetics indicate that specific binding rather than fusion is the rate-limiting step. For the slow dequenching, which is not affected by prebinding, the rate constant is 20 times lower than for the fast reaction, and the process is independent of viral hemagglutinin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Kinetics of fusion and lipid transfer between virus receptor containing liposomes and influenza viruses as measured with the octadecylrhodamine B chloride assay. 232 32

We developed an enzyme immunoassay (direct EIA; Enzygnost RSV[Ag]) for the direct detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antigen in nasopharyngeal specimens (NPS). The test procedure is the same as our recently described direct EIA for detection of influenza A and B virus antigens in NPS. For practical purposes it is of advantage to differentiate respiratory viruses on the same microtitration plate in the same run. The test shows no limitations by sample consistency, and results are obtained within 4 hr. In contrast to other test systems, sonification is not necessary. This is due to the sample buffer STD. We studied the influence of sample buffer STD on the stability of RSV (strain Long) antigen at different temperatures over a period of 7 days. PBS-BSA-buffer served as control. The treatment and storage of RSV (strain Long) with sample buffer STD at room temperature or at 4 degrees C showed no decrease of antigen detectability. The antigen is very stable in contrast to the storage of RSV (strain Long) in PBS-BSA buffer during the observation period of 7 days. Consequently, when NPS are stored in sample buffer STD, results of direct EIA are independent from the time of transport and temperature within 7 days. Thirty-eight NPS from infants with confirmed RSV infection were investigated. Confirmation was performed by virus isolation (n = 29) or with commercially available enzyme immunoassays or immunofluorescence test (n = 9). The direct EIA showed a specificity of 99.3% (n = 140) and a sensitivity of 95% (n = 38).
 ...
PMID:Stability of respiratory syncytial virus antigen due to buffer treatment for direct detection in nasopharyngeal specimens with enzyme immunoassay. 842 73

A challenge study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of an inactivated influenza H3N2 virus vaccine combined with Quil A/Alhydrogel mixture under controlled conditions in piglets. Twenty-four piglets from 12 sows were allocated to 2 groups; injected intramuscularly with 2 doses of the tested vaccine or with PBS at 2 wk intervals and challenged intratracheally with 105TCID50 of the H3N2 swine influenza virus 6 d after the 2nd immunization. Clinical and virological parameters were recorded for 4 d after the challenge. The use of the tested vaccine produced high serum hemagglutination-inhibition titers against the swine H3N2 strain virus. This strong immune response suppressed all clinical signs and viral shedding and reduced pulmonary lesions due to the challenge in the vaccinated group, without causing any secondary effects. Our results suggest that the serum HI titers correlated with the degree of protection induced by an inactivated swine influenza H3N2 vaccine.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of a protective immunity induced by an inactivated influenza H3N2 vaccine after an intratracheal challenge of pigs. 890 68

Splenocytes from mice immunised with two doses of subunit influenza A/Beijing/353/89 vaccine mixed with whole cell DTP (wDTP), acellular DTP (aDTP) or PBS were collected 7 and 10 days after the second immunisation, and re-stimulated with subunit influenza vaccine or live virus in vitro. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were assayed in supernates from these cultures by an ELISA procedure. Splenocytes from mice given subunit influenza vaccine in wDTP produced greater than two-fold and greater than five-fold responses of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, respectively, compared with splenocytes from mice immunised with subunit vaccine alone. In contrast, the response of splenocytes from mice immunised with subunit vaccine in saline or aDTP was similar, significantly less than for vaccine in wDTP (p < 0.01) and only slightly greater than for controls (p < 0.05). The production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by these spleen cells was not significantly different on days 7 and 10 post-immunisation. Previous reports have shown that wDTP and aDTP enhance the serum antibody response of mice to influenza vaccine, but wDTP enhanced the response 100-fold greater than aDTP, and induced greater IgG2a and IgG2b subclass antibody responses; this last result indicates a cell-mediated immune response to vaccine. The present studies confirm these earlier findings; furthermore, as the IL-2 and IFN-gamma responses of splenocytes are associated with Th-1 subset T-lymphocyte response, the findings indicate a cytotoxic T-cell response to immunisation. The results indicate that influenza vaccine combined with wDTP induced a cell-mediated response in mice, which could confer a more solid immunity to challenge virus infection.
 ...
PMID:Induction of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in BALB/c mice immunised with subunit influenza A vaccine in combination with whole cell or acellular DTP vaccine. 900 47

Syntex adjuvant in its microfluidized form (SAF-m) was equal to or superior to Freund's complete adjuvant in stimulating an enhanced hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody response in mice to trivalent influenza virus vaccine (TIV). There was an average 16-fold increase in HI titer for the three components of the vaccine with no significant differences among strains. The increased serum antibodies correlated with an increase in protection against infection. The threonyl-MDP (t-MDP) component of the adjuvant played no role in this activity. The vehicle, in contrast, was so effective that it could be diluted 1:202 (in the presence of (t-MDP) and still retain a statistically significant effect. Vaccine and adjuvant could be stored together at 4 degrees C for 2 years without a statistically significant change in potency. Mice were given a priming immunization with TIV, PBS, or adjuvanted TIV (AIV). A year later, the mice were boosted with heterotypic TIV or AIV. The nature of the priming immunization made no difference in the strong antibody response to an AIV boost. However, priming significantly improved the response to TIV with AIV being the best primer. The enhancement in the antibody response to AlShanghai of the unprimed (PBS) elderly mice caused by AIV (14-fold improvement over TIV) was similar to that in young mice. Female mice had antibody titers which overall were 2.6-fold higher than those of males (P < 0.0001) for AIV and TIV.
 ...
PMID:The effect of Syntex adjuvant formulation (SAF-m) on humoral immunity to the influenza virus in the mouse. 916 May 22

One hundred and fourty eight samples from patients with a symptomatology compatible with the influenza virus were studied aimed at identifying in a fast way these viruses. A rapid MDCK-L cell culture was developed on 96 well plates, where nasopharingeal exudates or gargarisms were inoculated and incubated all night long at 37 degrees C. The medium was removed and cells were washed with PBS and fixed with methanol. Viral antigens were detected through the immunoperoxidase staining by using two monoclonal antibody pools for the identification of influenza A and influenza B viruses. The HA1-71 monoclonal antibody, specific for influenza A (H3N2) and the HA2-76, which react with both A (H3N2) and A (H1N1) were used for subtyping. Of all the positive samples (136), 72% corresponded to type A while 34.6% and 37.5% corresponded to subtypes H1 and H3, respectively. Influenza B was detected in 27.9% of the 148 samples studied. Only 12 were negative (8.1%). The use of this technique is recommended as a rapid, convenient and sensitive method that is easy to carry put and to interpretate for the detection and characterization in type and subtype of the influenza viruses starting from the nasopharyngeal exudates or gargarisms.
 ...
PMID:[Fast detection and characterization of influenza A and B viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions by the immunoperoxidase method]. 984 66

Intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA results in myofiber cell expression of proteins encoded by the DNA. The preferred vehicle for plasmid DNA injections has been saline (154 mM sodium chloride) or PBS (154 mM NaCl plus 10 mM sodium phosphate). Here, it is shown that injection of luciferase or beta-galactosidase encoding plasmid DNA in a 150 mM sodium phosphate vehicle into murine muscle resulted in a two- to seven-fold increase in transgene expression compared with DNA injected in saline or PBS. When the DNA encoded secreted alkaline phosphatase, preproinsulin or interferon, sodium phosphate vehicle increased their serum levels by two- to four-fold. When the DNA encoded mouse erythropoietin, sodium phosphate vehicle increased hematocrits by two-fold compared with DNA injected in saline. When the DNA encoded influenza nucleoprotein, sodium phosphate increased anti-nucleoprotein antibody titers by two-fold. The expression of luciferase from plasmid DNA instilled into lung was increased five-fold compared with that in vehicle without sodium phosphate. Incubation of plasmid DNA with muscle extract or serum showed that sodium phosphate protected the DNA from degradation. Thus, a change from sodium chloride to sodium phosphate vehicle can enhance the expression of plasmid DNA in a tissue, possibly by inhibiting DNA degradation. Gene Therapy (2000) 7, 1171-1182.
 ...
PMID:Sodium phosphate enhances plasmid DNA expression in vivo. 1091 85

Immunization with recombinant adenoviral vaccine that induces potent immunity has been applied to many infectious diseases. We report here developing a recombinant adenoviral vaccine encoding the HA gene from swine H3N2 influenza virus (SIV). Two replication-defective recombinant adenoviruses were generated: (1) rAd-HA: recombinant adenovirus encoding the HA gene from swine H3N2 influenza virus, and (2) rAd-vector: a control recombinant adenovirus containing adenovirus and transfer plasmids without a foreign HA gene. Mice given rAd-HA developed high titers of neutralizing and hemagglutination inhibition antibodies to SIV in comparison to mice inoculated with rAd-vector or PBS as early as 2 weeks after immunization, and these antibodies were substantially increased in the mice given rAd-HA within the next 3 weeks following the first dose. However, these antibodies were not able to neutralize the virus, A/HK/68 (H3N2), used for challenge. Nonetheless mice immunized with one or two doses of rAd-HA were protected from lethal challenge with heterologous virus, A/HK/1/68 (H3N2). A statistically significant ( P < 0.03) difference between survival rates of rAd-HA mice vs. rAd-vector or PBS mice was observed.
 ...
PMID:Recombinant adenovirus encoding the HA gene from swine H3N2 influenza virus partially protects mice from challenge with heterologous virus: A/HK/1/68 (H3N2). 1241 48


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>