Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30536 (PBS)
 9,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The potency of the polyvalent bacterial vaccine (Infectvac) to prevent lethal infections with S. pneumoniae ATCC 6301 was examined. NMRI-mice were protected 2-5 times better than untreated controls. The protection is based on activation of resistance-mechanisms, e.g. interferon production. Most interesting is a strong activation of the phagocytosis-killing-system of alveolar macrophages after oral application of antigen (information: gut mucosa to lung mucosa). Using the same infection model the important role of bacterial lectins for infectious diseases was demonstrated. Blocking the combining site of the bacterial lectin of S. pneumoniae by intranasal application of N-acetylglucosamine (the specific carbohydrate for the lectin) was able to prevent a lethal infection with S. pneumoniae 3-times better than PBS or using not lectin relevant carbohydrates. Therefore, blocking the lectin receptor with specific carbohydrates might also be of clinical relevance to prevent acute respiratory infections (ARI).
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PMID:Lectins and their role in a new polyvalent bacterial vaccine against ARI. 322 36

We have previously described potent growth-inhibitory effect of a recombinant adenovirus expressing wild type p53 (AdWTp53) in metastatic prostate cancer cells via activation of cellular p53 pathways. We have extended these observations to analyze the effects of AdWTp53 on primary cultures of radical prostatectomy specimens (RPS) and have also evaluated the gene therapeutic potential of the AdWTp53 in a nude mice model. Infection of primary cultures of prostate cancer specimens resulted in about 80% cell growth inhibition in comparison with cultures treated with control adenovirus dl312. Single injection of AdWTp53 into pre-established tumor nodules of DU145 prostate cancer cells suppressed tumor growth significantly (p = 0.0407) as determined by comparison of tumor volumes of the AdWTp53-treated vs. control vector (dl312) or PBS-treated groups. Moreover, there was no significant difference in tumor growth inhibition between single vs. multiple injections of AdWTp53. Our observations support the potential of AdWTp53 for gene therapy of prostate cancer.
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PMID:Inhibition of the growth of pre-established subcutaneous tumor nodules of human prostate cancer cells by single injection of the recombinant adenovirus p53 expression vector. 913 72

Infection of C57BL/6 mice with mouse hepatitis virus strain V5A13.1 (MHV-V5A13.1) results in an acute encephalitis followed by a chronic, progressive demyelinating disease with clinical and histological similarities to the human demyelinating disease Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Studies were undertaken to evaluate the contribution of NOS2 generated NO in demyelination in MHV-infected mice. MHV-infected animals were treated daily with either 8 mg of aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inhibitor of NOS2 activity, or PBS by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. MHV-infection of mice resulted in 20% mortality in both groups with surviving mice clearing virus below levels of detection, as measured by plaque assay, by day 12 postinfection (p.i.). A significant decrease in the severity of clinical disease was observed in AG-treated animals as compared to mice receiving PBS at days 7 and 12 p.i. (P< or =0.001 and 0.003, respectively) however, by day 21 p.i. AG-treated mice exhibited the same severity of clinical disease as control animals. Examination of brain and spinal cords from infected mice revealed a pronounced reduction in the severity of inflammation at day 7 p.i. in mice treated with AG as compared to control mice. By day 12 p.i. there was a significant decrease (P< or =0.02) in the severity of demyelination in AG-treated mice as compared to control animals yet both PBS and AG treated mice had a similar degree of demyelination by day 21 p.i. Analysis of chemokine mRNA transcripts by RNase protection assay revealed that AG-treated mice had significantly lower levels (P < or = 0.007) of transcripts for the C-C chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) at day 7 p.i. as compared to control animals. By day 12 p.i., AG-treated mice and control mice had similar levels of chemokine transcripts. Together, these data suggest that inhibition of NOS2/NO slows the progression of MHV-induced demyelination. One potential mechanism by which this may occur is through controlling inflammation through modulation of chemokine expression in the CNS.
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PMID:Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase-2 reduces the severity of mouse hepatitis virus-induced demyelination: implications for NOS2/NO regulation of chemokine expression and inflammation. 1019 Jun 90

We determined whether an adenoviral vector-mediated murine IFN-beta gene therapy could eradicate established s.c. tumors produced by murine UV-2237m fibrosarcoma cells. The tumor cells were highly susceptible to infection by adenoviral vectors. Cells infected with 10 or 100 multiplicity of infection of AdCIFN-beta, an adenoviral vector encoding murine IFN-beta driven by the human cytomegalovirus promoter, expressed high levels of steady-state IFN-beta mRNA and produced 500 or 7,000 units of IFN-beta activity/10(6) cells/24 h, respectively. Infection of tumor cells with 30 multiplicity of infection of AdCIFN-beta (but not control AdCLacZ vector) inhibited in vitro tumor cell proliferation by 40-45%. Intralesional injection of 5 x 10(8) plaque-forming units of AdCIFN-beta (but not AdLacZ) eradicated established s.c. fibrosarcomas in syngeneic mice but not fibrosarcomas in nude mice. Mice cured of the disease developed systemic immunity against rechallenge with UV-2237m cells but not against another syngeneic tumor, the K-1735 M2 melanoma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that tumors injected with AdCIFN-beta contained more macrophages and CD4+ and CD8+ cells than did tumors injected with AdCLacZ or saline. Most cells in the PBS- and AdCLacZ-treated tumors stained positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and few cells stained for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling. In sharp contrast, AdCIFN-beta-treated tumors contained few proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells and many terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling-positive cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that IFN-beta gene therapy delivered by adenoviral vectors can be effective against fibrosarcomas.
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PMID:Eradication of primary murine fibrosarcomas and induction of systemic immunity by adenovirus-mediated interferon beta gene therapy. 1053 98

In mice, individual dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 (PUFA) were found to be sufficient to effect the changes in circulating interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN)-gamma levels that were previously seen in fish oil-fed mice. Weanling female C3H mice were fed one of five experimental diets. All five diets met all known nutritional requirements for mice and differed only in the fat source. After 4 weeks, mice were challenged with live Listeria monocytogenes or sterile PBS. Twenty-four hours after infection, n-3 PUFA-fed mice had significantly lower circulating IL-12 p70 and IFN-gamma than mice fed the control diet (P<.01). In addition, splenic cytokine mRNA for IL-12 p40, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-1beta were lower in infected mice fed n-3 PUFA-containing diets than in mice fed the olive oil ethyl esters control diet. The reduction of IL-12 and IFN-gamma production by n-3 PUFA may have important implications for host infectious disease resistance.
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PMID:Consumption of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid impair murine interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma production in vivo. 1094 84

Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is a member of the Arteriviridae family, that includes lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and simian haemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV). Equine arteritis is a contagious disease of horses and is spread via respiratory or reproductive tract. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the possibility for developing a model system for prevention horses against an EAV infection by DNAvaccination. A cDNA bank from the RNA of EAV was established. This gene library contains the translation unit of the EAV open reading frames (ORF) 1 to 7. The identity of the cDNA was confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis. Using this defined EAV cDNA gene library the cDNA sequence of the viral ORFs were molecularly cloned into the corresponding sites of well characterized and powerful expression vectors (pCR3.1, pDisplay, and/or pcDNA3.1/HisC). The capability of these recombinant plasmids expressing the gene products of the individual viral ORFs 3 to 5, and 7 in induction of an immune response in mouse system was investigated. The Balb/c mice (ten mice per assay) were inoculated with the DNA of the constructed expression vectors harboring and expressing the EAV cDNA of the viral ORFs. The Balb/c mice were injected with about 100 microg DNA diluted in 100 microl PBS. The DNA was injected subcutaneously and into the tibialis cranialis muscle (Musculus gastrocnemius). The mice were boosted 3 to 5 times with the same quantities of DNA and under the same conditions at about two week intervals. Control mice received the same amount of parental expression vectors via an identical route and frequency. The pre- and post-vaccinated sera of the individual animals were screened by neutralization tests (NT). Neutralizing antibodies against EAV were detected when the animals were inoculated with the DNA of the expression vectors harboring cDNA of the EAV ORFs 5 and 7. Highest NT-titers were observed when the animals were administered with the cDNA of ORF 5 and/or with the cDNA of the neutralization determinants of EAV that is located on the N-terminal ectodomain of the gene product of ORF 5 between the amino acid positions 1-121. These results obtained from these studies justified proofing the capability of the EAV cDNA sequences of the viral genes including ORFs 5 and 7 in the autologous animal system horse.
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PMID:Large envelope glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein of equine arteritis virus (EAV) induce an immune response in Balb/c mice by DNA vaccination; strategy for developing a DNA-vaccine against EAV-infection. 1132 56

Infection with group A streptococci (GAS) can lead to rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) which are a major health concern particularly in indigenous populations worldwide, and especially in Australian Aboriginals. A primary route of GAS infection is via the upper respiratory tract, and therefore, a major goal of research is the development of a mucosal-based GAS vaccine. The majority of the research to date has focused on the GAS M protein since immunity to GAS is mediated by M protein type-specific opsonic antibodies. There are two major impediments to the development of a vaccine-the variability in M proteins and the potential for the induction of an autoimmune response. To develop a safe and broad-based vaccine, we have therefore focused on the GAS M protein conserved C-region, and have identified peptides, J8 and the closely related J8 peptide (J14), which may be important in protective immunity to GAS infection. Using a mucosal animal model system, our data have shown a high degree of throat GAS colonisation in B10.BR mice 24h following intranasal immunisation with the mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), and/or diptheria toxoid (dT) carrier, or PBS alone, and challenge with the M1 GAS strain. However, GAS colonisation of the throat was significantly reduced following intranasal immunisation of mice with the vaccine candidate J8 conjugated to dT or J14-dT when administered with CTB. Moreover, J8-dT/CTB and J14-dT/CTB-immunised mice had a significantly higher survival when compared to CTB and PBS-immunised control mice. These data indicate that immunity to GAS infection can be evoked by intranasal immunisation with a GAS M protein C-region peptide vaccine that contains a protective B cell epitope and lacks a T cell autoepitope.
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PMID:Protection of mice from group A streptococcal infection by intranasal immunisation with a peptide vaccine that contains a conserved M protein B cell epitope and lacks a T cell autoepitope. 1203 9

IgY, the egg yolk immunoglobulin, equivalent to the IgG from mammals, has been used in veterinary practice for passive immunisation against bacterial or viral infectious diseases. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is the main etiological agent of infantile diarrhoea in Brazil and other developing countries. Our aims were to isolate immunoglobulin IgY from egg yolk laid by EPEC -immunised Leghorn chickens and to study its reactivity to the antigens from this pathogen, including some virulence factors. Leghorn chickens were immunised with a bacterial suspension intramuscularly (three hens) or intravenously (three hens) or with PBS (two hens). Eggs were collected over a period of 17 weeks. IgY isolation procedures were carried out by salt precipitation (ammonium sulphate, in solid form) followed by centrifugations and dialysis. Final preparations were submitted to sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS - PAGE), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. All immunised animals developed good levels of antibodies reactive to whole bacteria or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in contrast to the control ones. Immunoblottings allowed the recognition of several antigenic fractions of bacterial antigens, some of which had a molecular weight compatible with bacterial virulence factors, confirming the efficacy of the immunisation and the adequacy of the method.
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PMID:Anti-enteropathogenic Escherichia coli immunoglobulin Y isolated from eggs laid by immunised Leghorn chickens. 1207 19

Immunization with recombinant adenoviral vaccine that induces potent immunity has been applied to many infectious diseases. We report here developing a recombinant adenoviral vaccine encoding the HA gene from swine H3N2 influenza virus (SIV). Two replication-defective recombinant adenoviruses were generated: (1) rAd-HA: recombinant adenovirus encoding the HA gene from swine H3N2 influenza virus, and (2) rAd-vector: a control recombinant adenovirus containing adenovirus and transfer plasmids without a foreign HA gene. Mice given rAd-HA developed high titers of neutralizing and hemagglutination inhibition antibodies to SIV in comparison to mice inoculated with rAd-vector or PBS as early as 2 weeks after immunization, and these antibodies were substantially increased in the mice given rAd-HA within the next 3 weeks following the first dose. However, these antibodies were not able to neutralize the virus, A/HK/68 (H3N2), used for challenge. Nonetheless mice immunized with one or two doses of rAd-HA were protected from lethal challenge with heterologous virus, A/HK/1/68 (H3N2). A statistically significant ( P < 0.03) difference between survival rates of rAd-HA mice vs. rAd-vector or PBS mice was observed.
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PMID:Recombinant adenovirus encoding the HA gene from swine H3N2 influenza virus partially protects mice from challenge with heterologous virus: A/HK/1/68 (H3N2). 1241 48

A comparison of intradermal (ID) versus intramuscular (IM) routes of pig vaccination with deleted Aujeszky's disease (AD) vaccine on the formation of specific postvaccinal and postchallenge humoral immune response was performed. The studies were carried out on 21 eight week-old piglets, divided into three groups--two experimental and one control of 7 piglets each. Animals of first two groups were vaccinated twice in 12 and 16 week of age with deleted, live attenuated AD vaccine Porcilis Begonia (Intervet). Group I was vaccinated with a dose of 2.0 ml (10(6.0) TCID50)) intramuscularly (IM) into neck muscles, and group II received 0.2 ml (10(5.0) TCID50) intradermally (ID) in neck area using needleless apparatus SERENA model SD 1-2 (Emplast, Italy). In group K (control) 2.0 ml PBS IM was used. Seventy days after the first vaccination all pigs were intranasally infected with a dose of 10(5.5) TCID50 of virulent Northern Ireland Aujeszky-3 (NIA-3) strain of Herpesvirus suis type 1 (SHV-1) by instilling 0.5 ml of virus suspension into each nostril. Specific humoral immune response was evaluated using seroneutralization (SN) test and gE-ELISA-Pseudorabies virus gpI Antibody Test Kit (Herd Chek Anti-PRV gpI), IDEXX Lab Inc (USA). It was found that challenge caused anamnestic reaction in both groups of vaccinated pigs, but postchallenge immune response was stronger in ID-vaccinated group--on 14 day post infection (dpi) SN antibody level was considerably higher than in IM-vaccinated group. The obtained results suggest that secondary immunological response after challenge is decidedly more effective in the range of evaluated parameters in animals vaccinated by ID route, which can be linked to, perhaps underestimated yet and seldom utilized, skin immunity mechanisms in specific prophylaxis of infectious diseases. Advantages and disadvantages of SN test and ELISA are also discussed.
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PMID:Evaluation of specific humoral immune response in pigs vaccinated intradermally with deleted Aujeszky's disease vaccine and challenged with virulent strain of Herpesvirus suis type 1. 1579 68


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