Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P30044 (antioxidant enzyme)
 8,037 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cadmium affects human health through occupational and environmental exposure. In this report, we present the response of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic antioxidant enzymes of CRL-1439 cells exposed to different concentrations (0-150 microM) of CdCl2 for 24 h at 37 degrees C. Exposure of liver cells to 50 microM CdCl2 increased mitochondrial catalase and glutathione reductase (GR) activities more than the cytoplasmic enzymes. Although the mitochondrial selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) showed less enzymatic activity than the cytoplasmic enzyme, the mitochondrial selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase (non-Se-GPx) showed a slight increase in activity over its cytoplasmic counterpart compared to untreated controls. With 100 microM CdCl2, catalase maintained an increase in specific activity in mitochondria over the cytoplasmic enzyme compared to the controls. The level of GR was higher in the cytoplasm than in the mitochondria. However, the activity of Se-GPx and non-Se-GPx decreased slightly in the mitochondria compared to their cytoplasmic counterparts. Exposure of cells to 150 microM CdCl2 decreased all antioxidant enzyme activities compared to the 100 microM CdCl2-treated samples due to toxic effect. Each antioxidant enzyme exhibited its own pattern of activation or inhibition upon exposure to different concentrations of cadmium, with more oxidative stress observed in the mitochondria.
 ...
PMID:Effect of cadmium-induced oxidative stress on antioxidative enzymes in mitochondria and cytoplasm of CRL-1439 rat liver cells. 1686 33

The aims of this study were to develop strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) having both immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties and to evaluate their anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro, in different cellular models, and in vivo, in a mouse model of colitis. Different Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus strains were cocultured with primary cultures of mononuclear cells. Analysis of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines secreted by these cells after coincubation with candidate bacteria revealed that L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 864 and S. thermophilus CRL 807 display the highest anti-inflammatory profiles in vitro. Moreover, these results were confirmed in vivo by the determination of the cytokine profiles in large intestine samples of mice fed with these strains. S. thermophilus CRL 807 was then transformed with two different plasmids harboring the genes encoding catalase (CAT) or superoxide dismutase (SOD) antioxidant enzymes, and the anti-inflammatory effects of recombinant streptococci were evaluated in a mouse model of colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). Our results showed a decrease in weight loss, lower liver microbial translocation, lower macroscopic and microscopic damage scores, and modulation of the cytokine production in the large intestines of mice treated with either CAT- or SOD-producing streptococci compared to those in mice treated with the wild-type strain or control mice without any treatment. Furthermore, the greatest anti-inflammatory activity was observed in mice receiving a mixture of both CAT- and SOD-producing streptococci. The addition of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 864 to this mixture did not improve their beneficial effects. These findings show that genetically engineering a candidate bacterium (e.g., S. thermophilus CRL 807) with intrinsic immunomodulatory properties by introducing a gene expressing an antioxidant enzyme enhances its anti-inflammatory activities.
...
PMID:Genetically engineered immunomodulatory Streptococcus thermophilus strains producing antioxidant enzymes exhibit enhanced anti-inflammatory activities. 2424 45