Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P30044 (antioxidant enzyme)
 8,037 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of light is known to be important in the herbicidal action of paraquat, the active ingredient of Gramoxon. Experiments were therefore performed to establish whether illumination influences paraquat toxicity in some way in mice. Besides the 72-hr survival rate, studies were made of the body weight/lung weight ratio, the antioxidant enzyme activity and the lipid peroxidation in mice treated with the LD50 of paraquat and kept in the dark or under illumination. All of the measured parameters indicate that illumination enhances the toxic properties of paraquat in mice.
Gen Pharmacol 1986
PMID:The effect of light on the toxicity of paraquat in the mouse. 372 Nov 91

1. Malondialdehyde formation and antioxidant enzyme activity after oral or intraperitoneal treatment of rats with various doses of aspirin was studied. 2. Aspirin, orally, had no effect on spontaneous, Fe(II)- or Fe(II)/ascorbate-induced malondialdehyde formation in liver homogenates; orally, ascorbate-induced malondialdehyde production was inhibited but only after 5-day treatment with 500 mg/kg aspirin; after intraperitoneal injection, the drug inhibited ascorbate- and Fe(II)/ascorbate-induced production of malondialdehyde. 3. Aspirin had no effect on malondialdehyde formation in erythrocytes, irrespective of the dose and route of drug administration. 4. Aspirin increased glutathione peroxidase activity in liver after 5-day treatment with an oral dose of 500 mg/kg and decreased enzyme activity in both liver and erythrocytes, 24 hr after a single injection of the same dose. 5. Aspirin, in vivo slightly affected lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity.
Gen Pharmacol 1995 May
PMID:Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity in aspirin-treated rats. 778 36

The 24 h profile of the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the pineal gland of rats was studied. Rhythmic analysis showed a significant 24 h rhythm with an amplitude of oscillation of 25% of the 24 h mean value, that was 100.34 +/- 1.6 U SOD (nitrite). An ultradian rhythm of 9 h was also detected. The diurnal profile of superoxide dismutase activity is discussed in relation to the oxidative metabolism of the pineal gland.
J Neural Transm Gen Sect 1993
PMID:Circadian variations of superoxide dismutase activity in the rat pineal gland. 836 5

The Escherichia coli sodA gene encoding the antioxidant enzyme Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), was cloned in the expression vector pMG36e. This vector has a multiple cloning site downstream of a promoter and Shine-Dalgarno sequences derived from Lactococcus. The protein-coding region of sodA from E. coli was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, using a thermocycler and Taq DNA polymerase before cloning into pMG36e. When introduced into E. coli, the recombinant plasmid expressed the predicted fusion protein, both in the presence and absence of oxygen. The expression of the fusion protein in E. coli was verified by SOD assays, activity gels and Western blots. The recombinant plasmid was also introduced into Lactococcus lactis, which contains a resident SOD, and into Lactobacillus gasseri, which is devoid of SOD. Transformed lactococci expressed an active SodA fusion protein plus an active hybrid protein composed of subunits of the Lactococcus and the recombinant E. coli enzymes. Transformants of L. gasseri expressed only the fusion SodA protein, which was enzymatically active.
Mol Gen Genet 1993 May
PMID:Cloning and expression of the manganese superoxide dismutase gene of Escherichia coli in Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus gasseri. 851 Jun 61

1. The effect of fish oil administration by gavage (0.4% body weight) on activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and on content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) of the lymphoid organs [thymus, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)] and liver was investigated in 21-day pregnant rats. The results were compared with those obtained by administration of soybean oil, cocoa butter and coconut oil. 2. Oil administration did not have any significant effect on antioxidant enzyme activities of the liver, whereas marked changes were found in the lymphoid organs. The MLN presented the most pronounced changes: SOD and catalase activities were increased by the four oils; GSH-Px activity was raised by soybean and fish oils; coconut oil reduced the activity of the three antioxidant enzymes in this organ. 3. Fish oil given by gavage does affect the antioxidant capacity of the lymphoid organs; however, similar effect was also observed for cocoa butter and soybean oil. These changes in the antioxidant enzyme activities were able to prevent the lipid peroxidation process in the lymphoid organs.
Gen Pharmacol 1997 Oct
PMID:Changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes of the lymphoid organs of 21-day pregnant rats due to administration of fish oil by gavage. 935 1

1. The in vitro effects of alloxan, dialuric acid and vanadium ions, alone or in combination, on lipid peroxidation and on antioxidant enzyme activity in rat liver and kidney were studied. 2. Unlike alloxan, alloxan-glutathione (GSH) and dialuric acid increased lipid peroxidation, which could be explained by the decreased activity of catalase and GSH peroxidase during incubation. 3. Vanadium(IV) ions increased the amount of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances, but neither vanadium(IV) nor vanadium(V) changed the enzyme activity. 4. The combination of vanadium ions and alloxan-GSH or dialuric acid had no additive effect on lipid peroxidation. Vanadium ions decreased the dialuric acid-induced inhibition of catalase activity. 5. The present results suggest the therapeutic value of vanadium as an antidiabetic agent.
Gen Pharmacol 1998 Sep
PMID:In vitro effects of alloxan-vanadium combination on lipid peroxidation and on antioxidant enzyme activity. 970 25

Plasma vitamin A, C and E levels and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated in type I and type II diabetic subjects with and without complications, i.e., hypertension, coronary artery disease and renal failure. Reverse phase HPLC was used to quantify vitamin A and E levels. We observed that the vitamin C levels were not significantly different between control and diabetic subjects. However, vitamin A and E levels were significantly lower in type I and type II diabetic subjects compared to controls. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly lower in type II, but not in type I, diabetic patients compared to controls. Interestingly, glutathione reductase and peroxidase activities were diminished in type I, but not in type II, diabetic subjects as compared to controls. Catalase activity was lower in both types of diabetic patients in comparison with their respective controls. Altogether these results suggest that diabetes mellitus may be associated with altered antioxidant status regardless to various complications.
Gen Physiol Biophys 2003 Mar
PMID:Antioxidant status and levels of different vitamins determined by high performance liquid chromatography in diabetic subjects with multiple complications. 1287 Jun 98

In the present study we investigated the effects of simvastatin treatment on lipid metabolism and peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and ultrastructure of the diabetic rat myocardium. Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg i.p.). Eight weeks after induction of diabetes, a subgroup of control and of diabetic rats was treated with simvastatin for 4 weeks (10 mg/kg/day, orally). Blood glucose, plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol, as well as levels of cardiac thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly increased in diabetic rats. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), were also elevated in the diabetic myocardium. Treatment with simvastatin markedly reduced serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol, and partially controlled hyperglycemia in diabetic animals. The increased activation of antioxidant enzymes and the excess of lipid peroxidation measured by TBARS were completely reversed by simvastatin treatment. Diabetic rats displayed ultrastructural ischemia-like alterations of cardiomyocytes and capillaries, which support oxidative stress-induced tissue remodelling. In the diabetic myocardium simvastatin treatment partly attenuated angiopathic and atherogenic processes, detected by electron microscopy. These results suggest that simvastatin, known as a lipid-lowering drug, may positively affect diabetes induced cardiovascular complications via reducing risks of atherosclerotic pathological processes, such as imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant state.
Gen Physiol Biophys 2003 Dec
PMID:Effects of simvastatin treatment on oxidant/antioxidant state and ultrastructure of diabetic rat myocardium. 1511 25

Hemeoxygenase-2 (HO-2) is an antioxidant enzyme that can modulate recombinant maxi-K(+) channels and has been proposed to be the acute O(2) sensor in the carotid body (CB). We have tested the physiological contribution of this enzyme to O(2) sensing using HO-2 null mice. HO-2 deficiency leads to a CB phenotype characterized by organ growth and alteration in the expression of stress-dependent genes, including the maxi-K(+) channel alpha-subunit. However, sensitivity to hypoxia of CB is remarkably similar in HO-2 null animals and their control littermates. Moreover, the response to hypoxia in mouse and rat CB cells was maintained after blockade of maxi-K(+) channels with iberiotoxin. Hypoxia responsiveness of the adrenal medulla (AM) (another acutely responding O(2)-sensitive organ) was also unaltered by HO-2 deficiency. Our data suggest that redox disregulation resulting from HO-2 deficiency affects maxi-K(+) channel gene expression but it does not alter the intrinsic O(2) sensitivity of CB or AM cells. Therefore, HO-2 is not a universally used acute O(2) sensor.
J Gen Physiol 2006 Oct
PMID:Acute oxygen sensing in heme oxygenase-2 null mice. 1696 73

In bivalve molluscs the digestive gland (hepatopancreas) plays a central role in metabolism. In this work, the effects of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) on digestive gland were evaluated in Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were injected into the adductor muscle sinus with different amounts of the hormone (5, 25 and 100pmol) and tissues were sampled 24h post-injection. Functional parameters (lysosomal membrane stability-LMS, lysosomal accumulation of neutral lipids-NL and of lipofuscin-LF), as well as the activity of the key glycolytic enzymes PFK (phosphofructokinase) and PK (pyruvate kinase), and of the antioxidant enzyme catalase were evaluated. Selected genes, whose expression can be modulated by estrogens in mammalian systems and whose sequences have been identified in Mytilus, were investigated as possible targets for the action of E(2). E(2) induced a concentration-dependent decrease in LMS; such an effect was accompanied by an increase in NL accumulation, whereas the level of lipofuscin showed a slight, although not significant decrease. E(2) exposure also led to a significant increase in the activity of PFK and catalase but not of PK. Moreover, E(2) induced significant changes in the pattern of gene expression at the lower concentrations tested (5 and 25pmol) as evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. In particular, increased transcription of catalase, as well as of the metallothionein 20 (MT20) isoform were observed; on the other hand, a decreased transcription of the p53 gene was detected. The results demonstrate that in Mytilus the digestive gland represents a target for the action of E(2), and that the hormone can modulate the lysosomal function, as well as lipid and glucose metabolism. Moreover, these data suggest that E(2) may also alter oxidative stress conditions in this tissue, as indicated by the increased transcription of genes (metallothionein and catalase) that play a role in antioxidant defences. Overall, the results indicate that E(2) can modulate both functional parameters and gene expression in mussel hepatopancreas and underline the importance of investigating also non-reproductive effects of estrogenic compounds in bivalve molluscs.
Gen Comp Endocrinol
PMID:Effects of 17beta-estradiol on mussel digestive gland. 1737 45


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