Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30044 (antioxidant enzyme)
 8,037 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As an important antioxidant enzyme, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) can protect aerobic organisms from oxidative damage through catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. The SODs have been cloned in some species and their dynamic expression or enzymatic activity in response to environmental stressors were investigated. In the current study, the full-length cDNA of two SODs from freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica were firstly cloned (named as DjCuZnSOD and DjMnSOD, respectively). The complete cDNA of DjCuZnSOD consists of 661 nucleotides encoding 186 amino acids while the 765 bp DjMnSOD encodes a polypeptide of 226 residues. Sequence analysis and multiple alignment showed that DjCuZnSOD possesses two CuZnSOD family signature motifs and an N-terminal signal peptide suggesting it is an extracellular secretory protein. DjMnSOD possesses the MnSOD family signature sequence and is predicted to be located in mitochondrion with a mitochondrial targeting sequence. Phylogenetic analysis based on CuZnSOD and MnSOD orthologs from representative species further verified that DjCuZnSOD is an extracellular CuZnSOD while DjMnSOD is a mitochondrial MnSOD. For the purpose of studying their potential role against environmental pollutants, D. japonica were exposed to glyphosate or 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C10mim]Br), and the mRNA expression levels of DjCuZnSOD and DjMnSOD along with total SOD activity were measured. The results showed that DjCuZnSOD exhibited more sensitive expression profiles in response to environmental pollutants in contrast with DjMnSOD, and the total SOD activity in response to both pollutants was more related to the expression level of DjCuZnSOD than to DjMnSOD, indicating that the mRNA expression of CuZnSOD would be a more sensitive biomarker than MnSOD in monitoring the pollution of aquatic environment and CuZnSOD might play more important role than MnSOD in eliminating superoxide anions caused by pollutants in D. japonica.
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PMID:CuZnSOD and MnSOD from freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica: cDNA cloning, mRNA expression and enzyme activity in response to environmental pollutants. 3059 90

Drought and salinity are two of the most frequently co-occurring abiotic stresses. Despite recent advances in the elucidation of the effects of these stresses individually during the vegetative stage of plants, significant gaps exist in our understanding of the combined effects of these two frequently co-occurring stresses. Here, Tibetan wild barley XZ5 (drought tolerant), XZ16 (salt tolerant), and cultivated barley cv. CM72 (salt tolerant) were subjected to drought (D), salinity (S), or a combination of both treatments (D+S). Protein synthesis is one of the primary activities of the green part of the plant. Therefore, leaf tissue is an important parameter to evaluate drought and salinity stress conditions. Sixty differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF) and classified into 9 biological processes based on Gene Ontology annotation. Among them, 21 proteins were found to be expressed under drought or salinity alone; however, under D+S, 7 proteins, including S-adenosylmethionine synthetase 3 (SAMS3), were exclusively upregulated in drought-tolerant XZ5 but not in CM72. HvSAMS3 carries both N-terminal and central domains compared with Arabidopsis and activates the expression of several ethylene (ET)-responsive transcription factors. HvSAMS3 is mainly expressed in the roots and stems, and HvSAMS3 is a secretory protein located in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. Barley stripe mosaic virus-based virus-induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS) of HvSAMS3 in XZ5 severely compromised its tolerance to D+S and significantly reduced plant growth and K+ uptake. The reduced tolerance to the combined stress was associated with the inhibition of polyamines such as spermidine and spermine, polyamine oxidase, ethylene, biotin, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, the exogenous application of ethylene and biotin improved the tolerance to D+S in BSMV-VIGS:HvSAMS3-inoculated plants. Our findings highlight the significance of HvSAMS3 in the tolerance to D+S in XZ5.
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PMID:The Barley S-Adenosylmethionine Synthetase 3 Gene HvSAMS3 Positively Regulates the Tolerance to Combined Drought and Salinity Stress in Tibetan Wild Barley. 3258 35