Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30044 (antioxidant enzyme)
 8,037 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oxidant stress resistance in Conyza bonariensis and wheat (Triticum aestivum) has been correlated with high levels of antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally, external oxidant stresses can increase a plant's levels of the enzymes of polyamine biosynthesis and polyamines, especially putrescine. We investigated the constitutive relationships between putrescine, putrescine-generating enzymes, and oxidant stress resistance in wheat and C. bonariensis. Putrescine was Constitutively elevated (2.5- to 5.7-fold) in 2-week-old-resistant wheat and C. bonariensis biotypes, which correlated with a 10- to 15-fold increase in paraquat oxidant resistance. Arginine and ornithine decarboxylase activities doubled, along with higher putrescine levels in resistant C. bonariensis. The variations in levels of putrescine and arginine and ornithine decarboxylase activities paralleled the constitutive variation of antioxidant enzymes, as well as oxidant resistance. Higher levels of both putrescine and antioxidant enzyme activities occurred during a peak of oxidant resistance at 10 weeks, when paraquat resistance in C. bonariensis plants is >50-fold greater than in the sensitive biotype. Application of 100 [mu]M putrescine can double oxidant-stress resistance in the resistant C. bonariensis. Putrescine may play an important role in contributing to the base level of oxidant resistance found at the nonpeak period.
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PMID:Constitutively Elevated Levels of Putrescine and Putrescine-Generating Enzymes Correlated with Oxidant Stress Resistance in Conyza bonariensis and Wheat. 1222 75

Nitric oxide (NO) is a short lived, readily diffusible intracellular messenger molecule associated with multiple organ-specific regulatory functions. In this communication, we elucidate the effect of exogenous NO administration, using nitroglycerin (GTN), on ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-induced renal oxidative stress, hyperproliferative response and necrosis in ddY mice. Fe-NTA is a known complete renal carcinogen as well as renal and hepatic tumor promoter, which act by generating oxidative stress in the tissues. GTN treatment to ddY mice prior to Fe-NTA administration resulted in a highly significant protection against Fe-NTA-induced renal oxidative stress, hyperproliferative response and necrosis. In oxidative stress protection studies, the decrease in the level of renal glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities induced by Fe-NTA were significantly reversed by GTN pretreatment in a dose-dependent manner (12-46% recovery, P<0.05-0.001). GTN pretreatment also resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition (24-39% inhibition, P<0.05-0.001) of Fe-NTA-induced lipid peroxidation as measured by TBARS formation in renal tissues. Similarly, in hyperproliferation protection studies, GTN pretreatment showed a strong inhibition of Fe-NTA-induced renal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity (51-57% inhibition, P<0.001) and [3H]thymidine incorporation (43-58% inhibition, P<0.001) into renal DNA. GTN pretreatment almost completely prevented kidney biomolecules from oxidative damage and protected the tissue against the observed histopathological alterations. From this data, it can be concluded that exogenously produced NO from GTN might scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases toxic metabolites of Fe-NTA and thereby inhibiting renal oxidative stress. In addition, exogenously produced NO can also inhibit Fe-NTA-induced hyperproliferative response by down-regulating the activity of ODC and the rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation into renal DNA and could be suggested as another possible clinical application for this NO-donor (GTN, traditionally used as a vasodilator) in oncological medicine.
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PMID:Nitroglycerin, a nitric oxide generator attenuates ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced renal oxidative stress, hyperproliferative response and necrosis in ddY mice. 1457 7

The present study was carried out to study the effect of gentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA)) on the tumor promotion related events of carcinogenesis in murine skin. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) (20 mg/0.2 ml/animal) and ultraviolet radiations (UVR) (0.420 J/m2/s) were used to induce tumor promotion response and oxidative stress and caused significant depletion in the detoxification and antioxidant enzyme armory with concomitant elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and unscheduled DNA synthesis. However, gentisic acid pretreatment at two different doses restored the levels of the above said parameters (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner except in the case of ODC activity. Therefore, we propose that it might suppress the promotion stage via inhibition of oxidative stress but may not affect the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.
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PMID:Modulatory effect of gentisic acid on the augmentation of biochemical events of tumor promotion stage by benzoyl peroxide and ultraviolet radiation in Swiss albino mice. 1545 5

The present study was carried out to study the effect of Butea monosperma, a known liver acting drug on the tumor promotion related events of carcinogenesis in rat liver. Thioacetamide (TAA) was used to induce tumor promotion response and oxidative stress and caused significant depletion in the detoxification and antioxidant enzyme armory with concomitant elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) generation, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and unscheduled DNA synthesis. However, B. monosperma pretreatment at two different doses restored the levels of the above-said parameters (p < 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner. The alcoholic extract of B. monosperma used in the present study seems to offer dose-dependent protection and maintain the structural integrity of hepatic cells. This was evident from the significant reduction in TAA-induced serum GOT, GPT, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase activity (GGT) activities (p < 0.001). These investigations validate the use of B. monosperma in liver disorders by Ayurvedic physicians. Overall results indicate that the methanolic extract of B. monosperma possesses hepatoprotective effects and also it might suppress the promotion stage via inhibition of oxidative stress and polyamine biosynthetic pathway.
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PMID:Butea monosperma and chemomodulation: protective role against thioacetamide-mediated hepatic alterations in Wistar rats. 1642 22

The present study is an effort to identify a potent chemopreventive agent against various diseases (including cancer) in which oxidative stress and cell proliferation plays an important causative role. This study was designed to investigate the effect of gallic acid against ferric nitrilotriacetic acid (Fe-NTA)-induced carcinogen/ drug metabolizing phase I and phase II enzymes, antioxidative parameters, kidney markers, tumour promotion markers and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in kidney of male Wistar rats. Fe-NTA (9 mg Fe/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) caused significant depletion in the detoxification and antioxidant enzyme armoury with concomitant elevation in renal LPO, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, hydrogen peroxide generation, ornithine decarboxylase activity and [3H]thymidine incorporation into renal DNA. However, pretreatment of animals with gallic acid (10 and 20 mg/kg body weight) resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of the parameters measured (P <0.001). Renal glutathione content (P <0.001), glutathione metabolizing enzyme (P <0.001) and antioxidant enzyme levels were also recovered to a significant level (P <0.001). The enhanced reduced glutathione level and enzyme activities involved in xenobiotic metabolism and maintaining antioxidant status of cells are suggestive of a chemopreventive efficacy of gallic acid against Fe-NTA-mediated oxidative stress, toxicity and cell proliferative response in Wistar rats.
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PMID:Effect of gallic acid on renal biochemical alterations in male Wistar rats induced by ferric nitriloacetic acid. 1701 5

We investigated the effects of short-term salinity stress and spermidine application to salinized nutrient solution on polyamine metabolism and various stress defense reactions in the roots of two cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars, Changchun mici and Jinchun No. 2. Seedlings grown in nutrient solution salinized with 50mM NaCl for 8d displayed reduced relative water content, net photosynthetic rates and plant growth, together with increased lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage in the roots. These changes were more marked in cv. Jinchun No. 2 than in cv. Changchun mici, confirming that the latter cultivar is more salinity-tolerant than the former. Salinity stress caused an increase in superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production, particularly in cv. Jinchun No. 2 roots, while the salinity-induced increase in antioxidant enzyme activities and proline contents in the roots was much larger in cv. Changchun mici than in cv. Jinchun No. 2. In comparison to cv. Jinchun No. 2, cv. Changchun mici showed a marked increase in arginine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and diamine oxidase activities, as well as free spermidine and spermine, soluble conjugated and insoluble bound putrescine, spermidine and spermine contents in the roots during exposure to salinity. On the other hand, spermidine application to salinized nutrient solution resulted in alleviation of the salinity-induced membrane damage in the roots and plant growth and photosynthesis inhibition, together with an increase in polyamine and proline contents and antioxidant enzyme activities in the roots of cv. Jinchun No. 2 but not of cv. Changchun mici. These results suggest that spermidine confers short-term salinity tolerance on cucumber probably through inducing antioxidant enzymes and osmoticants.
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PMID:Exogenous spermidine affects polyamine metabolism in salinity-stressed Cucumis sativus roots and enhances short-term salinity tolerance. 1824 70

Ferric nitrilotriacetic acid (Fe-NTA) (9 mg Fe/kg body weight, i.p.) caused significant depletion in the detoxification and antioxidant enzyme armory with concomitant elevation in renal lipidperoxidation, serum toxicity markers viz. creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, hydrogen peroxide generation, ornithine decarboxylase activity and [3H] thymidine incorporation into renal DNA in wistar rats. However, pretreatment of animals with luteolin (10 and 20 micromol/kg body weight) for 7 consecutive days resulted in significant decrease in above parameters level. Renal glutathione content, glutathione metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant enzymes were also recovered to significant level. The enhanced reduced glutathione level and enzyme activities involved in xenobiotic metabolism and maintaining antioxidant status of cells is suggestive of a chemopreventive efficacy of luteolin against Fe-NTA mediated oxidative stress, toxicity and cell proliferation response in rats.
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PMID:Luteolin ameliorates ferric nitrilotriacetic acid induced renal toxicity and tumor promotional response in rat. 1957 1

In the present study, we have evaluated the chemopreventive effects of perillyl alcohol (POH) against diethylnitrosamine-initiated and 2-AAF (2-acetylaminofluorine)-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats. Efficacy of POH against 2-AAF-induced hepatotoxicity was evaluated in terms of biochemical estimation of antioxidant enzyme activities, histopathological changes and expression levels of proliferative markers. 2-AAF is a potent hepatotoxicant and a hepatic carcinogen that induces its effect by causing oxidative stress. Pre-treatment of POH prevented oxidative stress and tumour incidences. POH suppressed 2-AAF-induced early tumour markers, namely ornithine decarboxylase activity, thymidine phosphorylase and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein and also suppressed the expression of pro-apoptotic protein P53. Histopathological findings revealed that POH-pretreated groups showed marked recovery. From our results, it could be concluded that POH markedly protects against chemically induced liver cancer and acts possibly by virtue of its antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.
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PMID:Perillyl alcohol as a protective modulator against rat hepatocarcinogenesis via amelioration of oxidative damage and cell proliferation. 2353 16

Salt stress, particularly short-term salt stress, is among the most serious abiotic factors limiting plant survival and growth in China. It has been established that exogenous spermidine (Spd) stimulates plant tolerance to salt stress. The present study utilized two zoysiagrass cultivars commonly grown in China that exhibit either sensitive (cv. Z081) or tolerant (cv. Z057) adaptation capacity to salt stress. The two cultivars were subjected to 200 mM salt stress and treated with different exogenous Spd concentrations for 8 days. Polyamine [diamine putrescine (Put), tetraamine spermine (Spm), and Spd], H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and polyamine metabolic (ADC, ODC, SAMDC, PAO, and DAO) and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase) enzyme activities were measured. The results showed that salt stress induced increases in Spd and Spm contents and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), and diamine oxidase (DAO) activities in both cultivars. Exogenous Spd application did not alter polyamine contents via regulation of polyamine-degrading enzymes, and an increase in polyamine biosynthetic enzyme levels was observed during the experiment. Increasing the concentration of exogenous Spd resulted in a tendency of the Spd and Spm contents and ODC, SAMDC, DAO, and antioxidant enzyme activities to first increase and then decrease in both cultivars. H2O2 and MDA levels significantly decreased in both cultivars treated with Spd. Additionally, in both cultivars, positive correlations between polyamine biosynthetic enzymes (ADC, SAMDC), DAO, and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT), but negative correlations with H2O2 and MDA levels, and the Spd + Spm content were observed with an increase in the concentration of exogenous Spd.
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PMID:The Effect of Exogenous Spermidine Concentration on Polyamine Metabolism and Salt Tolerance in Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud) Subjected to Short-Term Salinity Stress. 2758 52