Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30044 (antioxidant enzyme)
 8,037 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Injection of D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide (DGaIN/LPS) is useful as an experimental model of acute hepatic damage. Juvenile rats were used for investigation. The hepatoprotective activity of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract (AGE) at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight for 14 days, intraperitoneal (i.p.) prior to the induction of DGalN/LPS, was investigated against DGalN/LPS-induced hepatitis in rats. DGalN/LPS (300 mg/kg body weight/30 microg/kg body weight, i.p.), induced hepatic damage that was manifested by a significant increase in the activities of marker enzymes [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma glutamyl transferase (gamma GT)], bilirubin, lipid peroxides (LPO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity level in serum. Also, the lipid profile in serum and liver homogenate including total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids were significantly deteriorated. The antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; reduced glutathione, GSH; catalase, CAT and glutathione peroxidase, GPX) in liver homogenate were significantly decreased in the DGalN/LPS. Pretreatment of rats with AGE reversed these altered parameters near to normal control values. Results of this study revealed that AGE could afford a significant protection in the alleviation of DGalN/LPS-induced hepatic damage.
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PMID:Aqueous garlic extract attenuates hepatitis and oxidative stress induced by galactosamine/lipoploysaccharide in rats. 1857 Feb 25

The effects of different concentrations of Pb on growth of Allium sativum L, Pb uptake and accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content were investigated. The results indicated that shoot growth at high concentration of Pb (10(-3) M) and roots growth at 10(-3) M and 10(-4) M Pb were significantly inhibited. Lead ions were accumulated mainly in the roots and only small amounts were translocated to bulbs and shoots. SOD activities in shoot and roots exposed to 10(-3) M Pb were observed to be high. Plants exposed to 10(-3) M Pb showed a significant increase in POD activity in roots versus the control and other Pb treatments. In roots, CAT activity and MDA concentration at 10(-3) M Pb is high significantly. The mechanisms of Pb toxicity and tolerance in garlic are briefly discussed.
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PMID:Uptake and accumulation and oxidative stress in garlic (Allium sativum L.) under lead phytotoxicity. 1877 94

There is mounting evidence indicating that reactive free radical species are involved in initiation and development of many different forms of human pathologies including psychiatric disorders. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether serum selenium (Se), antioxidant enzyme (glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px, superoxide dismutase, SOD, and catalase, CAT) activities, and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a product of lipid peroxidation, were associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The participants were 28 patients with OCD that were drug-free at least for a month and a control group (n=28) of healthy subjects, matched with respect to age and sex. In both groups, the levels of the erythrocyte MDA, GSH-Px, SOD, Se, and the CAT were measured. The levels of MDA and SOD were statistically significantly higher (p<0.01, p<0.05 respectively) in patients than controls. The activities of CAT, GSH-Px, and serum Se levels were statistically significantly lower (p<0.0001, p<0.001, and p<0.001 respectively) in patients than controls. There was a positive correlation in patients between plasma GSH-Px activity and Se concentration (r=52, p=0.001). However, in patients with OCD, CAT and SOD activities were significantly and negatively correlated with MDA levels (r=-0.45, p=0.017 for CAT and r=-0.54, p=0.020 for SOD). The study shows the presence of a significant relationship of OCD and oxidative stress, and consequently, an involvement of free radicals and of the antioxidant defence.
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PMID:Serum selenium and plasma malondialdehyde levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. 1895 13

The present paper investigated the short-term colonization by plants of a highly degraded soil in field conditions. The objectives were to identify, through phytosociological analysis, the plant species able to grow on such polluted areas and to characterize pollutant effects at different biological levels through analyses of plant oxidative status, plant growth or community indexes of richness and biodiversity. Our results showed that among the plants present in the uncontaminated surrounding area, only few species were able to colonize the polluted soil. These species were typical of the first years of grassland successions. Ecological indexes proved that the polluted soil vegetation presented a lower degree of species richness and biodiversity than the control area. These discrepancies were partly explained by pollutant phytotoxicity. Indeed, for several species including Erigeron canadensis and Oenothera biennis, we observed toxic effects of the polluted soil on plant height and biomass. Moreover, at the cellular level, changes in antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, APX, GPX and GRD) and lipid peroxidation level (MDA) were observed. Such biochemical changes seemed to play an important role on plant sensitivity/tolerance to pollutants and thus to render them more or less competitive for colonization of such disturbed areas.
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PMID:Ecological recovery of vegetation on a coke-factory soil: role of plant antioxidant enzymes and possible implications in site restoration. 1897 11

Maize seedlings treated with various concentrations (25-100 microM) of copper for 15 days. A progressive decrease of root length and biomass with increasing Cu in nutrient solution was observed. The roots accumulated significantly higher amounts of Cu than the above ground parts. Accumulation of copper resulted in more active lipid peroxidation in both roots and shoots, which was attributed to copper-induced additional oxidative stress. Activities of APX (ascorbate peroxidase), GPX (guaiacol peroxidase), GR (glutathione reductase) and CAT(catalase) were higher in both roots and shoots in response to copper accumulation. Changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities suggest that oxidative damage may be involved in copper toxicity.
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PMID:Copper-induce change in antioxidative system in maize (Zea mays L.). 1909 78

Taking cut flower chrysanthemum 'Jinba' as test material, the effects of exogenous Ca2+ on its photosynthetic system and antioxidant enzyme activities under high temperature stress were investigated, with the possible action mechanisms of Ca2+ discussed. The results showed that under high temperature stress, Ca2+ addition greatly inhibited the net photosynthesis rate (P(n)) and quantum yield of PS II electron transport (phi(PS II)). After 24 h treatment, the P(n) and psi(PS II) were increased by 31.11% and 21.88% , respectively, and the initial fluorescence (F(o)) decreased by 13.19%, compare with the control. Ca2+ addition also greatly enhanced the activities of SOD, POD and CAT, and thus, the active oxygen was scavenged timely. After 24 h treatment, the MDA accumulation and REC were 29.20% and 35.81% lower than the control, respectively. In conclusion, Ca2+ addition could efficiently protect chrysanthemum leaves from the damage in photosynthetic apparatus under short-term high temperature stress.
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PMID:[Effects of exogenous Ca2+ on leaf photosynthetic apparatus and active oxygen scavenging enzyme system of chrysanthemum under high temperature stress]. 1910 13

There is now increasing evidence that free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in a variety of pathological events. Reactive oxygen species are produced during normal cellular function and lead to lipid peroxidation, massive protein oxidation and degradation. Taurine is an abundant free amino acid in inflammatory cells, where it is thought to be cytoprotective. The aim of the present study was to examine whether taurine enhances endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity and/or regulates ROS generation in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. B16F10 cells were exposed to medium containing taurine for a period of 24 h. Cell viability, measured by the MTT assay, exhibited a dose-dose dependent inhibition. Taurine increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and CAT compared to those of the control, an effect paralleling an increase in gene expression. Taurine also reduced ROS content in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, our results suggest that taurine decreases ROS levels by increasing the levels of the antioxidant enzymes.
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PMID:Effect of taurine on antioxidant enzyme system in B16F10 melanoma cells. 1923 81

Research increasingly suggests that enantiomer selectivity may be a part of the toxicological effects of chiral contaminants. In this study, we selected Japonica rice variety Xiushui 63 seedlings to evaluate the enantioselectivity of imazethapyr (IM). Significant differences in rice seedling morphology, antioxidant enzyme, oxidant marker and gene transcription were observed between the two IM enantiomers. In the seedling morphological assay, IM enantiomers inhibited elongation of primary roots and shoots, and reduced the number of adventitious roots and the density of root hairs. The inhibitory effects were enhanced with increasing concentrations of IM. The maximal root relative inhibition rate reached 80.4%, 67.0%, and 73.5% for R-(-)-IM, S-(+)-IM and racemate at the concentration of 0.5 mg L(-1), respectively, and the maximal shoot relative inhibition rate reached 77.7%, 26.9%, and 61.7%, respectively. The activities of SOD, POD and CAT and the content of MDA increased at 0.5 mg L(-1) of R-(-)-IM treatment, and were 1.8, 3.3, 1.4, and 2.2 times, respectively, over the activities S-(+)-IM. Real-time PCR showed that R-(-)-IM minimized the transcript abundance of ALS in shoot tissue to 12.2% of the S-(+)-IM, and minimized the transcript abundance of PC in seed to 9.2% of the S-(+)-IM. R-(-)-IM maximized the transcript abundance of beta-amylase in shoots to 8.6-time of the S-(+)-IM. Results from this study imply that R-(-)-IM has stronger toxicity on the growth of rice than S-(+)-IM.
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PMID:Enantioselective phytotoxicity of the herbicide imazethapyr in rice. 1950 84

Through different working condition experiments, effect of hydraulic loading on antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase) and digestive enzyme (cellulose, alkaline phosphatase) activities of earthworm in biofilter were studied. The results indicated that antioxidant enzyme and digestive enzyme activities of earthworms responded to hydraulic loading stresses differently. SOD and CAT activities of earthworms increased with the increase of hydraulic loading in the scale of 2.4-6.7 m3 x (m2 x d)(-1), earthworms resisted external environmental stress by coordination function of antioxidation system, so they could survive in different conditions. In addition, digestive enzyme activity, digest ability, sludge reduction and stabilization effect showed excellent correlation (p < 0.05). When the hydraulic loading was 4.8 m3 x (m2 x d)(-1), earthworm biofilter showed a high level of AKP, FP and digest rate (41.47%), which was notably better than that of other conditions, sludge and organic matter reduction rate came to the maximum, 48.2% and 65.5% respectively. However, higher level of hydraulic loading [> or = 6.0 m3 x (m2 x d)(-1)] restrained AKP and FP activity markedly and metabolism level was affected, sludge reduction rate had certain decadence, so it was unfavorable for earthworm biofilter to bring the ecological function into play. At last it is recommended that the hydraulic loading of earthworm biofilter should not exceed 6.0 m3 x (m2 x d)(-1).
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PMID:[Effect of hydraulic loading on antioxidant enzyme and digestive enzyme activities of earthworm in biofilter]. 1954 1

Populus cathayana Rehd., a dioecious tree species, occupies a wide range of habitats in southwest China. Both males and females were grown under two regimes of photoperiod, from mid-length to short-day photoperiod (SD shift), or to long-day photoperiod (LD shift). SD shift triggered leaf senescence in both males and females by decreasing net photosynthesis rate (A), transpiration (E), and chlorophyll pigment (Chl), non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) contents, while increasing abscisic acid (ABA), malonaldehyde (MDA) and free proline (Pro) contents. The antioxidant enzyme (e.g. POD, CAT and SOD) activities and capability to maintain ultrastructural integrity also decreased under SD shift. Males exhibited faster leaf senescence than did females, as shown by greater decreases in A, E, Chl and IAA. However, males maintained a less senescent stage than did females, as indicated by higher values of A, Chl, NSC, IAA and antioxidant enzyme activities. Conversely, A, E, NSC and IAA contents and antioxidant enzyme activities were enhanced by lower O(2)(*-) in females, whereas reduced by higher O(2)(*-) in males under LD shift. Such sex-dependent responses of P. cathayana to photoperiod transitions showed that males and females possess different adaptabilities, which may relate to sex-specific leaf senescence speed under changing environments.
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PMID:Sex-related adaptive responses of Populus cathayana to photoperiod transitions. 1955 65


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