Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30044 (antioxidant enzyme)
 8,037 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Folic acid and vitamin C were used in the concentration range of 0-500muM as exogenous growth enhancers to stimulate pea (Pisum sativum) seedling vigour. The results suggest that a concentration of 50muM folic acid and 500muM vitamin C were optimum in maximally enhancing seed vigour and potentially seedling performance according to both agronomic and biochemical seed vigour parameters. Results indicated that germination percentage, shoot weight, shoot height, and root length were enhanced in folic acid and vitamin C treated plants compared to control plants. The levels of enhanced phenolic content in response to folic acid and vitamin C treatments were highest on days 8 and 10. Evaluation of critical biochemical parameters indicated that the average glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity and proline content in response to treatments were higher than control and correlated to enhanced phenolic content and DPPH-based antioxidant activity. Key enzymes, guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were also higher in response to treatments and correlated to enhanced phenolic content and DPPH-based antioxidant activity. Taken together, these studies support the hypothesis that the proline-linked pentose phosphate pathway stimulates phenolic synthesis and related free-radical scavenging antioxidant activity. Further, this proline-linked pentose phosphate pathway stimulation in response to folic acid and vitamin C was also correlated to antioxidant enzyme response indicated by the stimulation of GPX, SOD, and CAT activities. Therefore, this study indicates the enhancement of seed vigour response by folic acid and vitamin C as reflected in both agronomic and biochemical responses, and this occurred through the stimulation of phenolic-linked antioxidant response that is likely positively modulated through the proline-linked pentose phosphate pathway.
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PMID:Effect of vitamin C and folic acid on seed vigour response and phenolic-linked antioxidant activity. 1687

This study was done to investigate the effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) administered subcutaneously and by gavage on neutrophil function and cytotoxicity in neutrophils and lymphocytes. A gavage administration resulted in an increase in phagocytic capacity in neutrophils in a dose depended manner for 1 mg, 2 mg, 18 mg, and 40 mg of IAA per kg of body mass, respectively, compared with the control. Similarly, subcutaneous administration of IAA at 2, 18, and 40 mg per kg of body mass promoted a significant rise in phagocytosis by neutrophils. H2O2 production in neutrophils from treated rats by gavage was similar to those receiving subcutaneous IAA treatment, and did not show a significant difference between treatments and control. IAA treatment, whether by gavage or subcutaneous, did not produce an alteration in antioxidant enzyme activities or in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity of either neutrophils or lymph nodes. Subcutaneous IAA administration did not alter the neutrophil and lymphocyte death as deduced by unaltered membrane integrity, DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial transmembrane potential, compared with controls. In conclusion, IAA administration either subcutaneously or by gavage could increase the phagocytic capacity by neutrophils and this acid administration did not have prooxidant effects or cytotoxic effects on neutrophils and lymphocytes.
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PMID:Effect of indole-3-acetic acid administration by gavage and by subcutaneous injection on rat leukocytes. 1713 11

1. The in vivo effects of the non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) amtolmetin guacyl (AMG) on lipid peroxidation (LP) and on antioxidant enzyme and non-enzyme defence systems were investigated in models of stomach and colon damages, induced by other NSAIDs, by ethanol or by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). 2. Indomethacin increased LP, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Glu-6-P-DH) activities and decreased glutathione levels in gastric mucosa. Pretreatment with AMG normalized some of the parameters affected by indomethacin. 3. Treatment of rats with ethanol for 0.5 h led to a decrease in glutathione levels as well as activities of glutathione reductase and Glu-6-P-DH in gastric mucosa. AMG, administered 0.5 h before ethanol, limited the adverse actions of ethanol. 4. Amtolmetin guacyl failed to abolish the TNBS-induced changes in the followed-up parameters in colon mucosa and liver, but additional alterations (as with tolmetin) were not observed. 5. The beneficial profile of AMG in the various experimental models of free radical-induced damage investigated in this study suggests the possibility that this drug might possess antioxidant activity.
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PMID:In vivo effects of amtolmetin guacyl on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence systems in different models of gastrointestinal injury. 1719 77

Infection-induced RBC dysfunction has been shown to play a role in the modulation of host response to injury and infection. The underlying biochemical mechanisms are not known. This study investigated alterations in RBC band-3 phosphorylation status and its relationship to anion exchange activity in vitro as well as under in vivo septic conditions induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice. Pervanadate treatment in vitro increased band-3 tyrosine phosphorylation that was accompanied by decreased RBC deformability and anion exchange activity. Following sepsis, band-3 tyrosine phosphorylation in whole RBC ghosts as well as in cytoskeleton-bound or soluble RBC protein fractions were elevated as compared to controls. Although anion exchange activity was similar in RBCs from septic and control animals, band-3 interaction with eosin-5-maleimide (EMA), which binds to band-3 lysine moieties, was increased in cells from septic animals as compared to controls, indicating that sepsis altered band 3 organization within the RBC membrane. Since glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is a major antioxidant enzyme in RBC, in order to assess the potential role of oxidative stress in band-3 tyrosine phosphorylation, sepsis-induced RBC responses were also compared between WT and (G6PD) mutant animals (20% of normal G6PD activity). Band-3 membrane content and EMA staining were elevated in G6PD mutant mice compared to WT under control non-septic conditions. Following sepsis, G6PD mutant animals showed lessened responses in band-3 tyrosine phosphorylation and EMA staining compared to WT. RBC anion exchange activity was similar between mutant and WT animals under all tested conditions. In summary, these studies indicate that sepsis results in elevated band-3 tyrosine phosphorylation and alters band-3 membrane organization without grossly affecting RBC anion exchange activity. The observations also suggest that factors other than oxidative stress are responsible for the sepsis-induced increase in RBC band-3 tyrosine phosphorylation.
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PMID:Augmented erythrocyte band-3 phosphorylation in septic mice. 1738 23

Peripheral blood cultures were exposed to various doses (5 to 500 mg/L) of boron compounds. Sister-chromatid exchange, micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests were applied to estimate the DNA damage, and biochemical parameters (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, total glutathione, malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity) were examined to determine oxidative stress. According to our findings, various boron compounds at low doses were useful in supporting antioxidant enzyme activities in human blood cultures. It was found that the boron compounds do not have genotoxic effects even in the highest concentrations, though in increasing doses they constitute oxidative stress. It is concluded that the tested boron compounds can be used safely, but it is necessary to consider the tissue damages which are likely to appear depending on the oxidative stress.
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PMID:Effects of some boron compounds on peripheral human blood. 1827 94

The in vitro effects of alloxan and the product of its reduction dialuric acid (alone or in combination with copper ions) on lipid peroxidation, carbonyl content, GSH level and antioxidant enzyme activities in rat liver and kidney have been studied. The effects of Cu2+/alloxan and Cu2+/dialuric acid were compared with those of Fe3+/alloxan and Fe3+/dialuric acid. Unlike alloxan, dialuric acid increased liver and kidney lipid peroxidation; similar effects were registered in the presence of Fe3+. In the presence of Cu2+/dialuric acid, the lipid peroxidation was strongly inhibited and vice versa--the liver protein oxidation was increased. Alloxan and dialuric acid, as well as their combinations with Fe3+ had no effect on the total GSH level. Both substances did not affect the Cu2+-induced changes in GSH level, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and gluthatione reductase activities. In contrast, Cu2+ had no effect on dialuric-acid induced changes in gluthatione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities. The present in vitro results, concerning the metal dependence of the effects of alloxan and dialuric acid, are a premise for in vivo study of alloxan effects in metal-loaded animals.
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PMID:In vitro effects of alloxan/copper combinations on lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and antioxidant enzymes. 1827 62

Bee's wax produced by honeybees is rich in polyphenols. As the polyphenols are thought to protect cell constituents against oxidative damage through scavenging of free radicals, the present work was undertaken to evaluate the effects of polyphenols extracted from bees wax on the oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. The polyphenols extracted by 80% methanol from bee wax (PBW) were fed to Wistar rats at 100 mg/kg body weight and 200 mg/kg body weight for 14 days in order to study its antioxidative and antihepatotoxic effects against CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg body weight)-induced stress. On 15th day all the rats were sacrificed, blood was collected for serum and organs/tissues were excised for biochemical analysis. The results showed a significant decrease in hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities viz. catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a significant increase in glutathione S-transferase (GST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) by CCl4, probably due to the peroxidative effects. The prophylactic use of PBW at 200 mg/kg level resulted in a significant increase in CCl4-induced reduction in catalase, G-6-PDH, GSSGR and SOD. The hepatic levels of lipid peroxides viz. malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes and lipid hydroperoxides, enhanced by the administration of CCl4 were brought down by the ingestion of PBW at a level of 200 mg/kg. The hepatotoxicity caused by the administration of CCl4 was reduced significantly. Hence, it is concluded that the polyphenols from bees wax exhibit hepatoprotective and antioxidative properties in
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PMID:Bees wax polyphenols as suppressor of CC1--induced oxidative stress in rats. 1847 90

The redox status and steroid metabolism of liver of adult male rat exposed to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) either alone or in co-exposure (0.025 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally/15 days) was studied. Pb and Cd significantly accumulated in the liver. The activity of steroid metabolizing enzymes 17-betahydroxysteroid oxidoreductase and uridine diphosphate-glucuronyltransferase were decreased in experimental animals. 17-beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was reduced to 33%, 38%, and 24% on treatment of Pb, Cd, and co-exposure (Pb + Cd). Furthermore, the activity of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase was significantly reduced to 27% (Pb exposure), 36% (Cd exposure), and 25% (co-exposure of Pb + Cd). Cd exposure exhibited more toxic effect than Pb, while co-exposure demonstrated the least. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased and glutathione peroxidase increased in mitochondrial and post-mitochondrial fractions. The level of lipid peroxidation increased, and cellular glutathione concentration decreased. Hepatic DNA was decreased, whereas RNA content and the activity of alanine transaminase remained unchanged. Histological studies revealed that only Cd-exposed groups exhibited cytotoxic effect. These results suggest that when Pb and Cd are present together in similar concentrations, they exhibited relatively decreased toxic effect when compared to lead and cadmium in isolation with regard to decreased steroid metabolizing and antioxidant enzyme activities. This seems that the toxic effect of these metals is antagonized by co-exposure due to possible competition amongst Pb and Cd for hepatic accumulation.
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PMID:Lead and cadmium co-exposure mediated toxic insults on hepatic steroid metabolism and antioxidant system of adult male rats. 1965 23

Cellular respiration in an oxygen-rich environment leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species. These partially reduced forms of molecular oxygen can readily react with biological molecules, often modifying their normal biological function. Antioxidant enzyme mechanisms have evolved to eliminate reactive oxygen species and minimize the oxidant stress caused by their reactivity. Inherited and acquired deficiencies of key antioxidant enzymes lead to a dysregulated redox environment, which can promote pathobiology; when this redox dysfunction occurs in the blood vessel, vascular disease ensues. In this article, we consider three distinct antioxidant enzyme deficiencies - glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase-1 and glutathione peroxidase-3 - and their consequences for vascular disease.
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PMID:Antioxidant enzyme deficiencies and vascular disease. 2019 Aug 73

The aim of this study was to investigate whether Rhodiola crenulata extract and tyrosol, a major bioactive phenolic compound present in Rhodiola, change the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzyme response (AER) and energy pathways linked to proline-mediated pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) during adipogenesis. Treatment with Rhodiola extracts inhibited the activities of proline dehydrogenase (PDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) as well as lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The inhibition of PDH and G6PDH activities by Rhodiola likely prevented proline oxidation required for critical ATP generation that is coupled to AER via the PPP, leading to inhibition of adipogenesis. Rhodiola extracts dose-dependently increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, resulting in a reduced ROS level during adipogenesis. Moreover, the effects of tyrosol, a major bioactive compound in Rhodiola species, were directly correlated with all observed effects by Rhodiola extracts. These results indicate that the antiadipogenic effects of Rhodiola extracts can be attributed to a phenolic tyrosol that may potentially disrupt proline-mediated energy generation and AER via PPP, resulting in the suppression of adipogenesis and lipid accumulation. This further provides a biochemical rationale to identify the roles of phenolics that modulate the cellular redox environment and therefore have relevance for obesity management.
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PMID:Rhodiola-induced inhibition of adipogenesis involves antioxidant enzyme response associated with pentose phosphate pathway. 2062 18


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