Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P30044 (antioxidant enzyme)
 8,037 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the recovery of retinal pigment epithelium and retinal function after 80 minutes of pressure-induced ischemia in rabbits. Just before restoring circulation, we gave intravenous mannitol (an osmotic agent and free-radical scavenger), dextromethorphan (an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist), or catalase (an antioxidant enzyme). Mannitol has not previously been shown to be protective for retinal or retinal pigment epithelial ischemia. At 24 hours after reperfusion, the electroretinogram b-wave was reduced to 37% of preischemic amplitude in untreated eyes, but it recovered to 67% to 80% after treatment with all three agents. The c-wave was replaced by a negative slow PIII response in control eyes and in seven of 12 catalase-treated eyes, but it recovered by 58% to 82% in the remaining catalase-treated eyes and all the mannitol- and dextromethorphan-treated eyes. Histologic examination confirmed that retinal pigment epithelium as well as retina had been damaged by the ischemia. The effects of mannitol seem of special interest, since the drug has a dual mechanism of action and is clinically available.
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PMID:Mannitol, dextromethorphan, and catalase minimize ischemic damage to retinal pigment epithelium and retina. 844 53

In this study, our objective is to investigate the effects of mannitol and 7.5% hypertonic saline (HS) therapy on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the early stages of experimental head traumas in rats. Rats included in the study were divided into four groups: Group I Control, Group II Trauma, Group III Mannitol, and Group IV 7.5% Hypertonic Saline. Rats in Group II were subject to head trauma only. Mannitol was injected intraperitoneally to rats in Group III after head trauma and 7.5% HS was injected intraperitoneally to rats in Group IV after head trauma. Rats were sacrificed 4 h after administration of mannitol or 7.5% HS, and the levels of MDA catalase and GSH-Px in brain tissues extracted from rats were determined. MDA levels in the trauma group were significantly increased compared with the control group (p<0.01), whereas there was a reduction in catalase and GSH-Px levels, although these differences were not significant. By contrast, in the mannitol group, MDA, catalase and GSH-Px levels were lower than the levels in the trauma group, and these reductions were statistically significant (p<0.05). The MDA, catalase and GSH-Px levels of the 7.5% HS group were lower than those of the trauma group; however, this reduction was not statistically significant. It was concluded that mannitol and 7.5% HS therapies that are used to reduce intracranial pressure and to increase the use of catalase, an antioxidant enzyme, and GSH-Px, are likely to reduce cellular damage by reducing the formation of MDA, the levels of which are known to be indicative of cellular level oxidant damage.
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PMID:Activity of mannitol and hypertonic saline therapy on the oxidant and antioxidant system during the acute term after traumatic brain injury in the rats. 1765 7

Chromium (Cr) is one of the most phytotoxic metals in the agricultural soils and its concentration is continuously increasing mainly through anthropogenic activities. Little is known on the role of mannitol (M) on plant growth and physiology under metal stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of growth amelioration and antioxidant enzyme activities in Cr-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Lasani 2008) by exogenously applied mannitol. For this, wheat seedlings were sown in pots containing soil or sand and subjected to increasing Cr concentration (0, 0.25 and 0.5mM) in the form of of K2Cr2O7 with and without foliar application of 100mM mannitol. Plants were harvested after four months and data regarding growth characteristics, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant enzymes were recorded. Mannitol application increased plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes while decreased Cr uptake and accumulation in plants as compared to Cr treatments alone. In this study, we observed that M applied exogenously to Cr-stressed wheat plants, which normally cannot synthesize M, improved their Cr tolerance by increasing growth, photosynthetic pigments and enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes and by decreasing Cr uptake and translocation in wheat plants. From this study, it can be concluded that M could be used to grow crops on marginally contaminated soils for which separate remediation techniques are time consuming and not cost effective.
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PMID:Mannitol alleviates chromium toxicity in wheat plants in relation to growth, yield, stimulation of anti-oxidative enzymes, oxidative stress and Cr uptake in sand and soil media. 2616 68