Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P30044 (antioxidant enzyme)
 8,037 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Catalase (antioxidant enzyme) activity in erythrocytes and serum levels of trace elements (copper, iron, zinc), heavy metals (cadmium, cobalt) and vitamins A (retinol), D (cholecalciferol) and E (alpha-tocopherol) were measured in 145 subjects comprising 47 pre-eclamptic pregnant women (PE), 48 healthy pregnant women (HP) and 50 healthy non-pregnant controls (NP). Catalase, vitamins A, D and E and levels of cobalt were significantly lower in the PE group compared with the HP and NP groups, whereas levels of copper, iron and cadmium were significantly higher in the PE group than in the HP and NP groups. Levels of zinc were significantly lower in both the PE and HP groups compared with the NP group. This assessment of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in pregnant women could be useful in the early identification of pre-eclampsia and antioxidant supplementation in the early weeks of gestation might be useful.
 ...
PMID:Catalase activity, serum trace element and heavy metal concentrations, and vitamin A, D and E levels in pre-eclampsia. 1909 44

The objectives of this study were: to measure some essential metals and toxicants in placentas of mothers delivering neonates with fetal growth restriction, and to establish potential associations between environmental adverse stimulus and antioxidant protective mechanisms. Placentas of 20 mothers delivering neonates with low birth weight (<2500g) and normal birth weight (>3000g) at term were collected. Placental concentration of zinc, mercury, selenium and arsenic were measured by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), and iron, copper, cadmium and lead by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Total glutathione, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant activity and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) were determined spectrophotometrically. Results showed reduced iron levels and increased concentrations of cadmium, lead and arsenic in placentas of mothers delivering low birth weight neonates, but not differences in oxidative stress parameters or antioxidant enzymatic activities, suggesting a relationship between low birth weight and placental concentration of cadmium, arsenic and lead.
 ...
PMID:Fetal growth restriction is related to placental levels of cadmium, lead and arsenic but not with antioxidant activities. 1910 80

A hydroponics experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of salinity (NaCl) and cadmium (Cd) stresses on growth, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activities of three wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Cd and NaCl stresses inhibited plant growth, reduced chlorophyll content, and increased melondialdehyde content and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase. The combined effect of NaCl and Cd on these parameters was larger than both NaCl and Cd alone. There was an obvious difference in the response to the both stresses among the three genotypes, with Pir Sabak-85 being less affected.
 ...
PMID:Effect of cadmium and salinity stresses on growth and antioxidant enzyme activities of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). 1929 26

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic environmental and industrial cumulative pollutant that affects many organs, especially the liver. The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of green tea on cadmium-induced hepatic dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were administered cadmium by injection of 20 micromoles/kg bw/every 3 days for six months. This study revealed significant (p < 0.05) liver dysfunction, lipid peroxidation and a decline in antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver of cadmium-treated rats compared to control animals. Compared to control rats, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT), acid phosphatase (PAC), phosphatase alkaline (PAL), as well as bilirubin and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs), were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in Cd-treated rats. Moreover, antioxidant enzyme activities, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase, were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the liver of cadmium-treated rats. The oral administration of 5% aqueous green tea extract, along with cadmium treatment for six months, caused a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in cadmium-induced toxicity by significantly decreasing (p < 0.05) the activities of enzymatic markers of liver dysfunction (LDH, GGT, PAC, PAL activities, as well as the bilirubin rate). Indeed, green tea extract significantly increased (p < 0.05) antioxidant enzymatic activities (SOD, Catalase, GPX) in rat liver, compared to those given cadmium alone. Thus, the oral administration of green tea, along with cadmium significantly (p < 0.05) improves cadmium-induced liver dysfunction and stress oxidant in rats' liver.
 ...
PMID:Positive effects of green tea on hepatic dysfunction, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence depletion induced by cadmium. 1939 45

A series of hydroponics experiments were performed to investigate roles of silicon (Si) in enhancing cadmium (Cd) tolerance in two pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) cultivars: i.e. cv. Shanghaiqing, a Cd-sensitive cultivar, and cv. Hangyoudong, a Cd-tolerant cultivar. Plants were grown under 0.5 and 5 mg Cd L(-1) Cd stress without or with 1.5 mM Si. Plant growth of the Cd-tolerant cultivar was stimulated at the lower Cd level, but was decreased at the higher Cd level when plants were treated with Cd for one week. However, Plant growth was severely inhibited at both Cd levels as stress duration lasted for up to three weeks. Plant growth of the Cd-sensitive cultivar was severely inhibited at both Cd levels irrespective of Cd stress duration. Addition of Si increased shoot and root biomass of both cultivars at both Cd levels and decreased Cd uptake and root-to-shoot transport. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities decreased, but malondialdehyde and H2O2 concentrations increased at the higher Cd level, which were counteracted by Si added. Ascorbic acid, glutathione and non-protein thiols concentrations increased at the higher Cd level, which were further intensified by addition of Si. The effects of Si and Cd on the antioxidant enzyme activity were further verified by isoenzyme analysis. Silicon was more effective in enhancing Cd tolerance in the Cd-tolerant cultivar than in the Cd-sensitive cultivar. It can be concluded that Si-enhanced Cd tolerance in B. chinensis is attributed mainly to Si-suppressed Cd uptake and root-to-shoot Cd transport and Si-enhanced antioxidant defense activity.
 ...
PMID:Silicon-enhanced resistance to cadmium toxicity in Brassica chinensis L. is attributed to Si-suppressed cadmium uptake and transport and Si-enhanced antioxidant defense capacity. 1961 91

The redox status and steroid metabolism of liver of adult male rat exposed to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) either alone or in co-exposure (0.025 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally/15 days) was studied. Pb and Cd significantly accumulated in the liver. The activity of steroid metabolizing enzymes 17-betahydroxysteroid oxidoreductase and uridine diphosphate-glucuronyltransferase were decreased in experimental animals. 17-beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was reduced to 33%, 38%, and 24% on treatment of Pb, Cd, and co-exposure (Pb + Cd). Furthermore, the activity of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase was significantly reduced to 27% (Pb exposure), 36% (Cd exposure), and 25% (co-exposure of Pb + Cd). Cd exposure exhibited more toxic effect than Pb, while co-exposure demonstrated the least. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased and glutathione peroxidase increased in mitochondrial and post-mitochondrial fractions. The level of lipid peroxidation increased, and cellular glutathione concentration decreased. Hepatic DNA was decreased, whereas RNA content and the activity of alanine transaminase remained unchanged. Histological studies revealed that only Cd-exposed groups exhibited cytotoxic effect. These results suggest that when Pb and Cd are present together in similar concentrations, they exhibited relatively decreased toxic effect when compared to lead and cadmium in isolation with regard to decreased steroid metabolizing and antioxidant enzyme activities. This seems that the toxic effect of these metals is antagonized by co-exposure due to possible competition amongst Pb and Cd for hepatic accumulation.
 ...
PMID:Lead and cadmium co-exposure mediated toxic insults on hepatic steroid metabolism and antioxidant system of adult male rats. 1965 23

The oxidative status and the morphological changes of liver of rats exposed to cadmium (5 mg Cd/kg body weight subcutaneously) for 22 days and the protective role of melatonin (10mg/kg b.w.) against the toxicity of cadmium was studied. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the concentration of glutathione (GSH) was measured in the liver. The morphological changes were investigated using both light and electron microscopes. The exposure to Cd led to an increase of MDA levels and a decrease of both the activity of SOD and GSH concentration in the liver. In contrast, melatonin administration restored the previous changes to nearly the normal levels. Morphologically, Cd led to different histopathological changes such as loss of normal architecture of the parenchymatous tissue, cytoplasmic vacuolization, cellular degeneration and necrosis, congested blood vessels, destructed cristae mitochondria, fat globules, severe glycogen depletion, lipofuscin pigments, and collagenous fibers formation. Again, melatonin administration counteracts all changes and the tissue appears more or less normal. The rate of recovery was faster when melatonin was administered for treatment after the exposure to cadmium than if the animals left without any treatment. The results suggest that melatonin may be useful as an antioxidant in combating free radical-induced oxidative stress and tissue injury that is a result of cadmium toxicity.
 ...
PMID:Melatonin administration ameliorates cadmium-induced oxidative stress and morphological changes in the liver of rat. 1991 98

Cadmium ions have a high affinity for thiol groups. Therefore, they may disturb many cellular functions. We recently reported that cytosolic NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDPc) functions as an antioxidant enzyme to supply NADPH, a major source of reducing equivalents to the cytosol. Cadmium decreased the activity of IDPc both as a purified enzyme and in cultured cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that the knockdown of IDPc expression in HEK293 cells greatly enhances apoptosis induced by cadmium. Transfection of HEK293 cells with an IDPc small interfering RNA significantly decreased the activity of IDPc and enhanced cellular susceptibility to cadmium-induced apoptosis as indicated by the morphological evidence of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation and condensation, cellular redox status, mitochondria redox status and function, and the modulation of apoptotic marker proteins. Taken together, our results suggest that suppressing the expression of IDPc enhances cadmium-induced apoptosis of HEK293 cells by increasing disruption of the cellular redox status.
 ...
PMID:Cytosolic NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase regulates cadmium-induced apoptosis. 1994 73

The present study tested the sensitivity of Salaria basilisca to water-cadmium (Cd) contamination. For this purpose, liver somatic index (LSI), Cd concentrations and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured in the liver of S. basilisca exposed to Cd-contaminated water (2 mg Cd/L as CdCl2) for 14 and 28 d. The results showed that the LSI decreased significantly after 14 and 28 d of Cd-exposure. Cd bioaccumulation in the liver resulted in an increasing uptake up to 42 microg/g dry weight after 28 d of exposure. Activities of CAT and SOD were significantly increased with increasing exposure time. A significant increase in GSH-Px activity, under Cd influence, was observed during 14-day exposure period (p < 0.0001). However, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in this activity with respect to control fish was registered after 28 d of Cd-exposure. These results showed that Cd accumulation in the liver of S. basilisca could induce oxidative stress as demonstrated by changes in the antioxidant enzyme activities. Results also emphasized that S. basilisca may considered as a sensitive species to Cd exposure.
 ...
PMID:Study on the sensitivity to cadmium of marine fish Salaria basilisca (Pisces: Blennidae). 2010 99

Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) is an important antioxidant enzyme that protects aerobic organisms against oxidative damage by degrading hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water. Catalase mRNAs have been cloned from many species and employed as useful biomarkers of oxidative stress. In the present study, we cloned the cDNA from the catalase gene in Daphnia magna, analyzed its catalytic properties, and investigated mRNA expression patterns after the exposure to known oxidative stressors. The catalase proximal heme-ligand signature sequence, FDRERISERVVHAKGSGA, and the proximal active site signature, RLFSYTDTH, are highly conserved. The variation of catalase mRNA expression in D. magna was quantified by real-time PCR, and the results indicated that catalase expression was up-regulated after exposure to UV-B light or cadmium (Cd). The activity of catalase enzyme also showed a similar increasing pattern when exposed to these model stressors. The full-length catalase cDNA of D. magna was cloned using mixed primers by the method of 3' and 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR. The cDNA sequence consists of 1515 nucleotides, encoding 504 amino acids. Sequence comparison showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of D. magna shared 73%, 72%, 71% and 70% identity with that of Chlamys farreri, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, Litopenaeus vannamei and Anopheles gambiae, respectively. This study shows that the catalase mRNA from D. magna could be successfully employed as a biomarker of oxidative stress, which is a common mode of toxicity for many water contaminants.
 ...
PMID:Molecular cloning of Daphnia magna catalase and its biomarker potential against oxidative stresses. 2047 Aug 98


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>