Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30044 (antioxidant enzyme)
 8,037 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity of antioxidant enzymes, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as that of the mitochondrial FAD-dependent alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPD) in the rat interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) were studied after the treatment with methimazole (MMI) for three weeks or with iopanoic acid (IOP) for five days. Besides, the mitochondrial concentration of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and the activity of catecholamine degrading enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the IBAT as well as the activity of the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme, dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in rat serum were examined. Judging by the significantly enhanced level of serum DBH, which is an index of sympathetic activity, and that of IBAT MAO, the increase in MnSOD and CAT activities in the IBAT of hypothyroid (MMI-treated) rats seems to be due to elevated activity of sympathetic nervous system (SNS). However, CuZnSOD activity is not affected by SNS. On the contrary, IOP, which is a potent inhibitor of T4 deiodination into T3 producing "local" hypothyroidism, did not change either SNS activity or activities of IBAT antioxidant enzyme. However, both treatments significantly decreased IBAT UCP-1 content and alpha-GPD activity suggesting that the optimal T3 concentration in the IBAT is necessary for maintaining basal levels of these key mitochondrial parameters.
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PMID:The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of uncoupling protein-1 in the brown adipose tissue of hypothyroid rats: comparison with effects of iopanoic acid. 1152 40

Rat brown adipose tissue mitochondrial subpopulations-isolated by differential centrifugation at 1000, 3000 and 8000g, giving the heavy, medium and light mitochondria-were characterized. Thus, contamination by non-mitochondrial subcellular components, morphological features, respiratory chain and antioxidant enzyme activities, both uncoupling protein 1 and mitochondrial protein content, mitochondrial DNA levels and mitochondrial integrity were measured. Results indicate that mitochondrial fractions showed important differences in the morphological, thermogenic and antioxidant properties. All the parameters studied were always higher in heavy mitochondria, which is indicative of a greater mitochondrial differentiation state.
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PMID:Brown adipose tissue mitochondrial subpopulations show different morphological and thermogenic characteristics. 1607 78

High fat diets (HFD) usually lead to hyperphagia and body weight gain. However, macronutrient proportions in the diet can modulate energy intake and body fat deposition. The aim of the study was to investigate muscle and liver oxidative metabolism in response to an isocaloric intake of a HFD and to elucidate the possible gender-dependent response. Eight week-old male and female rats were fed either standard chow or HFD for 14 weeks. Energy intake, body weight and whole animal oxygen consumption were determined periodically. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption, hydrogen peroxide production, TBARS levels, Cytochrome-c-oxidase, Citrate synthase and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured in muscle and liver. UCP1 and UCP3 protein levels were analyzed in brown adipose tissue and muscle, respectively. Male rats showed higher energy efficiency, enhanced adiposity, greater hydrogen peroxide production and less effective antioxidant machinery compared to females. HFD feeding increased energy expenditure but did not modify either tissue oxidative metabolism or oxidative damage in either gender. HFD animals over-expressed uncoupling proteins in order to maintain energy balance (brown adipose tissue UCP1) and to avoid oxidative stress (skeletal muscle UCP3), thus counteracting the alterations induced by the modification of the proportion of macronutrients in the diet.
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PMID:Skeletal muscle and liver oxidative metabolism in response to a voluntary isocaloric intake of a high fat diet in male and female rats. 1876 60

Obesity is associated with severe metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer. The pathophysiology of obesity-induced metabolic diseases has been strongly related to white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction through several mechanisms such as fibrosis, apoptosis, inflammation, ER and oxidative stress. However, little is known of whether these processes are also present in brown adipose tissue (BAT) during obesity, and the potential consequences on mitochondrial activity. Here we characterized the BAT of obese and hyperglycemic mice treated with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks. The hypertrophic BAT from obese mice showed no signs of fibrosis nor apoptosis, but higher levels of inflammation, ER stress, ROS generation and antioxidant enzyme activity than the lean counterparts. The response was attenuated compared with obesity-induced WAT derangements, which suggests that BAT is more resistant to the obesity-induced insult. In fact, mitochondrial respiration in BAT from obese mice was enhanced, with a 2-fold increase in basal oxygen consumption, through the upregulation of complex III of the electron transport chain and UCP1. Altogether, our results show that obesity is accompanied by an increase in BAT mitochondrial activity, inflammation and oxidative damage.
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PMID:Increased inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial respiration in brown adipose tissue from obese mice. 2916 65