Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30044 (antioxidant enzyme)
 8,037 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with an increase in lipid peroxidation. In several previous reports it was claimed that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) shows its therapeutic potential as a free radical scavenger. The aim of the study was to investigate effects of ASA on cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in an experimental rat model. Control animals (n:7) were administered 1 mL saline solution intraperitoneal (i.p.). Cisplatin group (n:7) was treated with a single dose of cisplatin i.p. (6 mg/kg), ASA group (n:7) was treated with i.p. (2.5 mg/kg) per day during the study, cisplatin plus ASA group (n:7) was administered single dose cisplatin i.p. (6 mg/kg) plus ASA (2.5 mg/kg) during 5 days. At the end of the study, Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) enzymes activities and Malondialdehyde (MDA), Antioxidant Potential (AOP) levels were measured in both erythrocytes and renal tissues. Urea and creatinine levels and renal tissue necrosis in cisplatin plus ASA group were significantly lower than cisplatin group (p = 0.000, p = 0.014, p = 0.015). SODr activities and MDAr levels of cisplatin plus ASA group were also significantly lower than cisplatin group (p = 0.000, p = 0.029). These results show that cisplatin and ASA combination decreases the levels of urea and creatinine, reduces necrosis and improves antioxidant enzyme activities, MDA and AOP in rat kidney.
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PMID:The protective effects of acetylsalicylic acid on free radical production in cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity: an experimental rat model. 1458 80

We have investigated the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Administration of a single dose of cisplatin resulted in the elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in serum, as well as nitric oxide in kidney tissue of rats. Cisplatin also caused reduction of catalase (P < 0.0001), superoxide dismutase (P = 0.149) and glutathrone peroxidase (P < 0.0001) activities in kidney tissue. Although cisplatin caused elevation in malondialdehyde levels and myeloperoxidase activities in kidney tissue, they were not statistically significant. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester was found to be protective against cisplatin-induced antioxidant enzyme reductions. Treatment with free-radical scavenger CAPE attenuated the increase in plasma blood urea nitrogen and kidney nitric oxide levels, and showed histopathological protection against cisplatin-induced acute renal failure. Extensive epithelial cell vacuolization, swelling, desquamation and necrosis were observed in the kidney of the cisplatin-treated rat. There were also larger tubular lumens in cisplatin-treated rats than those of the control and the CAPE groups. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester caused a marked reduction in the extent of tubular damage. It is concluded that administration of cisplatin imposes an oxidative stress to renal tissue and CAPE confers protection against the oxidative damage associated with cisplatin. This mechanism may be attributed to its free-oxygen-radical scavenging activity.
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PMID:Role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, an active component of propolis, against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. 1474 44

This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of vitamin C and vitamin A on oxidative renal tissue damage. Male Wistar rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml saline (control) or 0.5 ml solution of lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg), which caused endotoxemia. Immediately (within 5 min) after the endotoxin injection, the endotoxemic rats were untreated or treated with intraperitoneal injection of vitamin A (195 mg/kg bw), vitamin C (500 mg/kg bw) or their combination. After 24 hours, tissue and blood samples were obtained for histopathological and biochemical investigation. Endotoxin injection caused renal tissue damage and increased erythrocyte and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum nitric oxide (NO), urea and creatinine concentrations, but decreased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities compared to the parameters of control animals. Treatment with vitamin C or with vitamins C and A significantly decreased the MDA levels and serum NO, urea and creatinine levels, recovered the antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GSH-Px and CAT), and prevented the renal tissue damage in endotoxemic rats. In contrast, vitamin A alone did not change the altered parameters except for creatinine levels. Notably, the better effects were observed when vitamins A and C given together. It is concluded that vitamin C treatment, alone or its combination with vitamin A, may be beneficial in preventing endotoxin-induced oxidative renal tissue damage and shows potential for clinical use.
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PMID:Protective effects of vitamin C, alone or in combination with vitamin A, on endotoxin-induced oxidative renal tissue damage in rats. 1643 30

To clarify the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the aging process of amphibians, antioxidant enzyme activity and indexes of ROS damage were investigated biochemically using the livers of 3- and 10-year-old Rana nigromaculata frog males and females. Findings revealed no significant difference in survival rate between males and females. Antioxidant enzyme activity displayed an age-related decline. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in 10-year-old liver decreased 40-80% from 3-year-old liver levels. In contrast, urate oxidase activity in the 10-year-old liver increased more than 200% from 3-year-old liver levels. At the same time levels of ROS damage, including the concentration of inorganic peroxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), greatly increased with age. Liver catalase from 10-year-old frogs proved to be more susceptible to aminotriazole and urea, losing approximately 80% of its original activity after 30 min of treatment. It seems likely that liver catalase in older frogs has diverged from liver catalase in younger frogs through oxidative modification. These findings suggest that a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes over time results in increased levels of ROS damage in the livers of older frogs.
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PMID:The effects of reactive oxygen species on amphibian aging. 1590 65

The effects of proanthocyanidin-rich extract in rats subjected to renal ischemia-reperfusion were examined. Proanthocyanidin-rich extract, which is prepared from grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L.), was given orally at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight/d for 20 consecutive days prior to ischemia-reperfusion. Administration of proanthocyanidin-rich extract attenuated renal dysfunction, as indicated by serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Additionally, in the ischemic-reperfused kidneys, increased levels of thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive substance and alterations of antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were observed. Proanthocyanidin-rich extract-treated groups showed significantly reduced renal TBA-reactive substance levels and enhanced catalase and GSH-Px activities. These results suggest that proanthocyanidin-rich extract has protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal damage associated with oxidative stress.
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PMID:Attenuation of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds. 1626 3

The aim of this study was to test the effect of L: -arginine methyl ester (L-Arg) on indices of free radical involvement in a rat model of experimental nephrocalcinosis. Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups of seven. The first group (G1), the sham-control group received pure distilled drinking water. The second group (G2) received drinking water containing 0.7% ethylene glycol (EG) in distilled water for 3 weeks. The third group (G3) received drinking water containing 0.7% EG in distilled water for 3 weeks and L-Arg was administered for 3 weeks. The fourth group (G4) received drinking water containing 0.7% EG in distilled water for 3 weeks and L-NAME was administered for 3 weeks. Urine and aortic blood was collected to determine some parameters. The kidneys were also removed for histological examination. The increase in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, K(+), Mg(2+ )and uric acid were mild in group 3 compared with the groups 2 and 4. The urinary concentrations of Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+) and uric acid were noticed to be similar among the groups. However, Ca(2+ )and oxalate excretion were significantly higher in groups 2, 3 and 4 than in group 1. The mean values of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px values were significantly increased in group 3 when compared to groups 2 and 4. Presence of aggregated urinary crystals was clearer in experimental groups compared to group 1. The tubular dilatation, epithelial degeneration and lymphocytic infiltration were significantly found in groups 2 and 4. Mild tissue damage was observed in L-Arg-pretreated rats. Under polarized light microscope intense crystals in the cortex and medulla were observed in the kidney of group 2 and 4 and moderate crystals were noticed in group 3. In conclusion, L-Arg supplementation may decrease free radicals and tubulary membrane injury in nephrocalcinosis due to infiltrating leukocytes and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities in rats fed with EG diet.
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PMID:The effect of L-arginine methyl ester on indices of free radical involvement in a rat model of experimental nephrocalcinosis. 1682 49

The protection conferred by grape seed extract against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and bone marrow chromosomal aberrations have been evaluated in adult Swiss albino mice. The activity of reduced glutathione peroxidase (GSH peroxidase), the levels of glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation as malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidneys homogenates, serum urea and creatinine were measured, and in addition the changes in kidney histology and bone marrow chromosomes were investigated. Gentamicin (80 mg/kg b.wt. intraperitoneally for 2 weeks) induced kidney damage as indicated from a pronounced changes in kidney histology, a significant increase in serum urea and creatinine and MDA content in the kidney homogenate. While the activity of the antioxidant enzyme GSH peroxidase and the level of GSH were significantly decreased. Gentamicin induced genotoxicity indicated by increased the number of aberrant cells and different types of structural chromosomal aberrations (fragment, deletion and ring chromosome) and showed no effect on mitotic activity of the cell. Pretreatment with grape seed extract (7 days) and simultaneously (14 days) with gentamicin significantly protected the kidney tissue by ameliorating its antioxidant activity. Moreover, grape seed extract significantly protected bone marrow chromosomes from gentamicin induced genotoxicity by reducing the total number of aberrant cells, and different types of structural chromosomal aberrations. It could be concluded that grape seed extract acts as a potent antioxidant prevented kidney damage and genotoxicity of bone marrow cells.
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PMID:Grape seed extract prevents gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity in bone marrow cells of mice. 1693 Feb 96

The present study is an effort to identify a potent chemopreventive agent against various diseases (including cancer) in which oxidative stress and cell proliferation plays an important causative role. This study was designed to investigate the effect of gallic acid against ferric nitrilotriacetic acid (Fe-NTA)-induced carcinogen/ drug metabolizing phase I and phase II enzymes, antioxidative parameters, kidney markers, tumour promotion markers and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in kidney of male Wistar rats. Fe-NTA (9 mg Fe/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) caused significant depletion in the detoxification and antioxidant enzyme armoury with concomitant elevation in renal LPO, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, hydrogen peroxide generation, ornithine decarboxylase activity and [3H]thymidine incorporation into renal DNA. However, pretreatment of animals with gallic acid (10 and 20 mg/kg body weight) resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of the parameters measured (P <0.001). Renal glutathione content (P <0.001), glutathione metabolizing enzyme (P <0.001) and antioxidant enzyme levels were also recovered to a significant level (P <0.001). The enhanced reduced glutathione level and enzyme activities involved in xenobiotic metabolism and maintaining antioxidant status of cells are suggestive of a chemopreventive efficacy of gallic acid against Fe-NTA-mediated oxidative stress, toxicity and cell proliferative response in Wistar rats.
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PMID:Effect of gallic acid on renal biochemical alterations in male Wistar rats induced by ferric nitriloacetic acid. 1701 5

Stannous chloride (SnCl2) is a reducing chemical agent used in several man-made products. SnCl2 can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, the present study has been carried out to investigate the antioxidant action of l-ascorbic acid (AA) in minimizing SnCl2 toxicity on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme, and biochemical parameters in male New Zealand white rabbits. Animals were assigned to one of four treatment groups: 0mg AA and 0mg SnCl2/kg BW (control); 40 mg AA/kg BW; 20mg SnCl2/kg BW; 20mg SnCl2 plus 40 mg AA/kg BW. Rabbits were orally administered the respective doses every other day for 12 weeks. Results obtained showed that SnCl2 significantly (P<0.05) induced thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS; the marker of lipid peroxidation) in plasma, while the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and the level of sulfhydryl groups (SH-group) were decreased (P<0.05) in blood plasma. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AlP), acid phosphatase (AcP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were decreased (P<0.05). Stannous chloride significantly (P<0.05) increased the levels of plasma total lipid (TL), cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), glucose, urea and total bilirubin. On the other hand, the level of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total protein (TP), albumin (A) and globulin (G) were significantly (P<0.05) decreased. Ascorbic acid alone significantly decreased the levels of TBARS, lipids and urea, and increased the activities of GST, SOD and CAT, and the levels of SH-group and proteins. While the rest of the tested parameters were not affected. Also, the presence of AA with SnCl2 alleviated its harmful effects on most of the tested parameters. Therefore, the present results revealed that treatment with AA could minimize the toxic effects of stannous chloride.
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PMID:Study of the protective effect of ascorbic acid against the toxicity of stannous chloride on oxidative damage, antioxidant enzymes and biochemical parameters in rabbits. 1743 20

The present study was carried out to investigate the potential effects of ELF (extremely low frequency) electric field exposure on generating free radicals in guinea pigs. For this purpose, we determined thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, one of the byproducts of lipid peroxidation, the changes of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), as an antioxidant enzyme, and gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) as the key enzyme in GSH metabolism. Moreover, in order to investigate electric field effects on functions of organs, we measured the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), urea, uric acid, creatin, glucose, and blood-urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum of guinea pigs exposed to different intensities and directions electric fields. In this study we have found that vertical and horizontal application of ELF electric fields in the range of 1.35, 1.5, and 1.8 kV/m increased TBARS and SOD levels as compared to the controls (p < 0.05) and to applied electric fields of 0.3, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 kV/m. On the other hand, other serum levels of some biochemical parameters that were also investigated did not undergo statistically significant changes (p > 0.05).
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PMID:Electric field effects on Guinea pig serum: the role of free radicals. 1788 7


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