Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P30044 (antioxidant enzyme)
 8,037 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is an association between occupational exposure to hair dyes and incidence of cancers. Permanent oxidant hair dyes are consisted of many chemical components including ortho-phenylenediamines. To clarify the mechanism of carcinogenesis by hair dyes, we examined DNA damage induced by mutagenic ortho-phenylenediamine (o-PD) and its derivatives, 4-chloro-ortho-phenylenediamine (Cl-PD) and 4-nitro-ortho-phenylenediamine (NO(2)-PD), using (32)P-labeled DNA fragments obtained from the human p16 and the p53 tumor suppressor gene. We also measured the content of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a marker of oxidative DNA damage, in calf thymus DNA with an electrochemical detector coupled to a high performance liquid chromatograph. Carcinogenic o-PD and Cl-PD caused Cu(II)-mediated DNA damage, including 8-oxodG formation, and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) enhanced DNA damage. o-PD and Cl-PD caused piperidine-labile and formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase-sensitive lesions at cytosine and guanine residues respectively in the 5'-ACG-3' sequence, complementary to codon 273, a well-known hotspot of the human p53 tumor suppressor gene. UV-vis spectroscopic studies showed that the spectral change of o-PD and Cl-PD required Cu(II), and addition of SOD enhanced it. This suggested that SOD enhanced the rate of Cu(II)-mediated autoxidation of o-PD and Cl-PD, leading to enhancement of DNA damage. On the other hand, mutagenic but non-carcinogenic NO(2)-PD induced no DNA damage. These results suggest that carcinogenicity of ortho-phenylenediamines is associated with ability to cause oxidative DNA damage rather than bacterial mutagenicity.
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PMID:Oxidative DNA damage induced by hair dye components ortho-phenylenediamines and the enhancement by superoxide dismutase. 1679 66

To obtain more accessible oxidative stress inhibitors, a series of novel spin-labelled derivatives of 3-hydroxybutanolide (2a-d, 3a-d) with the natural active compound (kinsenoside) as the lead compound were designed, synthesised from the nitroxide free radical piperidine (pyrroline) and the main structural unit of kinsenoside: 3-hydroxybutanolide. Antioxidant activity screening of these derivatives was performed using MTT method on rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. The antioxidative stress effect was further investigated on the changes of the important antioxidant enzyme activities and intracellular reactive oxygen species production. Among the derivatives, 2b-d, 3a and 3c showed comparable or superior antioxidative stress activity to kinsenoside. Also, most of the tested derivatives displayed obvious antioxidative ability in concentrations. Cytotoxic assay simultaneously indicated that all compounds had very low toxicity to normal cells. Based on the observed results, the structure-activity relationship of these derivatives was discussed.
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PMID:The semisynthetic spin-labelled derivatives of 3-hydroxybutanolide as potential oxidative stress inhibitors. 2469 80