Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30044 (antioxidant enzyme)
 8,037 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adult rats show evidence of severe lung damage after 72h of continuous exposure to hyperoxia (96-98% O2). Treatment of adult rats with a solution of Plasmanate, inadvertently contaminated with endotoxin-producing organisms, or with purified endotoxin itself markedly altered the lung toxicity associated with hyperoxic exposure (survival in treated animals = 110/113 [97%] versus survival in untreated animals = 56/172 [33%]). After 72h of hyperoxic exposure, the endotoxin-treated rats demonstrated significant increases in lung superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity, a protectant enzyme response not seen in untreated adult rats. The basis for endotoxin's protective effect from hyperoxic lung damage is believed to be related to the stimulated increase in activity of the pulmonary antioxidant enzyme defense system. Some previously known actions of endotoxin are speculated to also serve a protective function by opposing some of the usual detrimental effects of high concentrations of O2 on the lung.
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PMID:The role of endotoxin in protection of adult rats from oxygen-induced lung toxicity. 62 Dec 74

Neonatal and adult animals of five species were exposed to 95+% O2. Survival time and changes in lung antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GP)) in response to hyperoxia were determined. Adult animals succumbed to O2 lung toxicity in 3--5 days. Neonatal rats, mice and rabbits showed minimal lung changes after 7 days of hyperoxic exposure and these same neonatal animals showed rapid and significant increases in lung antioxidant enzyme activities. In contrast, neonatal guinea pigs and hamsters had no lung antioxidant enzyme response to hyperoxia and these neonates died in 95+% O2 as readily as their respective parent animals. Results from an in vitro hyperoxic exposure system suggest that the lack of enzymic response of the guinea pig (and hamster) neonates to O2 challenge is due to an inherent pulmonary biochemical unresponsiveness rather than to a deficiency of a necessary "serum factor." The results of this species and age study support the important role of the lung antioxidant enzyme defense system in protection of the lung from O2-induced injury.
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PMID:Oxygen toxicity in neonatal and adult animals of various species. 73 May 65

Polyclonal antisera to manganese and copper-zinc superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and isozymes of glutathione S-transferase (liver and placental isolates, GST-L and GST-P, respectively) were used to localize these enzymes in normal rat lung by immunostaining. Light-microscopic results, using an immunoperoxidase technique, were expanded on by electron-microscopic immunogold localization. The findings were consistent with previous biochemical work. However, both GPx and GST-P were predominantly localized to extracellular connective tissue of the lung. These findings demonstrate the basal antioxidant enzyme phenotypes for parenchymal lung tissue at light- and electron-microscopic levels. Significant components of enzymatic defense to oxidant stress are heterogeneously distributed throughout rat lung tissue including both epithelial cell surfaces and the extracellular matrix.
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PMID:Immunolocalization of antioxidant enzymes and isozymes of glutathione S-transferase in normal rat lung. 128 3

The activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), peroxidases (POD), and superoxide dismutases (SOD) in whole blood and different blood fractions was analyzed in 20 normal human beings and correlated with the chromosomal sensitivity of lymphocytes to bleomycin (BLM) (measured as frequency of dicentric chromosomes per BLM dose). Our results demonstrate that both the physiologic activities of the enzymes and the chromosomal sensitivity to BLM exhibit an ample and significant interindividual variability. An inverse and linear correlation between chromosomal sensitivity to BLM and the concentration of 1) CAT and POD in plasma and 2) SOD in whole blood, erythrocytes, and plasma was found. On the other hand, the chromosomal sensitivity to BLM showed a direct correlation with the concentration of SOD and POD in mononuclear leukocytes. It is suggested that a determination of antioxidant enzyme (AOE) activities in a given cell population may serve to predict the chromosomal sensitivity to BLM.
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PMID:Chromosomal sensitivity of human lymphocytes to bleomycin. Influence of antioxidant enzyme activities in whole blood and different blood fractions. 128 12

After a 13-day space mission, in the rats flown on Cosmos-1887 biosatellite the parameters of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system--the contents of diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, Schiff bases, tocopherol, total antioxidant activity (in blood plasma only), antioxidant enzyme activity (in tissues only)--superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathio peroxidase, glutathio reductase have been measured in the blood plasma, myocardium, skeletal muscles and liver. The liver level of diene conjugates, Schiff bases and tocopherol decreased, and an activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase increased. In the skeletal muscles there was an elevation of diene conjugate contents followed by the decreases in malonic dialdehyde and superoxide dismutase activity. In rat myocardium, superoxide dismutase activity and tocopherol levels increased significantly. In the blood plasma the levels of tocopherol, malonic dialdehyde and total antioxidant activity were elevated. It is concluded that the observed changes in lipid peroxidation developed probably in response to an effect of the last dynamic stage of space flight and during re-adapting to the Earth environments.
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PMID:[Lipid peroxidation and the system of antioxidant protection in rats following a 13-day space flight on the Kosmos-1887 biosatellite]. 129 45

The effect of experimental cryptorchidism on the level of oxidative stress and antioxidant functions in rat testis was studied. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered unilaterally cryptorchid (by suturing one testis to the abdominal wall) and killed 1, 3, or 7 days after the operation. As an indicator of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation was measured by the diene conjugation method in testis homogenates. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes were determined either in the 10,000 x g supernatant fraction (glutathione [GSH] peroxidase, GSH transferase, hexose monophosphate shunt) or in crude testis homogenates (superoxide dismutase, catalase). An expected reduction (48%) in weight of the abdominal testes was evident by postoperative Day 7. The catalytic activities per testis of superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn form) and catalase were found to decrease in cryptorchidism. The effect was seen on the first postoperative day and was most profound on Day 7 after surgery. The principal antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase, was most sensitive to cryptorchidism, the activity in the abdominal testes being 74% or 85% (per gram of tissue or per whole testis, respectively; p less than 0.01). After impairment of the reactive oxygen detoxifying capacity, lipid peroxidation was increased in the abdominal testis by 46% (p less than 0.01) on postoperative Day 7. Slight concomitant increases were detected in the activities of GSH-peroxidase (p less than 0.01), GSH-transferase (p less than 0.001), and the hexose monophosphate shunt (p less than 0.001). This effect was seen only when calculated per gram of tissue, not per whole testis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Impaired detoxification of reactive oxygen and consequent oxidative stress in experimentally cryptorchid rat testis. 135 92

1. The effect of the increasing concentrations of CuSO4 and HgCl2 (0.01-0.3 mmol/l) on erythrocyte haemolysis and the activities of peroxide metabolism enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase was investigated in human erythrocytes and the nucleated red blood cells of marine fish (Dicentrarchus labrax). 2. The results show that both heavy metal ions had only little effect on haemolysis and antioxidant enzyme activities in human erythrocytes; in contrast the effect of heavy metals on fish erythrocytes was statistically significant when compared to control values. 3. Copper was found to have more pronounced effect than mercury on the erythrocytes of Dicentrarchus labrax; otherwise there were no significant differences between the toxic effects of both ions on human erythrocytes. 4. We suggest that the mechanism of copper-induced haemolysis may be different from that of mercuric ion in the erythrocytes of Dicentrarchus labrax.
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PMID:The comparison of the effects of heavy metal ions on the antioxidant enzyme activities in human and fish Dicentrarchus labrax erythrocytes. 135 29

It has been previously well documented that partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and weight-specific rate of O2 consumption in chick embryo (Gallus gallus domesticus) transiently increase midway through the 21-day in ovo incubation period. The present study found that these oxidative changes were paralleled by the concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and Zn in liver and by the specific activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in brain. Levels of antioxidant enzymes and their trace metal cofactors were markedly higher in liver than in brain. Hepatic catalase activity changed in parallel with the concentration of its cofactor, Fe. However, the relative abundance of metal cofactors did not appear to be the determining influence on other antioxidant enzyme activities. Rates of extra-mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide release were also much greater in liver than in brain. Taken together, the results of this initial study of embryonic chick antioxidant systems suggest that certain antioxidants may be regulated by PO2 and rate of oxidative metabolism during fetal development.
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PMID:Developmental profiles of antioxidant enzymes and trace metals in chick embryo. 140 90

The defense system of aortic endothelial cells against oxidative stress was studied in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits, and the effect of insulin on the antioxidant activities was estimated. Endothelial cells were prepared from 10 diabetic rabbits, 18 diabetic rabbits treated with insulin, and 10 age-matched controls after 17 days of diabetes. These cells were used for the estimation of glutathione (GSH) levels and its related enzyme activities. The antioxidant activities in these endothelial cells from diabetic rabbits were compared with those from control subjects. The concentration of GSH decreased in diabetic rabbits (1.6 +/- 0.2 nmol/mg protein [mean +/- SD] v 3.7 +/- 0.6 nmol/mg protein). Decreases in the activities of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) (62.7 +/- 11.0 U/mg protein v 172.9 +/- 20.2 U/mg protein), catalase (7.6 +/- 2.1 U/mg protein v 12.3 +/- 3.2 U/mg protein), and GSH peroxidase (134.0 +/- 27.0 mU/mg protein v 179.1 +/- 26.2 mU/mg protein) were observed. The activities of other GSH-related enzymes such as GSH S-transferase or GSH reductase did not change in endothelial cells from diabetic rabbits. Most of these antioxidant activities were prevented when diabetic rabbits were treated with insulin (1 to 2 U/kg/d). These antioxidant activities were also determined in the diabetic liver and kidney. Similar decreases in the cellular defense activities and prevention of the decrease in activities by insulin were observed in the diabetic liver, while these antioxidant enzyme activities in the kidney were resistant to diabetic conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of insulin on impaired antioxidant activities in aortic endothelial cells from diabetic rabbits. 140 92

Undernutrition may exacerbate hyperoxia-induced lung injury, a finding that may be of significance in the early clinical management of the premature human infant. Addressing this specific problem, we found that 72 h of food restriction in guinea pig pups delivered 3 days preterm increased mortality rates among pups exposed to 95% oxygen (8/18) and yet had no effect on 21% oxygen (air)-exposed pups (0/10). Reduced tolerance of hyperoxic conditions was not, however, associated with increased lung injury, assessed as pulmonary microvascular leakage. Pulmonary antioxidant enzyme activities [Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn SOD, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase] were unaltered by starvation or hyperoxia. Lung glutathione concentration was slightly decreased after food restriction, whereas hyperoxic exposure did not change either lung or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid glutathione concentrations or lung antioxidant enzyme activities. Increased susceptibility to the lethal effects of oxygen in the starved preterm guinea pig pup could not be attributed to a deficiency of pulmonary antioxidant defenses.
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PMID:Effect of food restriction on hyperoxia-induced lung injury in preterm guinea pig. 141 61


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