Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30044 (antioxidant enzyme)
 8,037 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper studied the effects of short- and long term abscisic acid (ABA) treatments on the CO2 assimilation (Pn), carboxylation efficiency (CE), response of Pn to CO2, and antioxidant enzyme activities of wheat seedlings exposed to UV-C. The results showed that under no UV-C, short- and long term ABA treatments increased Pn by 14.69% and 20.46%, and decreased stomatal conductance (Gs) by 14.74% and 17.31%, respectively, compared to the control, while no effects were observed on intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and CE. Under UV-C, the Pn, CE, Gs and Ci decreased, with the least decrease in long term ABA treatment, less in short term ABA treatment, and the most in control. ABA could increase the response of Pn to CO2, while UV-C inhibited it. In ABA treatments, antioxidant enzyme activities were enhanced, while MDA content was decreased. Under UV-C, CAT activity increased first, reached its maximum after 1 h, and decreased then. The activities of SOD and POD in ABA treatments increased first and decreased then, with the greater increase in long term ABA treatment than in short term ABA treatment, while those in the control decreased. It was suggested that through enhancing Pn and antioxidant enzyme activities, ABA could enhance the resistance of wheat to UV-C, and long term ABA treatment had better effects than short term ABA treatment.
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PMID:[Effects of abscisic acid on photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities of wheat seedlings]. 1688 8

Preeclampsia is a syndrome of unknown etiopathogenesis. Recent studies carried out on preeclampsia have focused on the increase in free radicals in the feto-placental unit with poor perfusion. It is believed that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has a role in the poor perfusion of the placenta. It is uncertain whether there is a pre-existing impairment in RAS in pre-eclamptic pregnant women or not. In the present study, we measured angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), malonaldehyde (MDA), zinc, and copper levels in the placental tissue of 16 pre-eclamptic pregnant women and compared them with those in 20 healthy pregnant women. Whereas ACE activity and MDA were found to be high in the placentas of pre-eclamptic patients, zinc and copper levels were low and there was a negative correlation between ACE activity and zinc concentration. These findings suggest that high ACE activity might play a role in the increase in tissue hypoxia and consequent lipid peroxidation through vasoconstriction; zinc deficiency in the placental tissue might cause insufficiency of superoxide dismutase, an antioxidant enzyme. Furthermore, deficiency in placental zinc also plays a role in the biosynthesis of connective tissue, maintaining its integrity, which might have an impact on the structure of the spiral arteries.
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PMID:Comparison of angiotensin-converting enzyme, malonaldehyde, zinc, and copper levels in preeclampsia. 1711 10

This study was designed to investigate the anti-lipid peroxidative effects of aqueous extracts from Gongronema latifolium (Utazi) leaves in non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. We evaluated plasma lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde, MDA) and antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in all the animals. Result demonstrated that the untreated diabetic rats were subjected to oxidative stress as indicated by significantly [P < 0.05] low level of their antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase (49. 86 +/- 2.04 U/mg protein) and high plasma lipid peroxidation index (6.82 +/- 2.04 nMol/ml) when compared with non-diabetic rats values of 82.5 +/- 3.16 U/mg protein and 2.66 +/- 0.72 nMol/ml respectively. The aqueous extract of G. latifolium leaves reversed this situation as shown by significant [P < 0.05] increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (78.6 +/- 3.26 U/mg protein) and decreased levels of plasma malondialdehyde (4.02 +/- 0.64). In conclusion, the results suggest that aqueous extract of G. latifolium. Leaves possesses hypoglycemic as well as anti-lipid peroxidative properties.
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PMID:Anti-lipid peroxidative activity of Gongronema latifolium in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 1724 20

Recent studies have demonstrated that chronic cadmium administration induces oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated the possible therapeutic effect of adrenomedullin, a potent antioxidant, in cadmium-induced morphological, ultrastructural and biochemical alterations. Two groups of rats were exposed to 100 ppm of CdCl(2) in drinking water for four weeks. One of these groups received 3000 ng/kg body weight of adrenomedullin (AdM) intraperitoneally during the last week. Hepatic oxidative stress markers were evaluated by changes in the amount of lipid peroxides and changes in the antioxidant enzyme activities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GSH) levels. Hepatic damage score was significantly higher in Cd-administered rats than those of controls (p<0.005). Cd-induced ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes included focal parenchymal cell necrosis, dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, proliferation of lysosomes and mitochondrial degeneration. Hepatic damage was accompanied by significant increase in tissue MDA level (p<0.05) and significant decrease in tissue GSH level (p<0.05), and SOD and GPx activities (p>0.05, p>0.005, respectively). Adrenomedullin failed to restore the light and electron microscopic, and biochemical changes. We conclude that although we administered a high dose of adrenomedullin, it failed to reduce cadmium-induced hepatic damage probably because of the irreversibility of Cd-induced hepatic injury.
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PMID:Adrenomedullin fails to reduce cadmium-induced oxidative damage in rat liver. 1726 95

We collected the diseased blades of Laminaria japonica from Yantai Sea Farm from October to December 2002, and the alginic acid decomposing bacterium on the diseased blade was isolated and purified, and was identified as Alteromonas espejiana. This bacterium was applied as the causative pathogen to infect the blades of L. japonica under laboratory conditions. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of the bacterium on the growth of L. japonica, and to find the possibly effective mechanism. Results showed that: (1) The blades of L. japonica exhibited symptoms of lesion, bleaching and deterioration when infected by the bacterium, and their growth and photosynthesis were dramatically suppressed. At the same time, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation enhanced obviously, and the relative membrane permeability increased significantly. The contents of malonaldehyde (MDA) and free fatty acid in the microsomol membrane greatly elevated, but the phospholipid content decreased. Result suggested an obvious peroxidation and deesterrification in the blades of L. japonica when infected by the bacterium. (2) The simultaneous assay on the antioxidant enzyme activities demonstrated that superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased greatly when infected by the bacterium, but glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) did not exhibit active responses to the bacterium throughout the experiment. (3) The histomorphological observations gave a distinctive evidence of the severity of the lesions as well as the relative abundance in the bacterial population on the blades after infection. The bacterium firstly invaded into the endodermis of L. japonica and gathered around there, and then resulted in the membrane damage, cells corruption and ultimately, the death of L. japonica.
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PMID:Effect of alginic acid decomposing bacterium on the growth of Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyceae). 1729 54

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, a lipid of marine origin) has been found to enhance the activity of several anticancer drugs through an oxidative mechanism. To examine the relation between chemosensitization by DHA and tumor cells antioxidant status, we used two breast cancer cell lines: MDA-MB-231, in which DHA increases sensitivity to doxorubicin, and MCF-7, which does not respond to DHA. Under these conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level increased on anthracycline treatment only in MDA-MB-231. This was concomitant with a decreased cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) activity, a crucial enzyme for protection against hydrogen and lipid peroxides, while major antioxidant enzyme activities increased in both cell lines in response to ROS. GPx-decreased activity was accompanied by an accumulation of glutathione, the GPx cosubstrate, and resulted from a decreased amount of GPx protein. In rat mammary tumors, when a DHA dietary supplementation led to an increased tumor sensitivity to anthracyclines, GPx1 activity was similarly decreased. Furthermore, vitamin E abolished both DHA effects on chemotherapy efficacy enhancement and on GPx1 inhibition. Thus, loss of GPx response to an oxidative stress in transformed cells may account for the ability of peroxidizable targets such as DHA to enhance tumor sensitivity to ROS-generating anticancer drugs.
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PMID:Sensitization by docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of breast cancer cells to anthracyclines through loss of glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) response. 1826 29

The objective of this study was to investigate the protection by naringenin against doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage in normal blood cells. Inhibiting effects of naringenin, doxorubicin and naringenin combined with doxorubicind on K562 cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were detected with MTT method, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (MDA), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were examined with spectrophotometric method in the K562 cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The results indicated that the proliferation of K562 cells was not inhibited by the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in combination of naringenin with doxorubicin. As compared with the doxorubicin, the addition of naringenin after doxorubicin for 1 hour, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) obviously decreased, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) obviously increased in the polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but these were not changed obviously in K562 cells. It is concluded naringenin can protect against doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage in normal blood cells. The mechanism of naringenin may be elevating activities of antioxidant enzyme and degrading oxidative production level in normal blood cells, and meanswhile decreasing level of oxidative products.
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PMID:[Protection against doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage in normal blood cells by naringenin]. 1871 62

The effects of different concentrations of Pb on growth of Allium sativum L, Pb uptake and accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content were investigated. The results indicated that shoot growth at high concentration of Pb (10(-3) M) and roots growth at 10(-3) M and 10(-4) M Pb were significantly inhibited. Lead ions were accumulated mainly in the roots and only small amounts were translocated to bulbs and shoots. SOD activities in shoot and roots exposed to 10(-3) M Pb were observed to be high. Plants exposed to 10(-3) M Pb showed a significant increase in POD activity in roots versus the control and other Pb treatments. In roots, CAT activity and MDA concentration at 10(-3) M Pb is high significantly. The mechanisms of Pb toxicity and tolerance in garlic are briefly discussed.
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PMID:Uptake and accumulation and oxidative stress in garlic (Allium sativum L.) under lead phytotoxicity. 1877 94

The effect of drought on the chickpea variety ILC 3279 was investigated at the vegetative stage. After 20 days from sowing, the plants subjected to drought stress for 3, 5 and 7 days imposed by withholding water were permitted to recover by rewatering for 2 days after 3, 5 and 7 days of drought. Shoot elongation, leaf production, fresh and dry biomass reduced while MDA and proline accumulation increased with extended duration of stress. The plants stressed for 3 days exhibited a rapid drop in their relative and absolute water contents. The quantum efficiency of PSII open centres in the dark-adapted and light-saturated state, excitation energy trapping of PSII and electron transport rate decreased significantly from the 5th day to the end of the drought treatments. Plants drought-stressed for 7 days brought about a marked increase in non-photochemical energy dissipation and a marked decline in photochemical quenching. After rewatering all chlorophyll a fluorescence characteristics except for F(M) completely recovered and reached the control values. Under 5 and 7 days of drought, the anthocyanin content increased gradually while the total chlorophyll content of leaves declined compared to the controls. The total carotenoid content remained unchanged during the experiments. The antioxidant enzyme response to drought treatments was quite variable. The total SOD activity upregulated with increasing duration of stress. On the other hand, the total APX activity was significantly higher only on the 7th day while the total POD activity increased from the 5th day. Differences in the total GR activity of treated groups were not statistically significant compared to their controls throughout the treatments. The present results indicate that the chickpea variety ILC 3279 withstands severe drought with its upregulated protective mechanisms at the vegetative stage.
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PMID:PSII photochemistry and antioxidant responses of a chickpea variety exposed to drought. 1881 Oct 6

The present paper investigated the short-term colonization by plants of a highly degraded soil in field conditions. The objectives were to identify, through phytosociological analysis, the plant species able to grow on such polluted areas and to characterize pollutant effects at different biological levels through analyses of plant oxidative status, plant growth or community indexes of richness and biodiversity. Our results showed that among the plants present in the uncontaminated surrounding area, only few species were able to colonize the polluted soil. These species were typical of the first years of grassland successions. Ecological indexes proved that the polluted soil vegetation presented a lower degree of species richness and biodiversity than the control area. These discrepancies were partly explained by pollutant phytotoxicity. Indeed, for several species including Erigeron canadensis and Oenothera biennis, we observed toxic effects of the polluted soil on plant height and biomass. Moreover, at the cellular level, changes in antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, APX, GPX and GRD) and lipid peroxidation level (MDA) were observed. Such biochemical changes seemed to play an important role on plant sensitivity/tolerance to pollutants and thus to render them more or less competitive for colonization of such disturbed areas.
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PMID:Ecological recovery of vegetation on a coke-factory soil: role of plant antioxidant enzymes and possible implications in site restoration. 1897 11


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