Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30044 (antioxidant enzyme)
 8,037 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cold acclimation increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, total and selenium (Se)-dependent glutathione peroxidases (GPx) and glutathione reductase by 2-4-fold in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of cold-acclimated rats. Nevertheless, when expressed per unit protein, the antioxidant enzyme activities were unaltered. Sensitivity to lipid peroxidation and GSH levels both increased by one order of magnitude in the cold on a per weight basis and were still 3-5 times greater in the cold when expressed per mg of protein. We suggest that activation of BAT leads to a large increase in the potential for lipid peroxidation and that the tissue responds to this challenge by increasing practically all of its antioxidant defences. Nevertheless, GSH, and possibly GPx activity, seem to be the principal defences involved in adaptation of the tissue to a higher sensitivity to peroxidative damage after activation.
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PMID:Effect of cold acclimation on GSH, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in brown adipose tissue. 185 42

Antioxidant enzyme activities of cultured human foreskin fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and melanocytes from healthy black and Caucasian donors were measured and compared. Fibroblasts had more (p less than 0.05) peroxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activity than keratinocytes. Keratinocytes had more (p less than 0.05) peroxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activity than melanocytes. No differences in antioxidant enzyme activities were observed between the cells of any type taken from black or Caucasian people. Antioxidant enzyme activities may affect resistance to damage by oxidants induced by ultraviolet radiation and inflammation.
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PMID:Disparate antioxidant enzyme activities in cultured human cutaneous fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and melanocytes. 187 41

The effects of aging on myocardial antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, and other related biochemical properties were investigated in male Wistar-Furth rats at 4, 26, and 31 mo of age at rest and after an acute exercise bout. The results showed that resting heart cytosolic superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD) activity was significantly decreased in the heart with aging (66 +/- 6.5 U/mg protein at 4 mo vs. 49 +/- 3.8 U/mg protein at 31 mo) and was elevated in all age groups after exercise. Mitochondrial Mn SOD activity was almost doubled in both 26- and 31-mo-old rats compared with that at 4 mo. Myocardial catalase and cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were significantly decreased with age, whereas mitochondrial GPX was 29% higher (P less than 0.05) in 31- than 4-mo-old rats. Glutathione S-transferase activity in the heart also declined with age (P less than 0.05 at 31 mo). Malondialdehyde contents in both heart homogenate and mitochondria were significantly increased at old age. Activity of several enzymes related to myocardial energy production, e.g., citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as myocardial protein content showed an age-related decline. These data indicate that myocardial antioxidant capacity is weakened during aging and that the compensatory increases of mitochondrial SOD and GPX may be an important mechanism in coping with free radical damage in senescent heart. Findings in the present investigation seem to support the free radical theory of aging.
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PMID:Myocardial aging: antioxidant enzyme systems and related biochemical properties. 187 97

We studied the biological variability of blood superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), glutathione peroxidase (GPX; EC 1.11.1.9), and catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) in a sample of 1836 apparently health subjects, ages 4-97 years. SOD and GPX activities were assayed in plasma (P) and erythrocytes (E) by automated methods, and CAT was measured in erythrocytes by a manual technique. No statistically significant variation of these antioxidant enzyme activities according to gender was demonstrated, except for E-GPX, which was slightly but significantly higher in women than in men (P less than 0.001). Activities appear rather stable in adults less than 65 years old, but decrease for most enzymes in the elderly. There is no evidence that weight, blood pressure, or menopause influences the antioxidant enzymes' activities. In girls ages 10-14 years, E-SOD activity is reduced by 16% (P less than 0.05) after menarche. Variations related to smoking and alcohol consumption are slight and concern only P-SOD and P-GPX, respectively. Conversely, intake of some drugs (e.g., anti-inflammatory agents, antidepressants, and thyroid hormones) modifies activity of some of the three enzymes. E-SOD positively correlates with P-SOD (r = 0.216, P less than 0.001) and E-CAT (r = 0.123, P less than 0.001), and E-GPX with P-GPX (r = 0.218, P less than 0.001). Finally, we propose reference intervals for activities of the three antioxidant enzymes in blood in individuals less than 65 years old.
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PMID:Biological variability of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in blood. 193 68

We examined the effect of glucocorticoid on intrinsic glomerular antioxidant enzyme (AOE) activities. Munich-Wistar rats were treated with daily i.p. injection of vehicle or methylprednisolone [MP, 15 mg/kg body wt, (MP15)] either for three days or nine days. Glomeruli isolated from rats given MP15 had significantly higher activities of total (T-) and manganese (Mn-) superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase than vehicle-treated rats (P less than 0.05). MP15-treated rats were subjected to intrarenal arterial infusion of hydrogen peroxide (35 mumol over 1 hr). Values for urinary protein excretion rate (UprV) after hydrogen peroxide infusion were markedly lower in rats pretreated with MP15 for both three days and nine days than in untreated rats (109 +/- 18 and 55 +/- 24 vs. 416 +/- 73 micrograms/min, respectively, both P less than 0.005). To test whether the same therapeutic intervention attenuates reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated glomerular injury in another model, rats given a single i.v. dose of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) (50 mg/kg body wt) were treated with daily i.p. injection of vehicle or MP15. Two days after PAN administration, when compared to vehicle-treated controls, PAN rats given MP15 had significantly higher activities of Mn-SOD, GSH-Px and catalase. After eight days of PAN injection, T- and Mn-SOD activities were, likewise, significantly higher in MP15- than vehicle-treated PAN rats. PAN rats given MP15 also had substantially less proteinuria, compared to PAN rats given vehicle alone, UprV averaging 32.3 +/- 9.4 versus 159.0 +/- 13.8 mg/24 hr (P less than 0.05). Elevated glomerular malondialdehyde (MDA) level characteristic of PAN rats was absent in rats treated with MP15. Moreover, epithelial foot process fusion and cell vacuolization seen in vehicle-treated PAN rats were markedly attenuated in MP15-treated PAN rats. These data indicate that the mechanism for therapeutic effect of glucocorticoids on ROS-mediated renal injuries includes an enhancement of endogenous glomerular AOE activities, which attenuates lipid peroxidation of glomerular tissue.
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PMID:Glucocorticoid activates glomerular antioxidant enzymes and protects glomeruli from oxidant injuries. 194 78

It is found that the amount of saturated fatty acids grows, while that of unsaturated--falls in the erythrocyte membranes of rats maintained on a diet without vitamin E. In this case transmembrane calcium transport catalyzed by Ca2(+)-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) is not broken and activity of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.11) in lysate of erythrocytes falls. The found shifts are corrected with administration of antioxidant preparations.
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PMID:[Indices of structure and function of erythrocyte membranes in rats with vitamin E deficiency and their correction with antioxidant drugs]. 196 70

We examined the influence of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a beta-agonist, and exercise training on enzymes that detoxify toxic oxygen species. Feeding 0.4% DHEA decreased hepatic cytosolic (c) selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPX), (-26%, P less than 0.0001) and increased hepatic mitochondrial (m) Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD), (+38%, P less than 0.001). DHEA decreased myocardial c-GPX (-21%, P less than 0.05) when compared to a beta-agonist (beta A; L644969 Merck and Co.) fed at 5 ppm but neither differed from the Control (C). In contrast, the beta A increased hepatic m-GPX (+25%, P less than 0.05). In skeletal muscle, DHEA and beta A decreased muscle c-GPX by 20 and 12%, respectively (P less than 0.0009). DHEA increased both muscle (+20%, P less than 0.01) and myocardial (+20%, P less than 0.05) c-glutathione S-transferase (GST) over beta A (+20%, P less than 0.01) but neither was significantly different from C. Similar to DHEA, chronic training (Tr) (1 h/day, 5 days/week at 27 m/min, 15% grade on treadmill) decreased hepatic c-GPX (-16%, P less than 0.003). Tr elevates muscle c-GPX (+36%, P less than 0.05) in C. Tr increased myocardial c-GPX by 28% in the beta A-treated rats, whereas Tr decreased myocardial c-GPX by 22% in the C (P less than 0.05, interaction). One hour of acute exercise (Ex) (70% VO2 max relative work load) decreased hepatic homogenate catalase (-12%, P less than 0.02) and increased hepatic m-Mn SOD (+28%, P less than 0.03). Ex decreased myocardial c-GST (P less than 0.05) only in the DHEA-treated rats. DHEA and Tr may improve efficiency of oxygen utilization at the tissue level with lower antioxidant enzyme activity in liver and locally protective up-regulation in muscle. beta A stresses oxygen utilization systems and liver responds by up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes. The increase in myocardial c-GPX activity in the beta A-treated group may be a protective effect against indirect catecholamine-induced myocardial necrosis which results from free radical generation.
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PMID:Dehydroepiandrosterone and a beta-agonist, energy transducers, alter antioxidant enzyme systems: influence of chronic training and acute exercise in rats. 198 Apr 4

Metabolic gradients are established during early phases of development and their existence influences subsequent developmental events. Variations in oxygen supply and oxygen metabolism associated with the gradation of metabolic rate in embryos appear to form one basis for the influence of metabolic gradients on development. The rate of oxygen metabolism affects the rate of oxidant generation by various cellular biochemical pathways. Cells contain antioxidant defenses that respond to variations in cellular oxidant production. Large changes in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase and changes in cellular redox state occur during the differentiation of many types of cells. These changes correspond to an increased rate of oxidant production; the cellular environment becomes more prooxidizing during differentiation. Evidence is presented that implicates oxidants as a factor that can stimulate alterations in gene expression. Possible mechanisms by which oxidants influence gene expression are also discussed.
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PMID:Oxygen-reactive species and antioxidant responses during development: the metabolic paradox of cellular differentiation. 199 Apr 1

Pretreatment or "priming" with vincristine (VcR) has been documented to radioprotect animals from whole body irradiation by accelerating recovery of hematopoietic marrow. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unclear, but the marked similarities between priming with VcR and with immune stimulants such as endotoxin and glucan have led to speculation that VcR may be inducing such radioprotective immunoregulators as interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The radioprotective ability of these cytokines, in turn, has been linked to an induction of the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD). To establish whether priming with VcR is associated with induction of antioxidant enzymes, the activities of Mn SOD, copper-zinc (Cu-Zn) SOD, catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were measured in the marrow of both LLca tumor-bearing and non-tumor-bearing mice given a priming dose of VcR. Results in non-tumor-bearing mice indicate that, similar to IL-1 and TNF administration, VcR treatment increases Mn-SOD activity, but not Cu-Zn SOD, CAT, or GPX activity. Furthermore, this increase occurs at the time VcR priming has been demonstrated previously to exhibit maximal radioprotection, suggesting that it may be contributing factor. However, VcR priming has been demonstrated to radioprotect both tumor-bearing and non-tumor-bearing animals, and no increase in Mn SOD activity (or the other enzymes monitored) was found in the tumor-bearing group. Rather, the presence of tumor significantly suppressed antioxidant enzyme activity. Collectively, the present data suggest that it is unlikely that increased antioxidant enzyme activity is directly involved in the VcR priming response.
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PMID:Marrow antioxidant enzyme activity in tumor-bearing and non-tumor-bearing mice following vincristine treatment. 199 2

Pulmonary antioxidant enzyme ontogeny has been reported in species with a relatively short gestation such as hamsters, rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs. We examined the ontogeny of the antioxidant enzyme system together with the surfactant phospholipid disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) in fetal lamb lung (term is 148 days). Lung tissue from 36 fetuses with gestational ages ranging from 121 to 145 days were assayed for DSPC content and for the activities of three antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Between 121 and 145 days gestation superoxide dismutase activity increased from 25 +/- 4 to 139 +/- 18 IU/mg DNA, catalase activity from 164 +/- 23 to 483 +/- 48 IU/mg DNA, glutathione peroxidase activity from 301 +/- 33 to 447 +/- 53 IU/mg DNA, and DSPC content from 0.48 +/- 0.04 to 1.61 +/- 0.11 mg/mg DNA. During the final 15-20% of gestation in the fetal lamb antioxidant enzyme activity rises sharply in parallel with the development of the surfactant system.
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PMID:Ontogeny of antioxidant enzymes in the fetal lamb lung. 201 72


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